Abstract: This paper presents a procedure of forming the
mathematical model of radial electric power systems for simulation
of both transient and steady-state conditions. The research idea has
been based on nodal voltages technique and on differentiation of
Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) applied to each non-reference node of
the radial system, the result of which the nodal voltages has been
calculated by solving a system of algebraic equations. Currents of the
electric power system components have been determined by solving
their respective differential equations. Transforming the three-phase
coordinate system into Cartesian coordinate system in the model
decreased the overall number of equations by one third. The use of
Cartesian coordinate system does not ignore the DC component
during transient conditions, but restricts the model's implementation
for symmetrical modes of operation only. An example of the input
data for a four-bus radial electric power system has been calculated.
Abstract: The logistical requirements placed on industrial manufacturing companies are steadily increasing. In order to meet those requirements, a consistent and efficient concept is necessary for production control. Set up properly, production control offers considerable potential with respect to achieving the logistical targets. As experience with the many production control methods already in existence and their compatibility is, however, often inadequate, this article describes a systematic approach to the configuration of production control based on the Lödding model. This model enables production control to be set up individually to suit a company and the requirements. It therefore permits today-s demands regarding logistical performance to be met.
Abstract: The agriculture lignocellulosic by-products are receiving increased attention, namely in the search for filter materials that retain contaminants from water. These by-products, specifically almond and hazelnut shells are abundant in Portugal once almond and hazelnuts production is a local important activity. Hazelnut and almond shells have as main constituents lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, water soluble extractives and tannins. Along the adsorption of heavy metals from contaminated waters, water soluble compounds can leach from shells and have a negative impact in the environment. Usually, the chemical characterization of treated water by itself may not show environmental impact caused by the discharges when parameters obey to legal quality standards for water. Only biological systems can detect the toxic effects of the water constituents. Therefore, the evaluation of toxicity by biological tests is very important when deciding the suitability for safe water discharge or for irrigation applications.
The main purpose of the present work was to assess the potential impacts of waters after been treated for heavy metal removal by hazelnut and almond shells adsorption systems, with short term acute toxicity tests.
To conduct the study, water at pH 6 with 25 mg.L-1 of lead, was treated with 10 g of shell per litre of wastewater, for 24 hours. This procedure was followed for each bark. Afterwards the water was collected for toxicological assays; namely bacterial resistance, seed germination, Lemna minor L. test and plant grow. The effect in isolated bacteria strains was determined by disc diffusion method and the germination index of seed was evaluated using lettuce, with temperature and humidity germination control for 7 days. For aquatic higher organism, Lemnas were used with 4 days contact time with shell solutions, in controlled light and temperature. For terrestrial higher plants, biomass production was evaluated after 14 days of tomato germination had occurred in soil, with controlled humidity, light and temperature.
Toxicity tests of water treated with shells revealed in some extent effects in the tested organisms, with the test assays showing a close behaviour as the control, leading to the conclusion that its further utilization may not be considered to create a serious risk to the environment.
Abstract: With the development of ubiquitous computing,
current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen
are not sufficient. Due to the limitation of these devices the useable
command set is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is
an attractive method for providing natural Human Computer
Interaction which has evolved from text-based interfaces through 2D
graphical-based interfaces, multimedia-supported interfaces, to fully
fledged multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems.
Imagine the human-computer interaction of the future: A 3Dapplication
where you can move and rotate objects simply by moving
and rotating your hand - all without touching any input device. In this
paper a review of vision based hand gesture recognition is presented.
The existing approaches are categorized into 3D model based
approaches and appearance based approaches, highlighting their
advantages and shortcomings and identifying the open issues.
Abstract: Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) is considered the most complex combining technique as it requires channel coefficients estimation. It results in the lowest bit error rate (BER) compared to all other combining techniques. However the BER starts to deteriorate as errors are introduced in the channel coefficients estimation. A novel combining technique, termed Generalized Maximal Ratio Combining (GMRC) with a polynomial kernel, yields an identical BER as MRC with perfect channel estimation and a lower BER in the presence of channel estimation errors. We show that GMRC outperforms the optimal MRC scheme in general and we hereinafter introduce it to the scientific community as a new “supraoptimal" algorithm. Since diversity combining is especially effective in small femto- and pico-cells, internet-associated wireless peripheral systems are to benefit most from GMRC. As a result, many spinoff applications can be made to IP-based 4th generation networks.
