Abstract: This paper focuses on a critical component of the situational awareness (SA), the control of autonomous vertical flight for vectored thrust aerial vehicle (VTAV). With the SA strategy, we proposed a flight control procedure to address the dynamics variation and performance requirement difference of flight trajectory for an unmanned helicopter model with vectored thrust configuration. This control strategy for chosen model of VTAV has been verified by simulation of take-off and forward maneuvers using software package Simulink and demonstrated good performance for fast stabilization of motors, consequently, fast SA with economy in energy can be asserted during search-and-rescue operations.
Abstract: An efficient reintegration of the disabled people in the
family and society should be fulfilled; hence it is strongly needful to assist their diminished functions or to replace the totally lost
functions. Assistive technology helps in neutralizing the impairment.
Recent advancements in embedded systems have opened up a vast
area of research and development for affordable and portable assistive devices for the visually impaired. Granted there are many assistive devices on the market that are able to detect obstacles, and numerous research and development currently in process to
alleviate the cause, unfortunately the cost of devices, size of
devices, intrusiveness and higher learning curve prevents the visually impaired from taking advantage of available devices. This
project aims at the design and implementation of a detachable unit
which is robust, low cost and user friendly, thus, trying to
aggrandize the functionality of the existing white cane, to concede above-knee obstacle detection. The designed obstruction detector
uses ultrasound sensors for detecting the obstructions before direct contact. It bestows haptic feedback to the user in accordance with the position of the obstacle.
Abstract: A gradient learning method to regulate the trajectories
of some nonlinear chaotic systems is proposed. The method is
motivated by the gradient descent learning algorithms for neural
networks. It is based on two systems: dynamic optimization system
and system for finding sensitivities. Numerical results of several
examples are presented, which convincingly illustrate the efficiency
of the method.
Abstract: Hydrogen diffusion is the main problem for corrosion fatigue in corrosive environment. In order to analyze the phenomenon, it is needed to understand their behaviors specially the hydrogen behavior during the diffusion. So, Hydrogen embrittlement and prediction its behavior as a main corrosive part of the fractions, needed to solve combinations of different equations mathematically. The main point to obtain the equation, having knowledge about the source of causing diffusion and running the atoms into materials, called driving force. This is produced by either gradient of electrical or chemical potential. In this work, we consider the gradient of chemical potential to obtain the property equation. In diffusion of atoms, some of them may be trapped but, it could be ignorable in some conditions. According to the phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement, the thermodynamic and chemical properties of hydrogen are considered to justify and relate them to fracture mechanics. It is very important to get a stress intensity factor by using fugacity as a property of hydrogen or other gases. Although, the diffusive behavior and embrittlement event are common and the same for other gases but, for making it more clear, we describe it for hydrogen. This considering on the definite gas and describing it helps us to understand better the importance of this relation.
Abstract: In this paper, an extreme learning machine with an automatic segmentation algorithm is applied to heart disorder classification by heart sound signals. From continuous heart sound signals, the starting points of the first (S1) and the second heart pulses (S2) are extracted and corrected by utilizing an inter-pulse histogram. From the corrected pulse positions, a single period of heart sound signals is extracted and converted to a feature vector including the mel-scaled filter bank energy coefficients and the envelope coefficients of uniform-sized sub-segments. An extreme learning machine is used to classify the feature vector. In our cardiac disorder classification and detection experiments with 9 cardiac disorder categories, the proposed method shows significantly better performance than multi-layer perceptron, support vector machine, and hidden Markov model; it achieves the classification accuracy of 81.6% and the detection accuracy of 96.9%.
Abstract: The impacts of near-campus student housing, or offcampus
students accommodation cannot be ignored by the
universities and as well as the community officials. Numerous
scholarly studies, have highlighted the substantial economic impacts
either; direct, indirect or induced, and cumulatively the roles of the
universities have significantly contributed to the local economies.
The issue of the impacts of off-campus student rental housing on
neighbourhoods is one that has been of long-standing but increasing
concern in Malaysia. Statistically, in Malaysia, there was
approximately a total of 1.2 - 1.5 million students in 2009. By the
year 2015, it is expected that 50 per cent of 18 to 30 year olds active
population should gain access to university education, amounting to
120,000 yearly. The objectives of the research are to assess the
impacts off-campus students on the local neighbourhood and
specifically to obtain information on the living and learning
conditions of off-campus students of Universiti Teknologi MARA
Shah Alam, Malaysia. It is also to isolate those factors that may
impede the successful learning so that priority can be given to them
in subsequent policy implementations and actions by government and
the higher education institutions.
