Abstract: Within the framework of a method of the information
theory it is offered statistics and probabilistic model for definition of
cause-and-effect relations in the coupled multicomponent
subsystems. The quantitative parameter which is defined through
conditional and unconditional entropy functions is introduced. The
method is applied to the analysis of the experimental data on
dynamics of change of the chemical elements composition of plants
organs (roots, reproductive organs, leafs and stems). Experiment is
directed on studying of temporal processes of primary soil formation
and their connection with redistribution dynamics of chemical
elements in plant organs. This statistics and probabilistic model
allows also quantitatively and unambiguously to specify the
directions of the information streams on plant organs.
Abstract: Company strategy expresses a basic idea of how to reach company objectives. A whole range of models of strategic management are used in practice. The concept of strategic management should fulfill some basic requirements to make it applicable for both the typical, but also more specific company environment. The financial strategy plays an important role in corporate strategy. The paper develops a methodology of strategic model implementing into the category of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, the methodology recommends procedures while solving an up-to-date worldwide task of the definition of the company strategy and its financial strategy.
Abstract: With the extensive inclusion of document, especially
text, in the business systems, data mining does not cover the full
scope of Business Intelligence. Data mining cannot deliver its impact
on extracting useful details from the large collection of unstructured
and semi-structured written materials based on natural languages.
The most pressing issue is to draw the potential business intelligence
from text. In order to gain competitive advantages for the business, it
is necessary to develop the new powerful tool, text mining, to expand
the scope of business intelligence.
In this paper, we will work out the strong points of text mining in
extracting business intelligence from huge amount of textual
information sources within business systems. We will apply text
mining to each stage of Business Intelligence systems to prove that
text mining is the powerful tool to expand the scope of BI. After
reviewing basic definitions and some related technologies, we will
discuss the relationship and the benefits of these to text mining. Some
examples and applications of text mining will also be given. The
motivation behind is to develop new approach to effective and
efficient textual information analysis. Thus we can expand the scope
of Business Intelligence using the powerful tool, text mining.
Abstract: Model-checking tools such as Symbolic Model Verifier
(SMV) and NuSMV are available for checking hardware designs.
These tools can automatically check the formal legitimacy of a
design. However, NuSMV is too low level for describing a complete
hardware design. It is therefore necessary to translate the system
definition, as designed in a language such as Verilog or VHDL, into
a language such as NuSMV for validation. In this paper, we present
a meta hardware description language, Melasy, that contains a code
generator for existing hardware description languages (HDLs) and
languages for model checking that solve this problem.
Abstract: Self-organizing map (SOM) is a well known data
reduction technique used in data mining. It can reveal structure in
data sets through data visualization that is otherwise hard to detect
from raw data alone. However, interpretation through visual
inspection is prone to errors and can be very tedious. There are
several techniques for the automatic detection of clusters of code
vectors found by SOM, but they generally do not take into account
the distribution of code vectors; this may lead to unsatisfactory
clustering and poor definition of cluster boundaries, particularly
where the density of data points is low. In this paper, we propose the
use of an adaptive heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO)
algorithm for finding cluster boundaries directly from the code
vectors obtained from SOM. The application of our method to
several standard data sets demonstrates its feasibility. PSO algorithm
utilizes a so-called U-matrix of SOM to determine cluster boundaries;
the results of this novel automatic method compare very favorably to
boundary detection through traditional algorithms namely k-means
and hierarchical based approach which are normally used to interpret
the output of SOM.
Abstract: This paper argues that a product development exercise
involves in addition to the conventional stages, several decisions
regarding other aspects. These aspects should be addressed
simultaneously in order to develop a product that responds to the
customer needs and that helps realize objectives of the stakeholders
in terms of profitability, market share and the like. We present a
framework that encompasses these different development
dimensions. The framework shows that a product development
methodology such as the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is the
basic tool which allows definition of the target specifications of a
new product. Creativity is the first dimension that enables the
development exercise to live and end successfully. A number of
group processes need to be followed by the development team in
order to ensure enough creativity and innovation. Secondly,
packaging is considered to be an important extension of the product.
Branding strategies, quality and standardization requirements,
identification technologies, design technologies, production
technologies and costing and pricing are also integral parts to the
development exercise. These dimensions constitute the proposed
framework. The paper also presents a mathematical model used to
calculate the design targets based on the target costing principle. The
framework is used to study a case of a new product development in
the telecommunications services sector.
Abstract: In the given article the creative arts is being
investigated in the modern era and from the aspect of the artistic
interrelationship, having created by the character of his personality
and as the viewer. A study in the identity formation terms, the
definition of its being unique, unity and similarity as a global issue of
the XXI century has been conducted by the analyzing the definitions
which characterize the human nature in the arts. Spiritual universality
and human existence have been considered in the art system as a
human who is a creator, as the man hero and as the character who is
the recipient as well as the analyses which have been conducted
along with the worldwide cultural and historical processes.
