Abstract: The identification and elimination of bad
measurements is one of the basic functions of a robust state estimator
as bad data have the effect of corrupting the results of state
estimation according to the popular weighted least squares method.
However this is a difficult problem to handle especially when dealing
with multiple errors from the interactive conforming type. In this
paper, a self adaptive genetic based algorithm is proposed. The
algorithm utilizes the results of the classical linearized normal
residuals approach to tune the genetic operators thus instead of
making a randomized search throughout the whole search space it is
more likely to be a directed search thus the optimum solution is
obtained at very early stages(maximum of 5 generations). The
algorithm utilizes the accumulating databases of already computed
cases to reduce the computational burden to minimum. Tests are
conducted with reference to the standard IEEE test systems. Test
results are very promising.
Abstract: As mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) have different
characteristics from wired networks and even from standard wireless
networks, there are new challenges related to security issues that
need to be addressed. Due to its unique features such as open nature,
lack of infrastructure and central management, node mobility and
change of dynamic topology, prevention methods from attacks on
them are not enough. Therefore intrusion detection is one of the
possible ways in recognizing a possible attack before the system
could be penetrated. All in all, techniques for intrusion detection in
old wireless networks are not suitable for MANET. In this paper, we
classify the architecture for Intrusion detection systems that have so
far been introduced for MANETs, and then existing intrusion
detection techniques in MANET presented and compared. We then
indicate important future research directions.
Abstract: fifteen cultivars of Strawberries (Queen Eliza, Sequia,
Paros, Mcdonance, Selva, Chandler, Mrak, Ten beauty, Aliso, Pajero,
Kordestan, Camarosa, Blackmore, Gaviota and Fresno) were
investigated in 2011, under hydroponic system condition. Yield and
fruit Firmness was determinate. Chemical analyses of soluble solids
content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid (AA) and pH
were done. 4 cultivars (Aliso, Selva, Paros and Gaviota) yielded more
than 250 g/plant, while cultivar Black more, Fresno and Kordestan
produced less than 100g/plant. The amounts of fruit firmness
indicated that 'Camarosa' fruit was firmer than others cultivars.
Cultivar 'Fresno' had the highest pH (3.27). Ttitratable acidity varied
from 1.03g/l00g for cultivar 'Sequia' and 'Gaviota' to 1.48g/l00g for
cultivar 'Chandler'. Fresno, Kordestan, Aliso and Chandler showed
the highest soluble solid concentration. Ascorbic acid averaged for
most cultivars between 30.26 and 79.73 mg/100gf.w. Present results
showed that different cultivars of strawberry contain highly variable
in fruit quality.
Abstract: Nuclear energy sources have been widely used in the
past decades in order to power spacecraft subsystems. Nevertheless,
their use has attracted controversy because of the risk of harmful
material released into the atmosphere if an accident were to occur
during the launch phase of the mission, leading to the general
adoption of photovoltaic systems.
As compared to solar cells, wind turbines have a great advantage
on Mars, as they can continuously produce power both during dust
storms and at night-time: this paper focuses on the potential of a wind
energy conversion system (WECS) considering the atmospheric
conditions on Mars. Wind potential on Martian surface has been
estimated, as well as the average energy requirements of a Martian
probe or surface rover. Finally, the expected daily energy output of
the WECS has been computed on the basis of both the swept area of
the rotor and the equivalent wind speed at the landing site.
Abstract: We consider linear regression models where both input data (the values of independent variables) and output data (the observations of the dependent variable) are interval-censored. We introduce a possibilistic generalization of the least squares estimator, so called OLS-set for the interval model. This set captures the impact of the loss of information on the OLS estimator caused by interval censoring and provides a tool for quantification of this effect. We study complexity-theoretic properties of the OLS-set. We also deal with restricted versions of the general interval linear regression model, in particular the crisp input – interval output model. We give an argument that natural descriptions of the OLS-set in the crisp input – interval output cannot be computed in polynomial time. Then we derive easily computable approximations for the OLS-set which can be used instead of the exact description. We illustrate the approach by an example.
