Abstract: Sample of CsAg2I3 was prepared by solid state reaction. Then, microstructure parameters of this sample have been determined using wide angle X-ray scattering WAXS method. As well as, Cell parameters of crystal structure have been refined using CHEKCELL program. This analysis states that the lattice intrinsic strainof the sample is so small and the crystal size is on the order of 559Å.
Abstract: The fundamental objective of the university is to
genuinely provide a higher education to mankind and society. Higher
education institutions earn billions of dollars in research funds, granted
by national government or related institutions, which literally came
from taxpayers. Everyday universities consume those grants; in return,
provide society with a human resource and research developments.
However, not all taxpayers have their major concerns on those
researches, other than that they are more curiously to see the project
being build tangibly and evidently to certify what they pay for. This
paper introduces the concept of University – Community Business
Continuity Management for Disaster – Resilient City, which modified
the concept of Business Continuity Management (BCM) toward
university community to create advancing collaboration leading to the
disaster – resilient community and city. This paper focuses on
describing in details the backgrounds and principles of the concept and
discussing the advantages and limitations of the concept.
Abstract: In this paper we present a new method for coin
identification. The proposed method adopts a hybrid scheme using
Eigenvalues of covariance matrix, Circular Hough Transform (CHT)
and Bresenham-s circle algorithm. The statistical and geometrical
properties of the small and large Eigenvalues of the covariance
matrix of a set of edge pixels over a connected region of support are
explored for the purpose of circular object detection. Sparse matrix
technique is used to perform CHT. Since sparse matrices squeeze
zero elements and contain only a small number of non-zero elements,
they provide an advantage of matrix storage space and computational
time. Neighborhood suppression scheme is used to find the valid
Hough peaks. The accurate position of the circumference pixels is
identified using Raster scan algorithm which uses geometrical
symmetry property. After finding circular objects, the proposed
method uses the texture on the surface of the coins called texton,
which are unique properties of coins, refers to the fundamental micro
structure in generic natural images. This method has been tested on
several real world images including coin and non-coin images. The
performance is also evaluated based on the noise withstanding
capability.
Abstract: This paper presents an integrated knowledge-based
approach to multi-scale modeling of aquatic systems, with a view to
enhancing predictive power and aiding environmental management
and policy-making. The basic phases of this approach have been
exemplified in the case of a bay in Saronicos Gulf (Attiki, Greece).
The results showed a significant problem with rising phytoplankton
blooms linked to excessive microbial growth, arisen mostly due to
increased nitrogen inflows; therefore, the nitrification/denitrification
processes of the benthic and water column sub-systems have
provided the quality variables to be monitored for assessing
environmental status. It is thereby demonstrated that the proposed
approach facilitates modeling choices and implementation option
decisions, while it provides substantial support for knowledge and
experience capitalization in long-term water management.
Abstract: Classification is one of the primary themes in
computational biology. The accuracy of classification strongly
depends on quality of a dataset, and we need some method to
evaluate this quality. In this paper, we propose a new graphical
analysis method using 'Membership-Deviation Graph (MDG)' for
analyzing quality of a dataset. MDG represents degree of
membership and deviations for instances of a class in the dataset. The
result of MDG analysis is used for understanding specific feature and
for selecting best feature for classification.
Abstract: In this paper in consideration of each available
techniques deficiencies for speech recognition, an advanced method
is presented that-s able to classify speech signals with the high
accuracy (98%) at the minimum time. In the presented method, first,
the recorded signal is preprocessed that this section includes
denoising with Mels Frequency Cepstral Analysis and feature
extraction using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients; Then
these features are fed to Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network for
classification. Finally, after training of neural network effective
features are selected with UTA algorithm.
