Abstract: At present, the cascade PID control is widely used to
control the superheating temperature (main steam temperature). As
Main Steam Temperature has the characteristics of large inertia, large
time-delay and time varying, etc., conventional PID control strategy
cannot achieve good control performance. In order to overcome the
bad performance and deficiencies of main steam temperature control
system, Model Free Adaptive Control (MFAC) - P cascade control
system is proposed in this paper. By substituting MFAC in PID of the
main control loop of the main steam temperature control, it can
overcome time delays, non-linearity, disturbance and time variation.
Abstract: Living today in turbulent business environment forces
companies to distinguish from each other, securing sustainable
competitive growth and competitive advantage. The best possible
solution is to invest (effort and financial resources) within
companies’ different practices of human resource management
(HRM), more specifically in employees’ knowledge, skills and
abilities. Applying this approach companies will create enviable level
of human capital securing its economic growth. Employees become
human capital for their employers at the moment when they
contribute with their own knowledge and abilities in creating material
and non-material value of the company. The main aim of this
research is to explore the relations between human capital
investments and business excellence of Croatian companies.
Furthermore, the differences in the level of human capital
investments with regard to several companies’ characteristics (e.g.
size of the company, ownership and type of the industry) are
investigated.
Abstract: Constructing a portfolio of investments is one of the
most significant financial decisions facing individuals and
institutions. In accordance with the modern portfolio theory
maximization of return at minimal risk should be the investment goal
of any successful investor. In addition, the costs incurred when
setting up a new portfolio or rebalancing an existing portfolio must
be included in any realistic analysis.
In this paper rebalancing an investment portfolio in the presence of
transaction costs on the Croatian capital market is analyzed. The
model applied in the paper is an extension of the standard portfolio
mean-variance optimization model in which transaction costs are
incurred to rebalance an investment portfolio. This model allows
different costs for different securities, and different costs for buying
and selling. In order to find efficient portfolio, using this model, first,
the solution of quadratic programming problem of similar size to the
Markowitz model, and then the solution of a linear programming
problem have to be found. Furthermore, in the paper the impact of
transaction costs on the efficient frontier is investigated. Moreover, it
is shown that global minimum variance portfolio on the efficient
frontier always has the same level of the risk regardless of the amount
of transaction costs. Although efficient frontier position depends of
both transaction costs amount and initial portfolio it can be concluded
that extreme right portfolio on the efficient frontier always contains
only one stock with the highest expected return and the highest risk.
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the possibility of crime
prevention through CCTV by analyzing the appropriateness of the
CCTV location, whether it is installed in the hotspot of crime-prone
areas, and exploring the crime prevention effect and transition effect.
The real crime and CCTV locations of case city were converted into
the spatial data by using GIS. The data was analyzed by hotspot
analysis and weighted displacement quotient (WDQ). As study
methods, it analyzed existing relevant studies for identifying the trends
of CCTV and crime studies based on big data from 1800 to 2014 and
understanding the relation between CCTV and crime. Second, it
investigated the current situation of nationwide CCTVs and analyzed
the guidelines of CCTV installation and operation to draw attention to
the problems and indicating points of CCTV use. Third, it investigated
the crime occurrence in case areas and the current situation of CCTV
installation in the spatial aspects, and analyzed the appropriateness and
effectiveness of CCTV installation to suggest a rational installation of
CCTV and the strategic direction of crime prevention. The results
demonstrate that there was no significant effect in the installation of
CCTV on crime prevention in the case area. This indicates that CCTV
should be installed and managed in a more scientific way reflecting
local crime situations. In terms of CCTV, the methods of spatial
analysis such as GIS, which can evaluate the installation effect, and the
methods of economic analysis like cost-benefit analysis should be
developed. In addition, these methods should be distributed to local
governments across the nation for the appropriate installation of
CCTV and operation. This study intended to find a design guideline of
the optimum CCTV installation. In this regard, this study is
meaningful in that it will contribute to the creation of a safe city.