Abstract: Policies that support entrepreneurship are keys to the
generation of new business. In Brazil, seed capital, installation of
technology parks, programs and zero interest financing, economic
subsidy as Program First Innovative Company (PRIME) are
examples of incentive policies. For the implementation of PRIME, in
particular the Brazilian Innovation Agency (FINEP) decentralized
operationalization so that business incubators could select innovative
projects. This paper analyzes the program PRIME Business Incubator
Center of the State of Sergipe (CISE) after calculating the mean and
standard deviation of the grades obtained by companies in the factors
of innovation, market potential, financial return economic, market
strategy and staff and application of the Mann-Whitney test.
Abstract: Electromyography (EMG) is the study of muscles function through analysis of electrical activity produced from muscles. This electrical activity which is displayed in the form of signal is the result of neuromuscular activation associated with muscle contraction. The most common techniques of EMG signal recording are by using surface and needle/wire electrode where the latter is usually used for interest in deep muscle. This paper will focus on surface electromyogram (SEMG) signal. During SEMG recording, several problems had to been countered such as noise, motion artifact and signal instability. Thus, various signal processing techniques had been implemented to produce a reliable signal for analysis. SEMG signal finds broad application particularly in biomedical field. It had been analyzed and studied for various interests such as neuromuscular disease, enhancement of muscular function and human-computer interface.
Abstract: The nature of adsorbed species on catalytic surface
over an industrial precipitated iron-based high temperature catalyst
during FTS was investigated by in-situ DRIFTS and chemical
trapping. The formulation of the mechanism of oxygenates formation
and key intermediates were also discussed. Numerous oxygenated
precursors and crucial intermediates were found by in-situ DRIFTS,
such as surface acetate, acetyl and methoxide. The results showed that
adsorbed molecules on surface such as methanol or acetaldehyde
could react with basic sites such as lattice oxygen or free surface
hydroxyls. Adsorbed molecules also had reactivity of oxidizing.
Moreover, acetyl as a key intermediate for oxygenates was observed
by investigation of CH3OH + CO and CH3I + CO + H2. Based on the
nature of surface properties, the mechanism of oxygenates formation
on precipitated iron-based high temperature catalyst was discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the novel graphical approach for
stability analysis of multi induction motor drive controlled by a single
inverter. Stability issue arises in parallel connected induction motors
under unbalanced load conditions. The two powerful globally
accepted modeling and simulation software packages such as
MATLAB and LabVIEW are selected to perform the stability
analysis. The stability investigation is performed for different load
conditions and difference in stator and rotor resistances among the
two motors. It is very simple and effective than the techniques
presented to obtain the stability of the parallel connected induction
motor drive under unbalanced load conditions. Approximate transfer
functions are considered to model the induction motors, load
dynamics, speed controllers and inverter. Simulink library tools are
utilized to model the entire drive scheme in MATLAB. Stability
study is discussed in LabVIEW using control design and simulation
toolkits. Simulation results are illustrated for various running
conditions to demonstrate the effectiveness of the transfer function
method.
Abstract: In this paper we consider a one-dimensional random
geometric graph process with the inter-nodal gaps evolving according
to an exponential AR(1) process. The transition probability matrix
and stationary distribution are derived for the Markov chains concerning
connectivity and the number of components. We analyze the
algorithm for hitting time regarding disconnectivity. In addition to
dynamical properties, we also study topological properties for static
snapshots. We obtain the degree distributions as well as asymptotic
precise bounds and strong law of large numbers for connectivity
threshold distance and the largest nearest neighbor distance amongst
others. Both exact results and limit theorems are provided in this
paper.