Abstract: Rockfall is a kind of irregular geological disaster. Its
destruction time, space and movements are highly random. The impact
force is determined by the way and velocity rocks move. The
movement velocity of a rockfall depends on slope gradient of its
moving paths, height, slope surface roughness and rock shapes. For
effectively mitigate and prevent disasters brought by rockfalls, it is
required to precisely calculate the moving paths of a rockfall so as to
provide the best protective design. This paper applies Colorado
Rockfall Simulation Program (CRSP) as our study tool to discuss the
impact of slope shape and surface roughness on the moving paths of a
single rockfall. The analytical results showed that the slope, m=1:1,
acted as the threshold for rockfall bounce height on a monoclinal slight
slope. When JRC ´╝£ 1.2, movement velocity reduced and bounce
height increased as JCR increased. If slope fixed and JRC increased,
the bounce height of rocks increased gradually with reducing
movement velocity. Therefore, the analysis on the moving paths of
rockfalls with CRSP could simulate bouncing of falling rocks. By
analyzing moving paths, velocity, and bounce height of falling rocks,
we could effectively locate impact points of falling rocks on a slope.
Such analysis can be served as a reference for future disaster
prevention and control.
Abstract: In this paper we will develop further the sequential life test approach presented in a previous article by [1] using an underlying two parameter Inverse Weibull sampling distribution. The location parameter or minimum life will be considered equal to zero. Once again we will provide rules for making one of the three possible decisions as each observation becomes available; that is: accept the null hypothesis H0; reject the null hypothesis H0; or obtain additional information by making another observation. The product being analyzed is a new electronic component. There is little information available about the possible values the parameters of the corresponding Inverse Weibull underlying sampling distribution could have.To estimate the shape and the scale parameters of the underlying Inverse Weibull model we will use a maximum likelihood approach for censored failure data. A new example will further develop the proposed sequential life testing approach.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the security issues
that significantly affect the performance of Mobile Adhoc Networks
(MANET)and limit the services provided to their intended users. The
MANETs are more vulnerable to Distributed Denial of Service
attacks (DDoS) because of their properties like shared medium,
dynamic topologies etc. A DDoS attack is a coordinated attempt
made by malicious users to flood the victim network with the large
amount of data such that the resources of the victim network are
exhausted resulting in the deterioration of the network performance.
This paper highlights the effects of different types of DDoS attacks
in MANETs and categorizes them according to their behavior.
Abstract: Recently, a growing interest has emerged on the
development of new and efficient energy sources, due to the inevitable extinction of the nonrenewable energy reserves. One of
these alternative sources which has a great potential and sustainability to meet up the energy demand is biomass energy. This
significant energy source can be utilized with various energy
conversion technologies, one of which is biomass gasification in
supercritical water.
Water, being the most important solvent in nature, has very important characteristics as a reaction solvent under supercritical
circumstances. At temperatures above its critical point (374.8oC and
22.1 MPa), water becomes more acidic and its diffusivity increases.
Working with water at high temperatures increases the thermal
reaction rate, which in consequence leads to a better dissolving of the
organic matters and a fast reaction with oxygen. Hence, supercritical water offers a control mechanism depending on solubility, excellent
transport properties based on its high diffusion ability and new reaction possibilities for hydrolysis or oxidation.
In this study the gasification of a real biomass, namely olive mill
wastewater (OMW), in supercritical water is investigated with the
use of Pt/Al2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. OMW is a by-product
obtained during olive oil production, which has a complex nature
characterized by a high content of organic compounds and
polyphenols. These properties impose OMW a significant pollution
potential, but at the same time, the high content of organics makes
OMW a desirable biomass candidate for energy production.
All of the catalytic gasification experiments were made with five
different reaction temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550 and 600°C),
under a constant pressure of 25 MPa. For the experiments conducted
with Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, the effect of five reaction times (30, 60, 90,
120 and 150 s) was investigated. However, procuring that similar
gasification efficiencies could be obtained at shorter times, the experiments were made by using different reaction times (10, 15, 20,
25 and 30 s) for the case of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Through these experiments, the effects of temperature, time and catalyst type on the
gasification yields and treatment efficiencies were investigated.