Abstract: It has become an increasing evident that large
development influences the climate. There are concerns that rising
temperature over developed areas could have negative impact and
increase living discomfort within city boundaries. Temperature trends
in Ibadan city have received little attention, yet the area has
experienced heavy urban expansion between 1972 and 2014. This
research aims at examining the impact of landuse change on surface
temperature knowing that the built-up environment absorb and store
solar energy, resulting into the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The
Landsat imagery was used to examine the landuse change for a
period of 42 years (1972-2014). Land Surface Temperature (LST)
was obtained by converting the thermal band to a surface temperature
map and zonal statistic analyses was used to examine the relationship
between landuse and temperature emission. The results showed that
the settlement area increased to a large extent while the area covered
by vegetation reduced during the study period. The spatial and
temporal trends of surface temperature are related to the gradual
change in urban landuse/landcover and the settlement area has the
highest emission. This research provides useful insight into the
temporal behavior of the Ibadan city.
Abstract: In this paper, an effective non-destructive, noninvasive
approach for leak detection was proposed. The process relies
on analyzing thermal images collected by an IR viewer device that
captures thermo-grams. In this study a statistical analysis of the
collected thermal images of the ground surface along the expected
leak location followed by a visual inspection of the thermo-grams
was performed in order to locate the leak. In order to verify the
applicability of the proposed approach the predicted leak location
from the developed approach was compared with the real leak
location. The results showed that the expected leak location was
successfully identified with an accuracy of more than 95%.
Abstract: Experimental & numeral study of temperature
distribution during milling process, is important in milling quality
and tools life aspects. In the present study the milling cross-section
temperature is determined by using Artificial Neural Networks
(ANN) according to the temperature of certain points of the work
piece and the point specifications and the milling rotational speed of
the blade. In the present work, at first three-dimensional model of the
work piece is provided and then by using the Computational Heat
Transfer (CHT) simulations, temperature in different nods of the
work piece are specified in steady-state conditions. Results obtained
from CHT are used for training and testing the ANN approach. Using
reverse engineering and setting the desired x, y, z and the milling
rotational speed of the blade as input data to the network, the milling
surface temperature determined by neural network is presented as
output data. The desired points temperature for different milling
blade rotational speed are obtained experimentally and by
extrapolation method for the milling surface temperature is obtained
and a comparison is performed among the soft programming ANN,
CHT results and experimental data and it is observed that ANN soft
programming code can be used more efficiently to determine the
temperature in a milling process.
Abstract: Micro-alloyed steel components are used in
automotive industry for the necessity to make the manufacturing
process cycles shorter when compared to conventional steel by
eliminating heat treatment cycles, so an important saving of costs and
energy can be reached by reducing the number of operations. Microalloying
elements like vanadium, niobium or titanium have been
added to medium carbon steels to achieve grain refinement with or
without precipitation strengthening along with uniform
microstructure throughout the matrix. Present study reports the
applicability of medium carbon vanadium micro-alloyed steel in hot
forging. Forgeability has been determined with respect to different
cooling rates, after forging in a hydraulic press at 50% diameter
reduction in temperature range of 900-11000C. Final microstructures,
hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength have been evaluated.
The friction coefficients of different lubricating conditions, viz.,
graphite in hydraulic oil, graphite in furnace oil, DF 150 (Graphite,
Water-Based) die lubricant and dry or without any lubrication were
obtained from the ring compression test for the above micro-alloyed
steel. Results of ring compression tests indicate that graphite in
hydraulic oil lubricant is preferred for free forging and dry lubricant
is preferred for die forging operation. Exceptionally good forgeability
and high resistance to fracture, especially for faster cooling rate has
been observed for fine equiaxed ferrite-pearlite grains, some amount
of bainite and fine precipitates of vanadium carbides and
carbonitrides. The results indicated that the cooling rate has a
remarkable effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties at
room temperature.
Abstract: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) become
indispensable parts of modern airpower as force multiplier. One of
the main advantages of UAS is long endurance. UAS have to take
extra payloads to accomplish different missions but these payloads
decrease endurance of aircraft because of increasing drag. There are
continuing researches to increase the capability of UAS. There are
some vertical thermal air currents, which can cause climb and
increase endurance, in nature. Birds and gliders use thermals to gain
altitude with no effort. UAS have wide wings which can use
thermals like birds and gliders. Thermal regions, which is area of
2000-3000 meter (1 NM), exist all around the world. It is natural and
infinite source. This study analyses if thermal regions can be adopted
and implemented as an assistant tool for UAS route planning. First
and second part of study will contain information about the thermal
regions and current applications about UAS in aviation and climbing
performance with a real example. Continuing parts will analyze the
contribution of thermal regions to UAS endurance. Contribution is
important because planning declaration of UAS navigation rules will
be in 2015.