Abstract: The work presented in this paper focus on Knowledge Management services enabling CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) applications to provide an appropriate adaptation to the user and the situation in which the user is working. In this paper, we explain how a knowledge management system can be designed to support users in different situations exploiting contextual data, users' preferences, and profiles of involved artifacts (e.g., documents, multimedia files, mockups...). The presented work roots in the experience we had in the MILK project and early steps made in the MAIS project.
Abstract: this paper aims to provide an approach to predict the
performance of the product produced after multi-stages of
manufacturing processes, as well as the assembly. Such approach
aims to control and subsequently identify the relationship between
the process inputs and outputs so that a process engineer can more
accurately predict how the process output shall perform based on the
system inputs. The approach is guided by a six-sigma methodology to
obtain improved performance.
In this paper a case study of the manufacture of a hermetic
reciprocating compressor is presented. The application of artificial
neural networks (ANNs) technique is introduced to improve
performance prediction within this manufacturing environment. The
results demonstrate that the approach predicts accurately and
effectively.
Abstract: Today, Genetic Algorithm has been used to solve
wide range of optimization problems. Some researches conduct on
applying Genetic Algorithm to text classification, summarization
and information retrieval system in text mining process. This
researches show a better performance due to the nature of Genetic
Algorithm. In this paper a new algorithm for using Genetic
Algorithm in concept weighting and topic identification, based on
concept standard deviation will be explored.
Abstract: The Emergency Department of a medical center in
Taiwan cooperated to conduct the research. A predictive model of
triage system is contracted from the contract procedure, selection of
parameters to sample screening. 2,000 pieces of data needed for the
patients is chosen randomly by the computer. After three
categorizations of data mining (Multi-group Discriminant Analysis,
Multinomial Logistic Regression, Back-propagation Neural
Networks), it is found that Back-propagation Neural Networks can
best distinguish the patients- extent of emergency, and the accuracy
rate can reach to as high as 95.1%. The Back-propagation Neural
Networks that has the highest accuracy rate is simulated into the triage
acuity expert system in this research. Data mining applied to the
predictive model of the triage acuity expert system can be updated
regularly for both the improvement of the system and for education
training, and will not be affected by subjective factors.
Abstract: Two-interconnected fluidized bed systems are widely used in various processes such as Fisher-Tropsch, hot gas desulfurization, CO2 capture-regeneration with dry sorbent, chemical-looping combustion, sorption enhanced steam methane reforming, chemical-looping hydrogen generation system, and so on. However, most of two-interconnected fluidized beds systems require riser and/or pneumatic transport line for solid conveying and loopseals or seal-pots for gas sealing, recirculation of solids to the riser, and maintaining of pressure balance. The riser (transport bed) is operated at the high velocity fluidization condition and residence times of gas and solid in the riser are very short. If the reaction rate of catalyst or sorbent is slow, the riser can not ensure sufficient contact time between gas and solid and we have to use two bubbling beds for each reaction to ensure sufficient contact time. In this case, additional riser must be installed for solid circulation. Consequently, conventional two-interconnected fluidized bed systems are very complex, large, and difficult to operate. To solve these problems, a novel two-interconnected fluidized bed system has been developed. This system has two bubbling beds, solid injection nozzles, solid conveying lines, and downcomers. In this study, effects of operating variables on solid circulation rate, gas leakage between two beds have been investigated in a cold mode two-interconnected fluidized bed system. Moreover, long-term operation of continuous solid circulation up to 60 hours has been performed to check feasibility of stable operation.
Abstract: Nowadays, new home appliances and office appliances
have been developed that communicate with users through the
Internet, for remote monitor and remote control. However, developments
and sales of these new appliances are just started, then,
many products in our houses and offices do not have these useful
functions. In few years, we add these new functions to the outlet,
it means multifunctional electrical power socket plug adapter. The
outlet measure power consumption of connecting appliances, and it
can switch power supply to connecting appliances, too. Using this
outlet, power supply of old appliances can be control and monitor.