Abstract: The proximate composition, physical traits and
sensory properties of beef and chicken patties incorporated with
various level of dried cornsilk (Maydis stigma) were studied. The
beef and chicken patties were formulated with either 2%, 4% or 6%
of cornsilk. Both cooked beef and chicken patties incorporated with
6% cornsilk recorded the highest protein concentration at 23.3% and
28.42%, respectively. Both cooked beef and chicken patties
containing 6% cornsilk significantly recorded the lowest
concentration of fat at 11.4% and 14.60%, respectively. Beef and
chicken patties formulated with 6% cornsilk recorded the highest
cooking yield at 80.13% and 83.03% compared to other treatments.
The inclusion of cornsilk did not change the sensory properties and
consumer acceptability of cornsilk-based beef and chicken patties.
Cornsilk fibre has been effective in improving cooking yield,
moisture and fat retention of beef and chicken patties
Abstract: The main purpose of this research is the calculation of implicit prices of the environmental level of air quality in the city of Moscow on the basis of housing property prices. The database used contains records of approximately 20 thousand apartments and has been provided by a leading real estate agency operating in Russia. The explanatory variables include physical characteristics of the houses, environmental (industry emissions), neighbourhood sociodemographic and geographic data: GPS coordinates of each house. The hedonic regression results for ecological variables show «negative» prices while increasing the level of air contamination from such substances as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and particles (CO, NO2, SO2, TSP). The marginal willingness to pay for higher environmental quality is presented for linear and log-log models.
Abstract: The shortest path routing problem is a multiobjective
nonlinear optimization problem with constraints. This problem has
been addressed by considering Quality of service parameters, delay
and cost objectives separately or as a weighted sum of both
objectives. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms can find multiple
pareto-optimal solutions in one single run and this ability makes them
attractive for solving problems with multiple and conflicting
objectives. This paper uses an elitist multiobjective evolutionary
algorithm based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm
(NSGA), for solving the dynamic shortest path routing problem in
computer networks. A priority-based encoding scheme is proposed
for population initialization. Elitism ensures that the best solution
does not deteriorate in the next generations. Results for a sample test
network have been presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the
proposed approach to generate well-distributed pareto-optimal
solutions of dynamic routing problem in one single run. The results
obtained by NSGA are compared with single objective weighting
factor method for which Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied.
Abstract: The mechanical behavior of porous media is governed by the interaction between its solid skeleton and the fluid existing inside its pores. The interaction occurs through the interface of gains and fluid. The traditional analysis methods of porous media, based on the effective stress and Darcy's law, are unable to account for these interactions. For an accurate analysis, the porous media is represented in a fluid-filled porous solid on the basis of the Biot theory of wave propagation in poroelastic media. In Biot formulation, the equations of motion of the soil mixture are coupled with the global mass balance equations to describe the realistic behavior of porous media. Because of irregular geometry, the domain is generally treated as an assemblage of fmite elements. In this investigation, the numerical formulation for the field equations governing the dynamic response of fluid-saturated porous media is analyzed and employed for the study of transient wave motion. A finite element model is developed and implemented into a computer code called DYNAPM for dynamic analysis of porous media. The weighted residual method with 8-node elements is used for developing of a finite element model and the analysis is carried out in the time domain considering the dynamic excitation and gravity loading. Newmark time integration scheme is developed to solve the time-discretized equations which are an unconditionally stable implicit method Finally, some numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy and capability of developed model for a wide variety of behaviors of porous media.
Abstract: The growth of the aquaculture industry has been
associated with negative environmental impacts through the
discharge of raw effluents into the adjacent receiving water bodies.
Macrophytes from natural saline lakes, which have adaptability to the
high salinity, can be suitable for saline effluent treatment. Eight
emergent species from natural saline area were planted in an
experimental gravel bed hydroponic mesocosm (GBH) which was
treated with effluent water from an intensive fish farm using
geothermal water. In order to examine the applicability of the
halophytes in treatment processes, we tested the relative efficacy of
total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), potassium (K), sodium
(Na), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) removal for the saline
wastewater treatment. Four of the eight species, which were
Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, Glyceria maxima, Scirpus
lacustris spp. tabernaemontani could survive and contribute the
experimental treatment.