Abstract: There are many classical algorithms for finding
routing in FPGA. But Using DNA computing we can solve the routes
efficiently and fast. The run time complexity of DNA algorithms is
much less than other classical algorithms which are used for solving
routing in FPGA. The research in DNA computing is in a primary
level. High information density of DNA molecules and massive
parallelism involved in the DNA reactions make DNA computing a
powerful tool. It has been proved by many research accomplishments
that any procedure that can be programmed in a silicon computer can
be realized as a DNA computing procedure. In this paper we have
proposed two tier approaches for the FPGA routing solution. First,
geometric FPGA detailed routing task is solved by transforming it
into a Boolean satisfiability equation with the property that any
assignment of input variables that satisfies the equation specifies a
valid routing. Satisfying assignment for particular route will result in
a valid routing and absence of a satisfying assignment implies that
the layout is un-routable. In second step, DNA search algorithm is
applied on this Boolean equation for solving routing alternatives
utilizing the properties of DNA computation. The simulated results
are satisfactory and give the indication of applicability of DNA
computing for solving the FPGA Routing problem.
Abstract: This paper analyses the structural changes in
education sector since the introduction of liberalization policy in
India. This paper explains how the so-called non-profit trusts and
societies appropriated the liberalization policy and enhanced
themselves as new capitalist class in higher education sector. Over
the decades, the policy witnessed the role of private sector in terms
of maintaining market equilibrium. The state also witnessed the
incompatibility of the private sector in inculcating the values of
social justice. The most important consequence of the policy is to
witness the rise of new capitalist class and academic capitalism.
When the state came to realize that it no longer cope up with
market demands, it opens the entry of private sector in higher
education. Concessions and tax exemptions were provided to the
trusts and societies to establish higher education institutions. There
is a basic difference between western countries and India in
providing higher education by the trusts and societies. In western
countries the big business houses contributed their surplus
revenues to promote higher education and research as a
complementary service to society and nation. In India, several
entrepreneurs came up with business motive using education
sector. Over the period, they accumulated wealth at the cost of
students and concessions from the government. Four major results
can now be identified: production of manpower in view of market
demands; reduction of standards in higher education; bypassing the
values of social justice; and the rise of new capitalist class from the
business of education. This paper tries to substantiate these issues
with the inputs from case studies.
Abstract: Signature amortization schemes have been introduced
for authenticating multicast streams, in which, a single signature is
amortized over several packets. The hash value of each packet is
computed, some hash values are appended to other packets, forming
what is known as hash chain. These schemes divide the stream into
blocks, each block is a number of packets, the signature packet in
these schemes is either the first or the last packet of the block.
Amortization schemes are efficient solutions in terms of computation
and communication overhead, specially in real-time environment.
The main effictive factor of amortization schemes is it-s hash chain
construction. Some studies show that signing the first packet of each
block reduces the receiver-s delay and prevents DoS attacks, other
studies show that signing the last packet reduces the sender-s delay.
To our knowledge, there is no studies that show which is better, to
sign the first or the last packet in terms of authentication probability
and resistance to packet loss.
In th is paper we will introduce another scheme for authenticating
multicast streams that is robust against packet loss, reduces the
overhead, and prevents the DoS attacks experienced by the receiver
in the same time. Our scheme-The Multiple Connected Chain signing
the First packet (MCF) is to append the hash values of specific
packets to other packets,then append some hashes to the signature
packet which is sent as the first packet in the block. This scheme
is aspecially efficient in terms of receiver-s delay. We discuss and
evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme against those that
sign the last packet of the block.
Abstract: This work presents a numerical simulation of the interaction of an incident shock wave propagates from the left to the right with a cone placed in a tube at shock. The Mathematical model is based on a non stationary, viscous and axisymmetric flow. The Discretization of the Navier-stokes equations is carried out by the finite volume method in the integral form along with the Flux Vector Splitting method of Van Leer. Here, adequate combination of time stepping parameter, CFL coefficient and mesh size level is selected to ensure numerical convergence. The numerical simulation considers a shock tube filled with air. The incident shock wave propagates to the right with a determined Mach number and crosses the cone by leaving behind it a stationary detached shock wave in front of the nose cone. This type of interaction is observed according to the time of flow.
Abstract: This paper presents a new compact analytical model of
the gate leakage current in high-k based nano scale MOSFET by
assuming a two-step inelastic trap-assisted tunneling (ITAT) process
as the conduction mechanism. This model is based on an inelastic
trap-assisted tunneling (ITAT) mechanism combined with a semiempirical
gate leakage current formulation in the BSIM 4 model. The
gate tunneling currents have been calculated as a function of gate
voltage for different gate dielectrics structures such as HfO2, Al2O3
and Si3N4 with EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) of 1.0 nm. The
proposed model is compared and contrasted with santaurus
simulation results to verify the accuracy of the model and excellent
agreement is found between the analytical and simulated data. It is
observed that proposed analytical model is suitable for different highk
gate dielectrics simply by adjusting two fitting parameters. It was
also shown that gate leakages reduced with the introduction of high-k
gate dielectric in place of SiO2.