And we developed the interface system using web browser to operate
it from users[1]. But, this system need to set up LAN cables between
outlets and so on. It is not convenience that cables around rooms. In
this paper, we develop the system that use wireless mobile ad hoc
network instead of wired LAN to communicate with the outlets.
Abstract: This paper describes part of a project about Learningby-
Modeling (LbM). Studying complex systems is increasingly
important in teaching and learning many science domains. Many
features of complex systems make it difficult for students to develop
deep understanding. Previous research indicates that involvement
with modeling scientific phenomena and complex systems can play a
powerful role in science learning. Some researchers argue with this
view indicating that models and modeling do not contribute to
understanding complexity concepts, since these increases the
cognitive load on students. This study will investigate the effect of
different modes of involvement in exploring scientific phenomena
using computer simulation tools, on students- mental model from the
perspective of structure, behavior and function. Quantitative and
qualitative methods are used to report about 121 freshmen students
that engaged in participatory simulations about complex phenomena,
showing emergent, self-organized and decentralized patterns. Results
show that LbM plays a major role in students' concept formation
about complexity concepts.
Abstract: The Yasuj city stream named the Beshar supply
water for different usages such as aquaculture farms , drinking,
agricultural and industrial usages. Fish processing plants
,Agricultural farms, waste water of industrial zones and hospitals
waste water which they are generate by human activity produce a
considerable volume of effluent and when they are released in to the
stream they can effect on the water quality and down stream aquatic
systems. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of outflow
effluent from different human activity and point and non point
pollution sources on the water quality and health of the Beshar
river next to Yasuj. Yasuj is the biggest and most important city in
the Kohkiloye and Boyerahmad province . The Beshar River is one
of the most important aquatic ecosystems in the upstream of the
Karun watershed in south of Iran which is affected by point and non
point pollutant sources . This study was done in order to evaluate the
effects of human activities on the water quality and health of the
Beshar river. This river is approximately 190 km in length and
situated at the geographical positions of 51° 20' to 51° 48' E and 30°
18' to 30° 52' N it is one of the most important aquatic ecosystems of
Kohkiloye and Boyerahmad province in south-west Iran. In this
research project, five study stations were selected to examine water
pollution in the Beshar River systems. Human activity is now one of
the most important factors affecting on hydrology and water quality
of the Beshar river. Humans use large amounts of resources to sustain
various standards of living, although measures of sustainability are
highly variable depending on how sustainability is defined. The
Beshar river ecosystems are particularly sensitive and vulnerable to
human activities. The water samples were analyzed, then some
important water quality parameters such as pH, dissolve oxygen
(DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TDS),Turbidity,
Temperature, Nitrates (NO3) and Phosphates (PO4) were estimated
at the two stations. The results show a downward trend in the water
quality at the down stream of the city. The amounts of
BOD5,COD,TSS,T,Turbidity, NO3 and PO4 in the down stream
stations were considerably more than the station 1. By contrast the
amounts of DO in the down stream stations were less than to the
station 1. However when effluent discharge consequence of human
activities are released into the Beshar river near the city, the quality
of river are decreases and the environmental problems of the river
during the next years are predicted to rise.
Abstract: The primary objective of this paper was to construct a
“kinematic parameter-independent modeling of three-axis machine
tools for geometric error measurement" technique. Improving the
accuracy of the geometric error for three-axis machine tools is one of
the machine tools- core techniques. This paper first applied the
traditional method of HTM to deduce the geometric error model for
three-axis machine tools. This geometric error model was related to the
three-axis kinematic parameters where the overall errors was relative
to the machine reference coordinate system. Given that the
measurement of the linear axis in this model should be on the ideal
motion axis, there were practical difficulties. Through a measurement
method consolidating translational errors and rotational errors in the
geometric error model, we simplified the three-axis geometric error
model to a kinematic parameter-independent model. Finally, based on
the new measurement method corresponding to this error model, we
established a truly practical and more accurate error measuring
technique for three-axis machine tools.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the fuzzy contraction
properties of the Hutchinson-Barnsley operator on the fuzzy
hyperspace with respect to the Hausdorff fuzzy metrics. Also we
discuss about the relationships between the Hausdorff fuzzy metrics
on the fuzzy hyperspaces. Our theorems generalize and extend some
recent results related with Hutchinson-Barnsley operator in the metric
spaces.