Abstract: The Ombudsman is a procedural mechanism that
provides a different approach of dispute resolution. The ombudsman
primarily deals with specific grievances from the public against
governmental injustice and misconduct. The ombudsman theory is
considered an important instrument to any democratic government.
This is true since it improves the transparency of the governmental
activities in a world in which executive power are rising. Many
countries have adopted the concept of Ombudsman but under
different terminologies. This paper will provide the different types of
Ombudsman and the common activities/processes of fulfilling their
mandates.
Abstract: The objectives of study are the following: To study
the way of life in terms of one hundred years co-existence of the
Muslim and local community in this area 2) To analyze factors affect
to this community with happy co-existence. The study requires
quantitative research to study a history together with the study of
humanity. The result of this study showed that the area of Petchburi
7 community is an ancient area which has owned by the Muslim for
almost 100 years. There is a sanctuary as & center of unity. Later
Bangkok becomes developed and provides more infrastructures like
motorway and other transportation: however, the owners of lands in
this community still keep their lands and build many buildings to run
business. With this purpose, there are many non-Muslim people come
to live here with co-existence. Not only are they convenient to work
but also easy to transport by sky train. There are factors that make
them live harmonious as following: 1) All Muslims in this area are
strict to follow their rules and allocate their community for business.
2) All people, who come and live here, are middle-aged and working
men and women. They, rent rooms closed to their work. 3) There are
Muslim food and desserts, especially Roti, the popular fried flour,
and local Chachak, tea originated from the south of Thailand. All
these food and desserts are famous for working men and women to
home and join after work 4) All Muslim in this area are independent
to lead their own lives although a society changes rapidly.
Abstract: As the economies of other countries in the
Mediterranean Basin, the tourism sector in our country has a high
denominator in economics. Tourism businesses, which are building
blocks of tourism, sector faces with a variety of problems during their
activities. These problems faced make business efficiency and
competition conditions of the businesses difficult. Most of the
problems faced by the tourism businesses and the information of
consumers about consumers’ rights were used in this study, which is
conducted to determine the problems of tourism businesses in the
Central Anatolia Region. It is aimed to contribute the awareness of
staff and executives working at tourism sector and to attract attention
of businesses active concurrently with tourism sector and legislators.
Abstract: In this paper, we regard as a coded transmission over a
frequency-selective channel. We plan to study analytically the
convergence of the turbo-detector using a maximum a posteriori
(MAP) equalizer and a MAP decoder. We demonstrate that the
densities of the maximum likelihood (ML) exchanged during the
iterations are e-symmetric and output-symmetric. Under the Gaussian
approximation, this property allows to execute a one-dimensional
scrutiny of the turbo-detector. By deriving the analytical terminology
of the ML distributions under the Gaussian approximation, we confirm
that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the turbo-detector
converges to the BER performance of the coded additive white
Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel at high signal to noise ratio (SNR),
for any frequency selective channel.
Abstract: A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensor was developed to detect lysozyme enzyme by functionalizing its gold surface with the attachment of poly(methacroyl-L-phenylalanine) (PMAPA) nanoparticles. PMAPA was chosen as a hydrophobic matrix. The hydrophobic nanoparticles were synthesized by micro-emulsion polymerization method. Hydrophobic QCM nanosensor was tested for real time detection of lysozyme enzyme from aqueous solution. The kinetic and affinity studies were determined by using lysozyme solutions with different concentrations. The responses related with mass (Δm) and frequency (Δf) shifts were used to evaluate adsorption properties.
Abstract: The aim of research was to define the relations
between volatile compounds, some parameters (pH, titratable acidity
(TA), total soluble solid (TSS), lactic acid bacteria count) and
consumer preference of commercial fermented milks. These relations
tend to be used for controlling and developing new fermented milk
product. Three leading commercial brands of fermented milks in
Thailand were evaluated by consumers (n=71) using hedonic scale
for four attributes (sweetness, sourness, flavour, and overall liking),
volatile compounds using headspace-solid phase microextraction
(HS-SPME) GC-MS, pH, TA, TSS and LAB count. Then the
relations were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The
PCA data showed that all of four attributes liking scores were related
to each other. They were also related to TA, TSS and volatile
compounds. The related volatile compounds were mainly on
fermented produced compounds including acetic acid, furanmethanol,
furfural, octanoic acid and the volatiles known as artificial fruit
flavour (beta pinene, limonene, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin). These
compounds were provided the information about flavour addition in
commercial fermented milk in Thailand.
