Water Quality and Freshwater Fish Diversity at Khao Luang National Park, Thailand
Water quality and freshwater fish diversity from nine
waterfalls at Khao Luang National Park, Thailand was examined.
Streams were shallow, fast flowing with clear water and rocky and
sandy substrate. The mean water quality of waterfalls at Khao Luang
National Park were as following pH 7.50, air temperature 24.27 °C,
water temperature 26.37 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.88 mg/l, hardness
4.44-21.33 mg/l, alkalinity 3.55-11.88 mg/(as CaCO3). Twenty fish
species were found at Khao Luang National Park belonging to nine
families. A cluster analysis of water quality at Khao Luang National
Park revealed that waterfalls at Khao Luang National Park were
divided into two groups: A and B. Group A composed of two
waterfalls (i.e. Aie Kaew and Wangmaipak) that flew to the Gulf of
Thailand side. Group B composed of seven waterfalls (i.e. Promlok,
Kalom, Nuafa, Suankun, Soidaw, Suanhai, and Thapae) that flew to
the Andaman Sea side (Fig. 2) .The Cyprinids represented the major
species in all the waterfalls comprising of 45%.
[1] J. R. Duncan, and J. L., Lockwood, "Extinction in a field of bullets: a
search for the causes in the decline of the World-s freshwater fishes,"
Biol. Cons. vol. 102, pp. 97-105, 2001.
[2] S. Chankreaw, and P. Saad, "The effect of added alkalinity and hardness
from Phromlok Waterfall, Nakhon Si Thammarat to the Growth of Pla
Ngeah (Neolissochielus sp.)," Faculty of Science and Technology.
Rajabhat Nakhon Si thammarat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
2004.
[3] APHA, AWWA and WFF. Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater. 18th ed. A. E. Greenberg, L. S. Clesceri and A.
D. Eaton, Eds., American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.,
1992.
[4] G. V. Nikolsky, The Ecology of Fishes. London: Academic Press, 1963,
352 p.
[5] C. Saylor, and E. M. Scott Jr., Application of the Index of Biotic Integrity
to Existing TVA Data. Norris, Tennessee: Tennessee Valley Authority,
Division of Air and Water Resources, TVA / ONRES /AWR 87/32,
1987, 25 p.
[6] H. M. Smith, "Some Fresh - Water Fishes of Siam," Trans. Amer. Fish.
Soc. vol. 56, pp. 213 - 226, 1927.
[7] H. M. Smith, The Fresh - Water Fishes of Siam, or Thailand.
Washington: United states Government Printing office, 1945, 622 p.
[8] T. R. Robert, The Freshwater Fishes of Westhern Borneo (Kalimanton
Barat, Indonesia). California: California Academy of Science, 1989, 210
p.
[9] M. Kottelat, A. J. Whitten, S. N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo,
Freshwater Fishes of Westherm Indonesia and Sulawesi. Indonesia:
Periplus Editions Ltd., 1993, 221 p.
[10] J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the world. New York: John Wiley & Son Inc.,
1994.
[11] J. Shrestha, Fishes, Fishing Implements & Methods of Nepal. Thailand:
Craftsman Press, 1994, 150 p.
[12] W. J. Rainboth, Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. Rome: Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1996, 265 p.
[13] J. A. Ludwig and J. F Reynolds, Statistical Ecology: a Primer on
Methods and Computing. New York: Wiley-Interscience Publications,
1988, 337 p.
[1] J. R. Duncan, and J. L., Lockwood, "Extinction in a field of bullets: a
search for the causes in the decline of the World-s freshwater fishes,"
Biol. Cons. vol. 102, pp. 97-105, 2001.
[2] S. Chankreaw, and P. Saad, "The effect of added alkalinity and hardness
from Phromlok Waterfall, Nakhon Si Thammarat to the Growth of Pla
Ngeah (Neolissochielus sp.)," Faculty of Science and Technology.
Rajabhat Nakhon Si thammarat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
2004.
[3] APHA, AWWA and WFF. Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater. 18th ed. A. E. Greenberg, L. S. Clesceri and A.
D. Eaton, Eds., American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.,
1992.
[4] G. V. Nikolsky, The Ecology of Fishes. London: Academic Press, 1963,
352 p.
[5] C. Saylor, and E. M. Scott Jr., Application of the Index of Biotic Integrity
to Existing TVA Data. Norris, Tennessee: Tennessee Valley Authority,
Division of Air and Water Resources, TVA / ONRES /AWR 87/32,
1987, 25 p.
[6] H. M. Smith, "Some Fresh - Water Fishes of Siam," Trans. Amer. Fish.
Soc. vol. 56, pp. 213 - 226, 1927.
[7] H. M. Smith, The Fresh - Water Fishes of Siam, or Thailand.
Washington: United states Government Printing office, 1945, 622 p.
[8] T. R. Robert, The Freshwater Fishes of Westhern Borneo (Kalimanton
Barat, Indonesia). California: California Academy of Science, 1989, 210
p.
[9] M. Kottelat, A. J. Whitten, S. N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo,
Freshwater Fishes of Westherm Indonesia and Sulawesi. Indonesia:
Periplus Editions Ltd., 1993, 221 p.
[10] J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the world. New York: John Wiley & Son Inc.,
1994.
[11] J. Shrestha, Fishes, Fishing Implements & Methods of Nepal. Thailand:
Craftsman Press, 1994, 150 p.
[12] W. J. Rainboth, Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. Rome: Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1996, 265 p.
[13] J. A. Ludwig and J. F Reynolds, Statistical Ecology: a Primer on
Methods and Computing. New York: Wiley-Interscience Publications,
1988, 337 p.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:59427", author = "S. Sutin and M. Jaroensutasinee and K. Jaroensutasinee", title = "Water Quality and Freshwater Fish Diversity at Khao Luang National Park, Thailand", abstract = "Water quality and freshwater fish diversity from nine
waterfalls at Khao Luang National Park, Thailand was examined.
Streams were shallow, fast flowing with clear water and rocky and
sandy substrate. The mean water quality of waterfalls at Khao Luang
National Park were as following pH 7.50, air temperature 24.27 °C,
water temperature 26.37 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.88 mg/l, hardness
4.44-21.33 mg/l, alkalinity 3.55-11.88 mg/(as CaCO3). Twenty fish
species were found at Khao Luang National Park belonging to nine
families. A cluster analysis of water quality at Khao Luang National
Park revealed that waterfalls at Khao Luang National Park were
divided into two groups: A and B. Group A composed of two
waterfalls (i.e. Aie Kaew and Wangmaipak) that flew to the Gulf of
Thailand side. Group B composed of seven waterfalls (i.e. Promlok,
Kalom, Nuafa, Suankun, Soidaw, Suanhai, and Thapae) that flew to
the Andaman Sea side (Fig. 2) .The Cyprinids represented the major
species in all the waterfalls comprising of 45%.", keywords = "Water quality, Freshwater fishes, National Park,Khao Luang, Thailand.", volume = "1", number = "12", pages = "112-4", }