Abstract: The primary education system in Indonesia involved the community recognized as the school committee, to take a part in the process of achieving the quality of education via the school facility performance, the low level of school committee involvement in the education system has become the issue in the development of education and reflected to the quality of education. This paper will discuss the conceptual framework and methodology for the performance of school committees within the management of school facilities in Batubara district of Indonesia. The concepts of Community based Facility Management (CbFM) and Logometrix are used as a basis to measure the school committee performance in order to address the needs of quality school management. The data will be taken from questionnaires distributed for those who work and use school facilities spread over seven sub district of Batubara, Indonesia. The result of this study is expected to provide a guide for evaluating the performance of existing school committee in improving the quality of education in Indonesia.
Abstract: In the real application of active control systems to
mitigate the response of structures subjected to sever external
excitations such as earthquake and wind induced vibrations, since the
capacity of actuators is limited then the actuators saturate. Hence, in
designing controllers for linear and nonlinear structures under sever
earthquakes, the actuator saturation should be considered as a
constraint. In this paper optimal design of active controllers for
nonlinear structures by considering the actuator saturation has been
studied. To this end a method has been proposed based on defining
an optimization problem which considers the minimizing of the
maximum displacement of the structure as objective when a limited
capacity for actuator has been used as a constraint in optimization
problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a
single degree of freedom (SDF) structure with a bilinear hysteretic
behavior has been simulated under a white noise ground acceleration
of different amplitudes. Active tendon control mechanism, comprised
of pre-stressed tendons and an actuator, and extended nonlinear
Newmark method based instantaneous optimal control algorithm
have been used as active control mechanism and algorithm. To
enhance the efficiency of the controllers, the weights corresponding
to displacement, velocity, acceleration and control force in the
performance index have been found by using the Distributed Genetic
Algorithm (DGA). According to the results it has been concluded
that the proposed method has been effective in considering the
actuator saturation in designing optimal controllers for nonlinear
frames. Also it has been shown that the actuator capacity and the
average value of required control force are two important factors in
designing nonlinear controllers for considering the actuator
saturation.
Abstract: The Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) can be
generalized into a nonlinear form - kernel LDA (KLDA) expediently
by using the kernel functions. But KLDA is often referred to a general
eigenvalue problem in singular case. To avoid this complication, this
paper proposes an iterative algorithm for the two-class KLDA. The
proposed KLDA is used as a nonlinear discriminant classifier, and the
experiments show that it has a comparable performance with SVM.
Abstract: The successful use of CDMA technology is based on
the construction of large families of encoding sequences with good
correlation properties. This paper discusses PN sequence generation
based on Residue Arithmetic with an effort to improve the performance
of existing interference-limited CDMA technology for mobile
cellular systems. All spreading codes with residual number system
proposed earlier did not consider external interferences, multipath
propagation, Doppler effect etc. In literature the use of residual
arithmetic in DS-CDMA was restricted to encoding of already spread
sequence; where spreading of sequence is done by some existing
techniques. The novelty of this paper is the use of residual number
system in generation of the PN sequences which is used to spread
the message signal. The significance of cross-correlation factor in
alleviating multi-access interference is also discussed. The RNS based
PN sequence has superior performance than most of the existing
codes that are widely used in DS-CDMA applications. Simulation
results suggest that the performance of the proposed system is
superior to many existing systems.
Abstract: Significant changes in oil and gas drilling have
emphasized the need to verify the integrity and reliability of drill
stem components. Defects are inevitable in cast components,
regardless of application; but if these defects go undetected, any
severe defect could cause down-hole failure.
One such defect is shrinkage porosity. Castings with lower level
shrinkage porosity (CB levels 1 and 2) have scattered pores and do
not occupy large volumes; so pressure testing and helium leak testing
(HLT) are sufficient for qualifying the castings. However, castings
with shrinkage porosity of CB level 3 and higher, behave erratically
under pressure testing and HLT making these techniques insufficient
for evaluating the castings- integrity.
This paper presents a case study to highlight how the radiography
technique is much more effective than pressure testing and HLT.
