Abstract: In large Internet backbones, Service Providers
typically have to explicitly manage the traffic flows in order to
optimize the use of network resources. This process is often referred
to as Traffic Engineering (TE). Common objectives of traffic
engineering include balance traffic distribution across the network
and avoiding congestion hot spots. Raj P H and SVK Raja designed
the Bayesian network approach to identify congestion hors pots in
MPLS. In this approach for every node in the network the
Conditional Probability Distribution (CPD) is specified. Based on
the CPD the congestion hot spots are identified. Then the traffic can
be distributed so that no link in the network is either over utilized or
under utilized. Although the Bayesian network approach has been
implemented in operational networks, it has a number of well known
scaling issues.
This paper proposes a new approach, which we call the Pragati
(means Progress) Node Popularity (PNP) approach to identify the
congestion hot spots with the network topology alone. In the new
Pragati Node Popularity approach, IP routing runs natively over the
physical topology rather than depending on the CPD of each node as
in Bayesian network. We first illustrate our approach with a simple
network, then present a formal analysis of the Pragati Node
Popularity approach. Our PNP approach shows that for any given
network of Bayesian approach, it exactly identifies the same result
with minimum efforts. We further extend the result to a more
generic one: for any network topology and even though the network
is loopy. A theoretical insight of our result is that the optimal routing
is always shortest path routing with respect to some considerations of
hot spots in the networks.
Abstract: The effect of thermally induced stress on the modal
properties of highly elliptical core optical fibers is studied in this
work using a finite element method. The stress analysis is carried out
and anisotropic refractive index change is calculated using both the
conventional plane strain approximation and the generalized plane
strain approach. After considering the stress optical effect, the modal
analysis of the fiber is performed to obtain the solutions of
fundamental and higher order modes. The modal effective index,
modal birefringence, group effective index, group birefringence, and
dispersion of different modes of the fiber are presented. For
propagation properties, it can be seen that the results depend much on
the approach of stress analysis.
Abstract: Nowadays there are lots of applications of power and
free conveyors in logistics. They are the most frequently used
conveyor systems worldwide. Overhead conveyor technologies like
power and free systems are used in the most intra-logistics
applications in trade and industry. The automotive, food, beverage
and textile industry as well as aeronautic catering or engineering are
among the applications. Power and free systems employ different
manufacturing intervals in manufacturing as well as in production as
temporary store and buffer. Depending on the application area, power
and free conveyors are equipped with target controls enabling
complex distribution-and sorting tasks. This article introduces a new
power and free conveyor design in intra-logistics and explains its
components. According to the explanation of the components, a
model is created by means of their technical characteristics. Through
the CAD software, the model is visualized. After that, the static
analysis is evaluated. This analysis helps the calculation of the
mandatory state of structures under force action. This powerful model
helps companies achieve lower development costs as well as quicker
market maturity.
Abstract: Atmospheric plasma is emerging as a promising
technology for many industrial sectors, because of its ecological and
economic advantages respect to the traditional production processes.
For textile industry, atmospheric plasma is becoming a valid
alternative to the conventional wet processes, but the plasma
machines realized so far do not allow the treatment of fibrous
mechanically weak material.
Novel atmospheric plasma machine for industrial applications,
developed by VenetoNanotech SCpA in collaboration with Italian
producer of corona equipment ME.RO SpA is presented. The main
feature of this pre-industrial scale machine is the possibility of the inline
plasma treatment of delicate fibrous substrates such as fibre
sleeves, for example wool tops, cotton fibres, polymeric tows,
mineral fibers and so on, avoiding burnings and disruption of the
faint materials.
Abstract: Overhead conveyor systems satisfy by their simple
construction, wide application range and their full compatibility with
other manufacturing systems, which are designed according to
international standards. Ultra-light overhead conveyor systems are
rope-based conveying systems with individually driven vehicles. The
vehicles can move automatically on the rope and this can be realized
by energy and signals. Crossings are realized by switches. Overhead
conveyor systems are particularly used in the automotive industry but
also at post offices. Overhead conveyor systems always must be
integrated with a logistical process by finding the best way for a
cheaper material flow and in order to guarantee precise and fast
workflows. With their help, any transport can take place without
wasting ground and space, without excessive company capacity, lost
or damaged products, erroneous delivery, endless travels and without
wasting time. Ultra-light overhead conveyor systems provide optimal
material flow, which produces profit and saves time. This article
illustrates the advantages of the structure of the ultra-light overhead
conveyor systems in logistics applications and explains the steps of
their system design. After an illustration of the steps, currently
available systems on the market will be shown by means of their
technical characteristics. Due to their simple construction, demands
to an ultra-light overhead conveyor system will be illustrated.