Abstract: An accurate prediction of the minimum fluidization
velocity is a crucial hydrodynamic aspect of the design of fluidized
bed reactors. Common approaches for the prediction of the minimum
fluidization velocities of binary-solid fluidized beds are first
discussed here. The data of our own careful experimental
investigation involving a binary-solid pair fluidized with water is
presented. The effect of the relative composition of the two solid
species comprising the fluidized bed on the bed void fraction at the
incipient fluidization condition is reported and its influence on the
minimum fluidization velocity is discussed. In this connection, the
capability of packing models to predict the bed void fraction is also
examined.
Abstract: Chromite is one of the principal ore of chromium in which the metal exists as a complex oxide (FeO.Cr2O3).The prepared chromite can be widely used as refractory in high temperature applications. This study describes the use of local chromite ore as refractory material. To study the feasibility of local chromite, chemical analysis and refractoriness are firstly measured. To produce chromite refractory brick, it is pressed under a press of 400 tons, dried and fired at 1580°C for fifty two hours. Then, the standard properties such as cold crushing strength, apparent porosity, apparent specific gravity, bulk density and water absorption that the chromite brick should possess were measured. According to the results obtained, the brick made by local chromite ore was suitable for use as refractory brick.
Abstract: Most known methods for measuring the structural similarity of document structures are based on, e.g., tag measures, path metrics and tree measures in terms of their DOM-Trees. Other methods measures the similarity in the framework of the well known vector space model. In contrast to these we present a new approach to measuring the structural similarity of web-based documents represented by so called generalized trees which are more general than DOM-Trees which represent only directed rooted trees.We will design a new similarity measure for graphs representing web-based hypertext structures. Our similarity measure is mainly based on a novel representation of a graph as strings of linear integers, whose components represent structural properties of the graph. The similarity of two graphs is then defined as the optimal alignment of the underlying property strings. In this paper we apply the well known technique of sequence alignments to solve a novel and challenging problem: Measuring the structural similarity of generalized trees. More precisely, we first transform our graphs considered as high dimensional objects in linear structures. Then we derive similarity values from the alignments of the property strings in order to measure the structural similarity of generalized trees. Hence, we transform a graph similarity problem to a string similarity problem. We demonstrate that our similarity measure captures important structural information by applying it to two different test sets consisting of graphs representing web-based documents.
Abstract: People at workplace always face with stress and feel it in their lives. There are many factors that create stress and mobbing is one of them. Mobbing is a psychological terror, conducted systematically toward an individual by others at the same workplace. Mobbing started to become a famous subject last years in U.S and Europe. In Turkey, it is a new concept not because it does not occur, because of human nature that does not allow confessing it. Mobbing is being ignored by people, organizations and also government in our country. The focus of this study will be mobbing in Turkey by examining the workplace mobbing among Turkish academicians. There are other studies about mobbing in Turkey but none of them studied academy. Because mobbing methods change according to sectors and occupations, it is important to analyze each sector to understand the methods used in mobbing and the reactions of victims to these actions. The concept is analyzed in detail before focusing on mobbing at universities. This paper will be unique because there is no information about this specific subject in Turkish literature. In this paper, both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to describe the mobbing at Turkish academic environment.
Abstract: Ascorbic acid (AA), commonly known as vitamin C, is essential for normal functioning of the body and maintenance of metabolic integrity. Among its various roles are as an antioxidant, a cofactor in collagen formation and other reactions, as well as reducing physical stress and maintenance of the immune system. Recent collaborative research between the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) in Scottsdale, Tasmania and RMIT University has sought to overcome the problems arising from the inherent instability of ascorbic acid during processing and storage of foods. The recent work has demonstrated the potential of microencapsulation by spray drying as a means to enhance retention. The purpose of this current study has been focused upon the influence of spray drying conditions on the properties of encapsulated ascorbic acid. The process was carried out according to a central composite design. Independent variables were: inlet temperature (80-120° C) and feed flow rate (7-14 mL/minute). Process yield, ascorbic acid loss, moisture content, water activity and particle size distribution were analysed as responses. The results have demonstrated the potential of microencapsulation by spray drying as a means to enhance retention. Vitamin retention, moisture content, water activity and process yield were influenced positively by inlet air temperature and negatively by feed flow rate.