Abstract: In this paper, the differential quadrature method is applied to simulate natural convection in an inclined cubic cavity using velocity-vorticity formulation. The numerical capability of the present algorithm is demonstrated by application to natural convection in an inclined cubic cavity. The velocity Poisson equations, the vorticity transport equations and the energy equation are all solved as a coupled system of equations for the seven field variables consisting of three velocities, three vorticities and temperature. The coupled equations are simultaneously solved by imposing the vorticity definition at boundary without requiring the explicit specification of the vorticity boundary conditions. Test results obtained for an inclined cubic cavity with different angle of inclinations for Rayleigh number equal to 103, 104, 105 and 106 indicate that the present coupled solution algorithm could predict the benchmark results for temperature and flow fields. Thus, it is convinced that the present formulation is capable of solving coupled Navier-Stokes equations effectively and accurately.
Abstract: In recent times, the problem of Unsolicited Bulk
Email (UBE) or commonly known as Spam Email, has increased at a
tremendous growth rate. We present an analysis of survey based on
classifications of UBE in various research works. There are many
research instances for classification between spam and non-spam
emails but very few research instances are available for classification
of spam emails, per se. This paper does not intend to assert some
UBE classification to be better than the others nor does it propose
any new classification but it bemoans the lack of harmony on number
and definition of categories proposed by different researchers. The
paper also elaborates on factors like intent of spammer, content of
UBE and ambiguity in different categories as proposed in related
research works of classifications of UBE.
Abstract: In the meantime, there were lots of hardware solutions like products or urban facilities for crime prevention in the public design area. Meanwhile, people have growing interest in public design so by making a village; community design in public design is getting active by the society. The system for crime prevention is actively done by the citizens who created the community. Regarding the social situation, in this project, we saw it as a kind of community design practices and researched about 'how does community design influence Crime prevention?' The purpose of this study is to propose the community design as a way of preventing the crime in the city. First, we found out about the definition, elements and methods of community design by reviewing the theory. And then, this study analyzed the case that was enforced in Seoul and organize the elements and methods of community design. This study can be refer to Public Design based on civil participation and make the community design area contribute to expand the way of solving social problems.
Abstract: Although services play a crucial role in economy,
service did not gain as much importance as productivity management
in manufacturing. This paper presents key findings from literature
and practice. Based on an initial definition of complex services, seven
productivity concepts are briefly presented and assessed by relevant,
complex service specific criteria. Following the findings a complex
service productivity model is proposed. The novel model comprises
of all specific dimensions of service provision from both, the
provider-s as well as costumer-s perspective. A clear assignment of
identified value drivers and relationships between them is presented.
In order to verify the conceptual service productivity model a case
study from a project engineering department of a chemical plant
development and construction company is presented.
Abstract: In this paper a new definition of adjacency matrix in
the simple graphs is presented that is called fuzzy adjacency matrix,
so that elements of it are in the form of 0 and
n N
n
1 , ∈
that are
in the interval [0, 1], and then some charactristics of this matrix are
presented with the related examples . This form matrix has complete
of information of a graph.
Abstract: This study defines a methodology to compute unitary costs for freight transportation modes. The main objective was to gather relevant costs data to support the formulation and evaluation of railway, road, pipelines and port projects. This article will concentrate on the following steps: Compilation and analysis of relevant modal cost studies, Methodological adjustments to make cost figures comparable between studies, Definition of typology and scope of transportation modes, Analysis and validation of cost values for relevant freight transportation modes in Chile. In order to define the comparison methodology for the costs between the different transportation modes, it was necessary to consider that the relevant cost depends on who performs the comparison. Thus, for the transportation user (e.g. exporter) the pertinent costs are the mode tariffs, whereas from the operators perspective (e.g. rail manager), the pertinent costs are the operating costs of each mode.
Abstract: New Growth Theory helps us make sense of the
ongoing shift from a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based
economy. It underscores the point that the economic processes which
create and diffuse new knowledge are critical to shaping the growth
of nations, communities and individual firms. In all too many
contributions to New (Endogenous) Growth Theory – though not in
all – central reference is made to 'a stock of knowledge', a 'stock of
ideas', etc., this variable featuring centre-stage in the analysis. Yet it
is immediately apparent that this is far from being a crystal clear
concept. The difficulty and uncertainty of being able to capture the
value associated with knowledge is a real problem. The intent of this
paper is introducing new thinking and theorizing about the
knowledge and its measurability in new growth theory. Moreover the
study aims to synthesize various strain of the literature with a
practical bearing on knowledge concept. By contribution of
institution framework which is found within NGT, we can indirectly
measure the knowledge concept. Institutions matter because they
shape the environment for production and employment of new
knowledge
Abstract: MC (Management Control)& IC (Internal Control) – what is the relationship? (an empirical study into the definitions between MC and IC) based on the wider considerations of Internal Control and Management Control terms, attention is focused not only on the financial aspects but also more on the soft aspects of the business, such as culture, behaviour, standards and values. The limited considerations of Management Control are focused mainly in the hard, financial aspects of business operation. The definitions of Management Control and Internal Control are often used interchangeably and the results of this empirical study reveal that Management Control is part of Internal Control, there is no causal link between the two concepts. Based on the interpretation of the respondents, the term Management Control has moved from a broad term to a more limited term with the soft aspects of the influencing of behaviour, performance measurements, incentives and culture. This paper is an exploratory study based on qualitative research and on a qualitative matrix method analysis of the thematic definition of the terms Management Control and Internal Control.