Abstract: This paper proposes a mathematical model and
examines the performance of an exact algorithm for a location–
transportation problems in humanitarian relief. The model determines
the number and location of distribution centers in a relief network,
the amount of relief supplies to be stocked at each distribution center
and the vehicles to take the supplies to meet the needs of disaster
victims under capacity restriction, transportation and budgetary
constraints. The computational experiments are conducted on the
various sizes of problems that are generated. Branch and bound
algorithm is applied for these problems. The results show that this
algorithm can solve problem sizes of up to three candidate locations
with five demand points and one candidate location with up to twenty
demand points without premature termination.
Abstract: In reference to the legal state in the Thai legal system,
most people understand the minor principles of the legal state form,
which are the principles that can be explained and understood easily
and the results can be seen clearly, especially in the legitimacy of
administrative acts. Therefore, there is no awareness of justice, which
is the fundamental value of Thai law. The legitimacy of administrative
acts requires the administration to adhere to the constitution and
legislative laws in enforcement of the laws. If it appears that the
administrative acts are illegitimate, the administrative court, as the
court of justice, will revoke those acts as if they had never been set in
the legal system, this will affect people’s trust as they are unaware as
to whether the administrative acts that appoint their lives are
legitimate or not. Regarding the revocation of administrative orders
by the administrative court as if those orders had never existed, the
common individual surely cannot be expected to comprehend the
security of their juristic position. Therefore, the legal state does not
require a revocation of the government’s acts to terminate its legal
results merely because those acts are illegitimate, but there should be
considerations and realizations regarding the “The Principle of the
Protection of Legitimate Expectation,” which is a minor principle in
the legal state’s content that focuses on supporting and protecting
legitimate expectations of the juristic position of an individual and
maintaining justice, which is the fundamental value of Thai law.
Abstract: This research aimed to study about motivation for
students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University to follow and happily
live according to Sufficiency Economy Philosophy. Having collected
394 questionnaires, the result showed that most students had great
motivation to follow this philosophy at a high level, especially in
terms of righteousness in profession; besides, students’ determination
and intention to apply this philosophy in everyday lives was
impressive though the students’ families were not completely ready.
Each of students, in fact, consulted their families for plans of any
activities without tiredness and discouragement based on the saying,
“Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” On the part of universities life,
students interacted with society and created projects that supported
income to the community including exercises, sports, recreational
activities, and community services.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider the vehicle routing problem
with mixed fleet of conventional and heterogenous electric vehicles
and time dependent charging costs, denoted VRP-HFCC, in which
a set of geographically scattered customers have to be served by a
mixed fleet of vehicles composed of a heterogenous fleet of Electric
Vehicles (EVs), having different battery capacities and operating
costs, and Conventional Vehicles (CVs). We include the possibility
of charging EVs in the available charging stations during the routes
in order to serve all customers. Each charging station offers charging
service with a known technology of chargers and time dependent
charging costs. Charging stations are also subject to operating time
windows constraints. EVs are not necessarily compatible with all
available charging technologies and a partial charging is allowed.
Intermittent charging at the depot is also allowed provided that
constraints related to the electricity grid are satisfied.
The objective is to minimize the number of employed vehicles and
then minimize the total travel and charging costs.
In this study, we present a Mixed Integer Programming Model and
develop a Charging Routing Heuristic and a Local Search Heuristic
based on the Inject-Eject routine with different insertion methods. All
heuristics are tested on real data instances.
Abstract: The work studied the effect of germination on
proximate, phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant activities
(AOA) of African Yam been (AYB). Germination was done in
controlled dark chamber (100% RH, 28oC). The proximate, phenol
and flavonoid content and antioxidant activities before and after
germination were investigated. The crude protein, moisture, and
crude fiber content of germinated AYB were significantly higher
(P