Abstract: It is hard to percept the interaction process with machines when visual information is not available. In this paper, we have addressed this issue to provide interaction through visual techniques. Posture recognition is done for American Sign Language to recognize static alphabets and numbers. 3D information is exploited to obtain segmentation of hands and face using normal Gaussian distribution and depth information. Features for posture recognition are computed using statistical and geometrical properties which are translation, rotation and scale invariant. Hu-Moment as statistical features and; circularity and rectangularity as geometrical features are incorporated to build the feature vectors. These feature vectors are used to train SVM for classification that recognizes static alphabets and numbers. For the alphabets, curvature analysis is carried out to reduce the misclassifications. The experimental results show that proposed system recognizes posture symbols by achieving recognition rate of 98.65% and 98.6% for ASL alphabets and numbers respectively.
Abstract: In conventional reliability assessment, the reliability data of system components are treated as crisp values. The collected data have some uncertainties due to errors by human beings/machines or any other sources. These uncertainty factors will limit the understanding of system component failure due to the reason of incomplete data. In these situations, we need to generalize classical methods to fuzzy environment for studying and analyzing the systems of interest. Fuzzy set theory has been proposed to handle such vagueness by generalizing the notion of membership in a set. Essentially, in a Fuzzy Set (FS) each element is associated with a point-value selected from the unit interval [0, 1], which is termed as the grade of membership in the set. A Vague Set (VS), as well as an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS), is a further generalization of an FS. Instead of using point-based membership as in FS, interval-based membership is used in VS. The interval-based membership in VS is more expressive in capturing vagueness of data. In the present paper, vague set theory coupled with conventional Lambda-Tau method is presented for reliability analysis of repairable systems. The methodology uses Petri nets (PN) to model the system instead of fault tree because it allows efficient simultaneous generation of minimal cuts and path sets. The presented method is illustrated with the press unit of the paper mill.
Abstract: In this paper, various algorithms for designing quadrature mirror filter are reviewed and a new algorithm is presented for the design of near perfect reconstruction quadrature mirror filter bank. In the proposed algorithm, objective function is formulated using the perfect reconstruction condition or magnitude response condition of prototype filter at frequency (ω = 0.5π) in ideal condition. The cutoff frequency is iteratively changed to adjust the filters coefficients using optimization algorithm. The performances of the proposed algorithm are evaluated in term of computation time, reconstruction error and number of iterations. The design examples illustrate that the proposed algorithm is superior in term of peak reconstruction error, computation time, and number of iterations. The proposed algorithm is simple, easy to implement, and linear in nature.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to develop a new two dimensional time accurate Euler solver for shock tube applications. The solver was developed to study the performance of a newly built short-duration hypersonic test facility at Universiti Tenaga Nasional “UNITEN" in Malaysia. The facility has been designed, built, and commissioned for different values of diaphragm pressure ratios in order to get wide range of Mach number. The developed solver uses second order accurate cell-vertex finite volume spatial discretization and forth order accurate Runge-Kutta temporal integration and it is designed to simulate the flow process for similar driver/driven gases (e.g. air-air as working fluids). The solver is validated against analytical solution and experimental measurements in the high speed flow test facility. Further investigations were made on the flow process inside the shock tube by using the solver. The shock wave motion, reflection and interaction were investigated and their influence on the performance of the shock tube was determined. The results provide very good estimates for both shock speed and shock pressure obtained after diaphragm rupture. Also detailed information on the gasdynamic processes over the full length of the facility is available. The agreements obtained have been reasonable.
Abstract: This paper presented a MATLAB-based system named Smart Access Network Testing, Analyzing and Database (SANTAD), purposely for in-service transmission surveillance and self restoration against fiber fault in fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) access network. The developed program will be installed with optical line terminal (OLT) at central office (CO) to monitor the status and detect any fiber fault that occurs in FTTH downwardly from CO towards residential customer locations. SANTAD is interfaced with optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to accumulate every network testing result to be displayed on a single computer screen for further analysis. This program will identify and present the parameters of each optical fiber line such as the line's status either in working or nonworking condition, magnitude of decreasing at each point, failure location, and other details as shown in the OTDR's screen. The failure status will be delivered to field engineers for promptly actions, meanwhile the failure line will be diverted to protection line to ensure the traffic flow continuously. This approach has a bright prospect to improve the survivability and reliability as well as increase the efficiency and monitoring capabilities in FTTH.