Abstract: A typical definition of the Computer Aided Diagnosis
(CAD), found in literature, can be: A diagnosis made by a radiologist
using the output of a computerized scheme for automated image
analysis as a diagnostic aid. Often it is possible to find the expression
Computer Aided Detection (CAD or CADe): this definition
emphasizes the intent of CAD to support rather than substitute the
human observer in the analysis of radiographic images. In this article
we will illustrate the application of CAD systems and the aim of
these definitions.
Commercially available CAD systems use computerized
algorithms for identifying suspicious regions of interest. In this paper
are described the general CAD systems as an expert system
constituted of the following components: segmentation / detection,
feature extraction, and classification / decision making.
As example, in this work is shown the realization of a Computer-
Aided Detection system that is able to assist the radiologist in
identifying types of mammary tumor lesions. Furthermore this
prototype of station uses a GRID configuration to work on a large
distributed database of digitized mammographic images.
Abstract: In this work a dual laser triangulation system is presented for fast building of 2.5D textured models of objects within a production line. This scanner is designed to produce data suitable for 3D completeness inspection algorithms. For this purpose two laser projectors have been used in order to considerably reduce the problem of occlusions in the camera movement direction. Results of reconstruction of electronic boards are presented, together with a comparison with a commercial system.
Abstract: Soft clays are defined as cohesive soil whose water
content is higher than its liquid limits. Thus, soil-cement mixing is
adopted to improve the ground conditions by enhancing the strength
and deformation characteristics of the soft clays. For the above
mentioned reasons, a series of laboratory tests were carried out to
study some fundamental mechanical properties of cement stabilized
soft clay. The test specimens were prepared by varying the portion of
ordinary Portland cement to the soft clay sample retrieved from the
test site of RECESS (Research Centre for Soft Soil). Comparisons
were made for both homogeneous and columnar system specimens
by relating the effects of cement stabilized clay of for 0, 5 and 10 %
cement and curing for 3, 28 and 56 days. The mechanical properties
examined included one-dimensional compressibility and undrained
shear strength. For the mechanical properties, both homogeneous and
columnar system specimens were prepared to examine the effect of
different cement contents and curing periods on the stabilized soil.
The one-dimensional compressibility test was conducted using an
oedometer, while a direct shear box was used for measuring the
undrained shear strength. The higher the value of cement content, the
greater is the enhancement of the yield stress and the decrease of
compression index. The value of cement content in a specimen is a
more active parameter than the curing period.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the body
of knowledge in the area of management accounting, particularly
performance measurement systems within the BSC framework, by
investigating empirically the extent of multiple performance
measures usage and their effects on the financial performance of
Jordanian banks in the branches level. Nevertheless, the result of this
study shows that the non-financial measures usages, particularly,
customer oriented indicators and product/ service oriented indicators,
appears to be important as it enhances firm performance.
Remarkably, the findings reveal that there is positive relationship
between the usages of multiple performance measures via overall
BSC measures and financial performance in the branches level.
Abstract: The main goal of the study is to analyze all relevant properties of the electro hydraulic systems and based on that to make a proper choice of the neural network control strategy that may be used for the control of the mechatronic system. A combination of electronic and hydraulic systems is widely used since it combines the advantages of both. Hydraulic systems are widely spread because of their properties as accuracy, flexibility, high horsepower-to-weight ratio, fast starting, stopping and reversal with smoothness and precision, and simplicity of operations. On the other hand, the modern control of hydraulic systems is based on control of the circuit fed to the inductive solenoid that controls the position of the hydraulic valve. Since this circuit may be easily handled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal with a proper frequency, the combination of electrical and hydraulic systems became very fruitful and usable in specific areas as airplane and military industry. The study shows and discusses the experimental results obtained by the control strategy of neural network control using MATLAB and SIMULINK [1]. Finally, the special attention was paid to the possibility of neuro-controller design and its application to control of electro-hydraulic systems and to make comparative with other kinds of control.