Abstract: Over the years, there is a growing trend towards
quality-based specifications in highway construction. In many
Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) specifications, the
contractor is primarily responsible for quality control of the process,
whereas the highway agency is responsible for testing the acceptance
of the product. A cooperative investigation was conducted in Illinois
over several years to develop a prototype End-Result Specification
(ERS) for asphalt pavement construction. The final characteristics of
the product are stipulated in the ERS and the contractor is given
considerable freedom in achieving those characteristics. The risk for
the contractor or agency depends on how the acceptance limits and
processes are specified. Stochastic simulation models are very useful
in estimating and analyzing payment risk in ERS systems and these
form an integral part of the Illinois-s prototype ERS system. This
paper describes the development of an innovative methodology to
estimate the variability components in in-situ density, air voids and
asphalt content data from ERS projects. The information gained from
this would be crucial in simulating these ERS projects for estimation
and analysis of payment risks associated with asphalt pavement
construction. However, these methods require at least two parties to
conduct tests on all the split samples obtained according to the
sampling scheme prescribed in present ERS implemented in Illinois.
Abstract: Laboratory experiments have been performed to investigate photocatalytic detoxification by using TiO2 photocatalyst for treating dairy effluent. Various operational parameters such as catalyst concentration, initial concentration, angle of tilt of solar flat plate reactor and flow rate were investigated. Results indicated that the photocatalytic detoxification process can efficiently treat dairy effluent. Experimental runs with dairy wastewater can be used to identify the optimum operational parameters to perform wastewater degradation on large scale for recycling purpose. Also effect of two different types of reactors on degradation process was analyzed.
Abstract: Passive systems were born with the purpose of the
greatest exploitation of solar energy in cold climates and high
altitudes. They spread themselves until the 80-s all over the world
without any attention to the specific climate and the summer
behavior; this caused the deactivation of the systems due to a series
of problems connected to the summer overheating, the complex
management and the rising of the dust.
Until today the European regulation limits only the winter
consumptions without any attention to the summer behavior but, the
recent European EN 15251 underlines the relevance of the indoor
comfort, and the necessity of the analytic studies validation by
monitoring case studies.
In the porpose paper we demonstrate that the solar wall is an
efficient system both from thermal comfort and energy saving point
of view and it is the most suitable for our temperate climates because
it can be used as a passive cooling sistem too. In particular the paper
present an experimental and numerical analisys carried out on a case
study with nine different solar passive systems in Ancona, Italy.
We carried out a detailed study of the lodging provided by the
solar wall by the monitoring and the evaluation of the indoor
conditions.
Analyzing the monitored data, on the base of recognized models
of comfort (ISO, ASHRAE, Givoni-s BBCC), is emerged that the
solar wall has an optimal behavior in the middle seasons. In winter
phase this passive system gives more advantages in terms of energy
consumptions than the other systems, because it gives greater heat
gain and therefore smaller consumptions. In summer, when outside
air temperature return in the mean seasonal value, the indoor comfort
is optimal thanks to an efficient transversal ventilation activated from
the same wall.