Abstract: Solar energy has a major role in renewable energy
resources. Solar Cell as a basement of solar system has attracted lots
of research. To conduct a study about solar energy system, an
authenticated model is required. Diode base PV models are widely
used by researchers. These models are classified based on the number
of diodes used in them. Single and two-diode models are well
studied. Single-diode models may have two, three or four elements.
In this study, these solar cell models are examined and the simulation
results are compared to each other. All PV models are re-designed in
the Matlab/Simulink software and they examined by certain test
conditions and parameters. This paper provides comparative studies
of these models and it tries to compare the simulation results with
manufacturer-s data sheet to investigate model validity and accuracy.
The results show a four- element single-diode model is accurate and
has moderate complexity in contrast to the two-diode model with
higher complexity and accuracy
Abstract: In this paper, a heuristic method for simultaneous
rescue robot path-planning and mission scheduling is introduced
based on project management techniques, multi criteria decision
making and artificial potential fields path-planning. Groups of
injured people are trapped in a disastrous situation. These people are
categorized into several groups based on the severity of their
situation. A rescue robot, whose ultimate objective is reaching
injured groups and providing preliminary aid for them through a path
with minimum risk, has to perform certain tasks on its way towards
targets before the arrival of rescue team. A decision value is assigned
to each target based on the whole degree of satisfaction of the criteria
and duties of the robot toward the target and the importance of
rescuing each target based on their category and the number of
injured people. The resulted decision value defines the strength of the
attractive potential field of each target. Dangerous environmental
parameters are defined as obstacles whose risk determines the
strength of the repulsive potential field of each obstacle. Moreover,
negative and positive energies are assigned to the targets and
obstacles, which are variable with respects to the factors involved.
The simulation results show that the generated path for two cases
studies with certain differences in environmental conditions and
other risk factors differ considerably.
Abstract: The main objectives of this study are to inspect and
identify any damage of jaimusi highway prestressed concrete bridge
after repair and strengthening of damaged structural members and to
evaluate the performance of the bridge structural members by
adopting static load test. Inspection program after repair and
strengthening includes identifying and evaluating the structural
members of bridge such as T-shape cantilever structure, hanging
beams, corbels, external tendons, anchor beams, sticking steel plate,
and piers. The results of inspection show that the overall state of the
bridge structural member after repair and strengthening is good. The
results of rebound test of concrete strength show that the average
strength of concrete is 46.31Mpa. Whereas, the average value of
concrete strength of anchor beam is 49.82Mpa. According to the
results of static load test, the experimental values are less than
theoretical values of internal forces, deflection, and strain, indicating
that the stiffness of the experimental structure, overall deformation
and integrity satisfy the designed standard and the working
performance is good, and the undertaking capacity has a certain
surplus. There is not visible change in the length and width of cracks
and there are not new cracks under experimental load.
Abstract: The gamma radiation in samples of a variety of
natural tiling rocks (granites) produced and imported in Iran use in
the building industry was measured, employing high-resolution
Gamma-ray spectroscopy. The rock samples were pulverized, sealed
in 0.5 liter plastic Marinelli beakers, and measured in the laboratory
with an accumulating time between 50000 and 80000 second each.
From the measured Gamma-ray spectra, activity concentrations were
determined for 232Th (range from 6.5 to 172.2 Bq kg-1), 238U (from
7.5 to 178.1 Bq kg-1 ),226Ra( from 3.8 to 94.2 Bq kg-1 ) 40K (from
556.9 to 1539.2 Bq kg-1). From the 29 samples measured in this
study, “Nehbndan ( Berjand )" appears to present the highest
concentrations for 232Th,“Big Red Flower (China) "for 238U , “
Khoram dareh" for 226 Ra and “ Peranshahr" for 40K , respectively.
Abstract: Environment today is featured with aging population,
increasing prevalence of chronic disease and complex of medical
treatment. Safe use of pharmaceutics relied very much on the efforts
made by both the health- related organizations and as well as the
government agencies. As far as the specialization concern in providing
health services to the patients, the government actively issued and
implemented the divisions of medical treatment and pharmaceutical to
improve the quality of care and to reduce medication errors and ensure
public health. Pharmaceutical sub-sector policy has been implemented
for 13 years. This study attempts to explore the factors that affect the
patients- behavior intention of refilling a prescription from a NHIB
pharmacy. Samples were those patients refilling their prescriptions
with the case NHIB pharmacies. A self-administered questionnaire
was used to collect respondents- information while the patients or
family members visit the pharmacy for the refilling. 1,200
questionnaires were dispatched in 37 pharmacies that randomly
selected from Pingtung City, Dongkang, Chaozhou, Hengchun areas.