Abstract: The structural stability of the model of a nonelectroneutral current sheath is investigated. The stationary model of a current sheath represents the system of four connected nonlinear differential first-order equations and thus they should manifest structural instability property, i.e. sensitivity to the infinitesimal changes of parameters and starting conditions. Domains of existence of the solutions of current sheath type are found. Those solutions of the current sheath type are realized only in some regions of sevendimensional space of parameters of the problem. The phase volume of those regions is small in comparison with the whole phase volume of the definition range of those parameters. It is shown that the offered model of a nonelectroneutral current sheath is applicable for theoretical interpretation of the bifurcational current sheaths observed in the magnetosphere.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the
occurrence of fungi in aerobic and anoxic activated sludge from
membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Thirty-six samples of both aerobic
and anoxic activated sludge were taken from 2 MBR treating
domestic wastewater. Over a period of eight months 2 samples from
each plant were taken per month. The samples were prepared for
count and definition of fungi. The obtained data show that, sixty
species belonging to 27 genera were collected from activated sludge
samples under aerobic and anoxic conditions. Regarding to the fungi
definition, under aerobic condition the Geotrichum was found at
(8.8%) followed by Penicillium (75.0%), Yeasts (65.7%) and
Trichoderma (55.5%), while Yeasts (77.1%) Geotrichum
candidumand Penicillium (61.1%) species were the most prevalent in
anoxic activated sludge. The results indicate that activated sludge is
habitat for growth and sporulation of different groups of fungi, both
saprophytic and pathogenic.
Abstract: Standards for learning objects focus primarily on
content presentation. They were already extended to support automatic evaluation but it is limited to exercises with a predefined
set of answers. The existing standards lack the metadata required by specialized evaluators to handle types of exercises with an indefinite
set of solutions. To address this issue existing learning object standards were extended to the particular requirements of a
specialized domain. A definition of programming problems as learning objects, compatible both with Learning Management Systems and with systems performing automatic evaluation of
programs, is presented in this paper. The proposed definition includes
metadata that cannot be conveniently represented using existing standards, such as: the type of automatic evaluation; the requirements
of the evaluation engine; and the roles of different assets - tests cases, program solutions, etc. The EduJudge project and its main services
are also presented as a case study on the use of the proposed definition of programming problems as learning objects.
Abstract: We demonstrate through a sample application, Ebanking,
that the Web Service Modelling Language Ontology component
can be used as a very powerful object-oriented database design
language with logic capabilities. Its conceptual syntax allows the
definition of class hierarchies, and logic syntax allows the definition
of constraints in the database. Relations, which are available for
modelling relations of three or more concepts, can be connected to
logical expressions, allowing the implicit specification of database
content. Using a reasoning tool, logic queries can also be made
against the database in simulation mode.
Abstract: Planning community has been long discussing emerging paradigms within the planning theory in the face of the changing conditions of the world order. The paradigm shift concept was introduced by Thomas Kuhn, in 1960, who claimed the necessity of shifting within scientific knowledge boundaries; and following him in 1970 Imre Loktas also gave priority to the emergence of multi-paradigm societies [24]. Multi-paradigm is changing our predetermined lifeworld through uncertainties. Those uncertainties are reflected in two sides, the first one is uncertainty as a concept of possibility and creativity in public sphere and the second one is uncertainty as a risk. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a resilience planning approach to be more dynamic in controlling uncertainties which have the potential to transfigure present time and space definitions. In this way, stability of system can be achieved. Uncertainty is not only an outcome of worldwide changes but also a place-specific issue, i.e. it changes from continent to continent, a country to country; a region to region. Therefore, applying strategic spatial planning with respect to resilience principle contributes to: control, grasp and internalize uncertainties through place-specific strategies. In today-s fast changing world, planning system should follow strategic spatial projects to control multi-paradigm societies with adaptability capacities. Here, we have selected two alternatives to demonstrate; these are; 1.Tehran (Iran) from the Middle East 2.Bath (United Kingdom) from Europe. The study elaborates uncertainties and particularities in their strategic spatial planning processes in a comparative manner. Through the comparison, the study aims at assessing place-specific priorities in strategic planning. The approach is to a two-way stream, where the case cities from the extreme end of the spectrum can learn from each other. The structure of this paper is to firstly compare semi-periphery (Tehran) and coreperiphery (Bath) cities, with the focus to reveal how they equip to face with uncertainties according to their geographical locations and local particularities. Secondly, the key message to address is “Each locality requires its own strategic planning approach to be resilient.--