Abstract: The freezing point of milk is in important indicator of
the milk quality. The freezing point of milk is determined primarily
to prove milk adulteration with water and to determine the amount of
water in it. Chemical composition and properties of milk, thermal
treatment and presence of any substance can influence freezing point
of product. There are different substances, which can be added to
milk with main purpose to prolong shelf-life of raw milk. There are
detergent, preservatives, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide,
antibiotics, sodium carbonate, and hydrogen peroxide. Therefore the
aim of the present study was to determine freezing point of milk,
skimmed milk, pasteurized milk and milk with different substances
(formaldehyde, antibiotics, sodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide,
disinfectant, and detergent) in different concentrations. The thermal
treatment and different undesirable substances presence in milk have
significant influence on freezing point of it.
Abstract: This contribution was developed from a research
within the doctoral thesis. Its object was to create multimedia
materials for sport gymnastics. Consequently we surveyed the
influence of its practical application on the efficiency of schooling at
a university. We verified the prescribed hypothesis of the efficiency
of the teaching process using the method of single-factor experiment,
where the entrance independent variable was the change of system of
tuition and the outgoing dependent variable was the change of level
of acquired motor skills. The results confirmed the positive impact of
using multimedia materials on the efficiency of the teaching process.
Further, with the aid of questionnaires, we evaluated how the tested
subjects perceive the innovative methods in sport gymnastics. The
responses showed that the students rate the application of multimedia
materials very positively.
Abstract: Grasslands of Iran are encountered with a vast
desertification and destruction. Some legumes are plants of forage
importance with high palatability. Studied legumes in this project are
Onobrychis, Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Trifolium repens. Seeds
were cultivated in research field of Kaboutarabad (33 km East of
Isfahan, Iran) with an average 80 mm. annual rainfall. Plants were
cultivated in a split plot design with 3 replicate and two water
treatments (weekly irrigation, and under stress with same amount per
15 days interval). Water entrance to each plots were measured by
Partial flow. This project lasted 20 weeks. Destructive samplings
(1m2 each time) were done weekly. At each sampling plants were
gathered and weighed separately for each vegetative parts. An Area
Meter (Vista) was used to measure root surface and leaf area. Total
shoot and root fresh and dry weight, leaf area index and soil coverage
were evaluated too. Dry weight was achieved in 750c oven after 24
hours. Statgraphic and Harvard Graphic software were used to
formulate and demonstrate the parameters curves due to time. Our
results show that Trifolium repens has affected 60 % and Medicago
sativa 18% by water stress. Onobrychis total fresh weight was
reduced 45%. Dry weight or Biomass in alfalfa is not so affected by
water shortage. This means that in alfalfa fields we can decrease the
irrigation amount and have some how same amount of Biomass.
Onobrychis show a drastic decrease in Biomass. The increases in
total dry matter due to time in studied plants are formulated. For
Trifolium repens if removal or cattle entrance to meadows do not
occurred at perfect time, it will decrease the palatability and water
content of the shoots. Water stress in a short period could develop the
root system in Trifolium repens, but if it last more than this other
ecological and soil factors will affect the growth of this plant. Low
level of soil water is not so important for studied legume forges. But
water shortage affect palatability and water content of aerial parts.
Leaf area due to time in studied legumes is formulated. In fact leaf
area is decreased by shortage in available water. Higher leaf area
means higher forage and biomass production. Medicago and
Onobrychis reach to the maximum leaf area sooner than Trifolium
and are able to produce an optimum soil cover and inhibit the
transpiration of soil water of meadows. Correlation of root surface to
Total biomass in studied plants is formulated. Medicago under water
stress show a 40% decrease in crown cover while at optimum
condition this amount reach to 100%. In order to produce forage in
areas without soil erosion Medicago is the best choice even with a
shortage in water resources. It is tried to represent the growth
simulation of three famous Forage Legumes. By growth simulation
farmers and range managers could better decide to choose best plant
adapted to water availability without designing different time and
labor consuming field experiments.
Abstract: Debates on residential satisfaction topic have been
vigorously discussed in family house setting. Nonetheless, less or
lack of attention was given to survey on student residential
satisfaction in the campus house setting. This study, however, tried to
fill in the gap by focusing more on the relationship between students-
socio-economic backgrounds and student residential satisfaction with
their on-campus student housing facilities. Two-stage cluster
sampling method was employed to classify the respondents. Then,
self-administered questionnaires were distributed face-to-face to the
students. In general, it was confirmed that the students- socioeconomic
backgrounds have significantly influence the students-
satisfaction with their on-campus student housing facilities. The main
influential factors were revealed as the economic status, sense of
sharing, and the ethnicity of roommates. Likewise, this study could
also provide some useful feedback for the universities administration
in order to improve their student housing facilities.