732 responses were gained with 604 valid samples for further analyses.
Results of data analyses indicated that respondents- attitude,
subjective norm, perceived behavior control and behavior intentions
toward refilling behavior varied from some demographic variables to
another. This research also suggested adding actual behavior, either by
a self-report or observed, into the research.
Abstract: This paper discusses the use of explorative data
mining tools that allow the educator to explore new relationships
between reported learning experiences and actual activities,
even if there are multiple dimensions with a large number
of measured items. The underlying technology is based on
the so-called Compendium Platform for Reproducible Computing
(http://www.freestatistics.org) which was built on top the computational
R Framework (http://www.wessa.net).
Abstract: Managing the emergency situations at the Emergency
Staff requires a high co-operation between its members and their fast
decision making. For these purpose it is necessary to prepare Emergency Staff members adequately. The aim of this paper is to
describe the development of information support that focuses to
emergency staff processes and effective decisions. The information
support is based on the principles of process management, and
Process Framework for Emergency Management was used during the
development. The output is the information system that allows users
to simulate an emergency situation, including effective decision making. The system also evaluates the progress of the emergency
processes solving by quantitative and qualitative indicators. By using
the simulator, a higher quality education of specialists can be achieved. Therefore, negative impacts resulting from arising emergency situations can be directly reduced.
Abstract: Basel III (or the Third Basel Accord) is a global
regulatory standard on bank capital adequacy, stress testing and
market liquidity risk agreed upon by the members of the Basel
Committee on Banking Supervision in 2010-2011, and scheduled to
be introduced from 2013 until 2018. Basel III is a comprehensive set
of reform measures. These measures aim to; (1) improve the banking
sector-s ability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic
stress, whatever the source, (2) improve risk management and
governance, (3) strengthen banks- transparency and disclosures.
Similarly the reform target; (1) bank level or micro-prudential,
regulation, which will help raise the resilience of individual banking
institutions to periods of stress. (2) Macro-prudential regulations,
system wide risk that can build up across the banking sector as well
as the pro-cyclical implication of these risks over time. These two
approaches to supervision are complementary as greater resilience at
the individual bank level reduces the risk system wide shocks.
Macroeconomic impact of Basel III; OECD estimates that the
medium-term impact of Basel III implementation on GDP growth is
in the range -0,05 percent to -0,15 percent per year. On the other hand
economic output is mainly affected by an increase in bank lending
spreads as banks pass a rise in banking funding costs, due to higher
capital requirements, to their customers. Consequently the estimated
effects on GDP growth assume no active response from monetary
policy. Basel III impact on economic output could be offset by a
reduction (or delayed increase) in monetary policy rates by about 30
to 80 basis points. The aim of this paper is to create a framework
based on the recent regulations in order to prevent financial crises.
Thus the need to overcome the global financial crisis will contribute
to financial crises that may occur in the future periods. In the first
part of the paper, the effects of the global crisis on the banking
system examine the concept of financial regulations. In the second
part; especially in the financial regulations and Basel III are analyzed.
The last section in this paper explored the possible consequences of
the macroeconomic impacts of Basel III.
Abstract: This paper presents the use of a newly created network
structure known as a Self-Delaying Dynamic Network (SDN) to
create a high resolution image from a set of time stepped input
frames. These SDNs are non-recurrent temporal neural networks
which can process time sampled data. SDNs can store input data
for a lifecycle and feature dynamic logic based connections between
layers. Several low resolution images and one high resolution image
of a scene were presented to the SDN during training by a Genetic
Algorithm. The SDN was trained to process the input frames in order
to recreate the high resolution image. The trained SDN was then used
to enhance a number of unseen noisy image sets. The quality of high
resolution images produced by the SDN is compared to that of high
resolution images generated using Bi-Cubic interpolation. The SDN
produced images are superior in several ways to the images produced
using Bi-Cubic interpolation.
Abstract: A series of microarray experiments produces observations
of differential expression for thousands of genes across multiple
conditions.
Principal component analysis(PCA) has been widely used in
multivariate data analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the data in
order to simplify subsequent analysis and allow for summarization of
the data in a parsimonious manner. PCA, which can be implemented
via a singular value decomposition(SVD), is useful for analysis of
microarray data.
For application of PCA using SVD we use the DNA microarray
data for the small round blue cell tumors(SRBCT) of childhood
by Khan et al.(2001). To decide the number of components which
account for sufficient amount of information we draw scree plot.
Biplot, a graphic display associated with PCA, reveals important
features that exhibit relationship between variables and also the
relationship of variables with observations.