Abstract: Due to the non- intuitive nature of Quantum
algorithms, it becomes difficult for a classically trained person to
efficiently construct new ones. So rather than designing new
algorithms manually, lately, Genetic algorithms (GA) are being
implemented for this purpose. GA is a technique to automatically
solve a problem using principles of Darwinian evolution. This has
been implemented to explore the possibility of evolving an n-qubit
circuit when the circuit matrix has been provided using a set of
single, two and three qubit gates. Using a variable length population
and universal stochastic selection procedure, a number of possible
solution circuits, with different number of gates can be obtained for
the same input matrix during different runs of GA. The given
algorithm has also been successfully implemented to obtain two and
three qubit Boolean circuits using Quantum gates. The results
demonstrate the effectiveness of the GA procedure even when the
search spaces are large.
Abstract: With the rapid expansion of city scale and the
excessive concentration of population, achieving relative equality of
extracurricular education resources and improving spatial service
performance of relevant facilities become necessary arduous tasks. In
urban space, extracurricular education facilities should offer better
service to its targeted area and promote the equality and efficiency of
education, which is accomplished by the allocation of facilities. Based
on questionnaire and survey for local students in Hangzhou City in
2009, this study classifies extracurricular education facilities in
meg-city and defines the equalization of these facilities. Then it is
suggested to establish extracurricular education facilities system
according to the development level of city and demands of local
students, and to introduce a spatial analysis method into urban
planning through the aspects of spatial distribution, travel cost and
spatial service scope. Finally, the practice of nine sub-districts of
Hangzhou is studied.
Abstract: The present paper considers the steady free
convection boundary layer flow of a viscoelastics fluid with constant
temperature in the presence of heat generation. The boundary layer
equations are an order higher than those for the Newtonian (viscous)
fluid and the adherence boundary conditions are insufficient to
determine the solution of these equations completely. The governing
boundary layer equations are first transformed into non-dimensional
form by using special dimensionless group. Computations are
performed numerically by using Keller-box method by augmenting
an extra boundary condition at infinity and the results are displayed
graphically to illustrate the influence of viscoelastic K, heat
generation γ , and Prandtl Number, Pr parameters on the velocity
and temperature profiles. The results of the surface shear stress in
terms of the local skin friction and the surface rate of heat transfer in
terms of the local Nusselt number for a selection of the heat
generation parameterγ (=0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) are obtained and
presented in both tabular and graphical formats. Without effect of the
internal heat generation inside the fluid domain for which we take
γ = 0.0, the present numerical results show an excellent agreement
with previous publication.
Abstract: Thailand is the agriculture country as the weather and geography are suitable for agriculture environment. In 2011, the quantity of exported fresh vegetable was 126,069 tons which valued 117.1 million US dollars. Although the fresh vegetable has a high potential in exporting, there also have a lack of knowledge such as chemical usage, land usage, marketing and also the transportation and logistics. Nakorn Pathom province is the area which the farmer and manufacturer of fresh vegetable located. The objectives of this study are to study the basic information of the local fresh vegetable farmers in Nakorn Pathom province, to study the factor which effects the management of the fresh vegetable supply chain in Nakorn Pathom province and to study the problems and obstacle of the fresh vegetable supply chain in Nakorn Pathom province. This study is limited to the flow of the Nakorn Pathom province fresh vegetable from the farmers to the country which import the vegetable from Thailand. The populations of this study are 100 local farmers in Nakorn Pathom province. The result of this study shows that the key process of the fresh vegetable supply chain is in the supply sourcing process and manufacturing process.
Abstract: We present a white LED-based optical wireless
communication systems for indoor ubiquitous sensor networks. Each
sensor node could access to the server through the PLC (Power Line
Communication)-Ethernet interface. The proposed system offers a
full-duplex wireless link by using different wavelengths to reduce the
inter-symbol interference between uplink and downlink. Through the
1-to-n optical wireless sensor network and PLC modem, the mobile
terminals send a temperature data to server. The data transmission
speed and distance are 115.2kbps and about 60cm, respectively.