Abstract: This paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO) based technique for the optimal allocation of Distributed
Generation (DG) units in the power systems. In this paper our aim is
to decide optimal number, type, size and location of DG units for
voltage profile improvement and power loss reduction in distribution
network. Two types of DGs are considered and the distribution load
flow is used to calculate exact loss. Load flow algorithm is combined
appropriately with PSO till access to acceptable results of this
operation. The suggested method is programmed under MATLAB
software. Test results indicate that PSO method can obtain better
results than the simple heuristic search method on the 30-bus and 33-
bus radial distribution systems. It can obtain maximum loss reduction
for each of two types of optimally placed multi-DGs. Moreover,
voltage profile improvement is achieved.
Abstract: Discussion and development of principles of the
uniform nation formation within the limits of the Kazakhstan state
obviously became one of the most pressing questions of the day. The
fact that this question has not been solved "from above" as many
other questions has caused really brisk discussion, shows us increase
of civil consciousness in Kazakhstan society, and also the actuality of
this theme which can be carried in the category of fatal questions. In
any sense, nation building has raised civil society to a much higher
level. It would be better to begin with certain definitions. First is the
word "nation". The second is the "state". Both of these terms are very
closely connected with each other, so that in English language they
are in general synonyms. In Russian more shades of these terms
exist. For example in Kazakhstan the citizens of the country
irrespective of nationality (but mainly with reference to non-kazakhs)
are called «kazakhstanians», while the name of the title nation is
\"Kazakhs\". The same we can see in Russia, where, for example, the
Chechen or the Yakut –are \"Rossiyane\" which means “the citizens
of Russian Federation, but not \"Russians\".
The paper was written under the research project “Islam in modern
Kazakhstan: the nature and outcome of the religious revival”.
Abstract: Most of the real queuing systems include special properties and constraints, which can not be analyzed directly by using the results of solved classical queuing models. Lack of Markov chains features, unexponential patterns and service constraints, are the mentioned conditions. This paper represents an applied general algorithm for analysis and optimizing the queuing systems. The algorithm stages are described through a real case study. It is consisted of an almost completed non-Markov system with limited number of customers and capacities as well as lots of common exception of real queuing networks. Simulation is used for optimizing this system. So introduced stages over the following article include primary modeling, determining queuing system kinds, index defining, statistical analysis and goodness of fit test, validation of model and optimizing methods of system with simulation.
Abstract: Innovations in technology have created new ethical
challenges. Essential use of electronic communication in the
workplace has escalated at an astronomical rate over the past decade.
As such, legal and ethical dilemmas confronted by both the employer
and the employee concerning managerial control and ownership of einformation
have increased dramatically in the USA. From the
employer-s perspective, ownership and control of all information
created for the workplace is an undeniable source of economic
advantage and must be monitored zealously. From the perspective of
the employee, individual rights, such as privacy, freedom of speech,
and freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, continue to be
stalwart legal guarantees that employers are not legally or ethically
entitled to abridge in the workplace. These issues have been the
source of great debate and the catalyst for legal reform. The fine line
between ethical and legal has been complicated by emerging
technologies. This manuscript will identify and discuss a number of
specific legal and ethical issues raised by the dynamic electronic
workplace and conclude with suggestions that employers should
follow to respect the delicate balance between employees- legal
rights to privacy and the employer's right to protect its knowledge
systems and infrastructure.
Abstract: Increase in globalization of capital markets brings the
higher requirements on financial information provided for investors
who look for a highly comparable information. Paper deals with the
advantages and limitations of applying International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the Czech Republic and Ukraine. As a
greatest limit for full adoption of IFRS shall be acknowledged the
strong connection of continental accounting to tax system and
enormous high administrative burden for IFRS appliers.