Time Development of Local Scour around Semi Integral Bridge Piers and Piles in Malaysia
Scouring around a bridge pier is a complex
phenomenon. More laboratory experiments are required to
understand the scour mechanism. This paper focused on time
development of local scour around piers and piles in semi integral
bridges. Laboratory data collected at Hydraulics Laboratory,
University of Malaya was analyzed for this purpose. Tests were
performed with two different uniform sediment sizes and five ranges
of flow velocities. Fine and coarse sediments were tested in the
flume. Results showed that scour depths for both pier and piles
increased with time up to certain levels and after that they became
almost constant. It had been found that scour depths increased when
discharges increased. Coarser sediment also produced lesser scouring
at the piers and combined piles.
<p>[1] H.H. Chang, “Fluvial processes in river engineering” John Wiley &
Sons, pp. 432 , (1988)
[2] A. J. Raudkivi, R. Ettema, “Clear Water Scour at Cylindrical Piers,
Journal of Hydraulics Engineering,” ASCE, 109(3), pp 338-350 (1983)
[3] P. F. Lagasse, P. L. Thompson, and S. A. Sabol, “Guarding against
scour”. Civil Engineering, June, 1995
[4] P. A. Johnson and D. A. Dock, “Probabilistic bridge scour estimates.
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,” Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 750–754, (1996)
[5] B. W. Melville and S. E. Coleman, “Bridge, Water Resources”
Publications LLC, Littleton, Colorado, (2000)
[6] P.E. Clopper, , P.F. Lagasse and, L.W. Zevenbergen, “Bridge Pier Scour
Countermeasures,” Proceedings of the 2007 World Environmental and
Water Resources Congress, May 15-19, 2007, Tampa, Florida
[7] A. Masjedi, M.S. Bejestan and A. Esfandi, “Reduction of Local Scour
at a Bridge Pier using Collar in a 180 Degree Flume Bend,”Journal of
Applied Sciences, 10: 124-13, (2010).
[8] E.M. Laursen, A. Toch, “Scour Around Bridge Piers and Abutments,”
Bulletin No. 4, Iowa Highways Research Board, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A,
(1956)
[9] E.M. Laursen, ”Analysis of Relief Bridge Scour,” Journal of the
Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 89(3) 93-118, (1963)
[10] H.W. Shen, V.R. Schneider, S.S. Karaki, Local Scour around Bridge
Piers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 95(6), 1919-1940.,
(1969)
[11] H.N.C. Breusers, G. Nicollet, H.W. Shen, Local Scour around
Cylindrical Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, 15(3), 211-252
(1977)
[12] A.J. Raudkivi, Functional Trends of Scour at Bridge Piers, Journal of
Hydraulics Engineering, ASCE, 112(1), 1-13 (1986)
[13] H.N.C. Breusers, A.J. Raudkivi, Scouring Hydraulic Structures Design
Manual, No. 2, IAHR, Balkema, Rotterdam, 109-116, (1991)
[14] G. W. Parker, L. Bratton, and, D. S. Armstrong , “Stream stability and
scour assessments at bridges in Massachusetts.” U.S. Geological Survey
Open File Report No. 97-588 (CD-ROM), Massachusetts Highway
Dept. Bridge Section, Marlborough, Mass., 53 (1997).
[15] A.T. Moncada - M, J. A.-P. “Scour Protection Of Circular Bridge Piers
with Collars and Slots.”Journal of Hydraulic Research , 119-126
(2009).
[16] E. V. Richardson, and, S. R. Davis “Evaluating scour at bridges 3rd ed.”
Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Circular No.
18: FHWA-IP-90–017, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington,
D.C., 203. (2001).
[17] P.F. Lagasse and, E.V. “ASCE compendium of stream stability and
bridge scour papers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 127(7):
531-533. Richardson (2001).
[18] J Chabert. and, P. Engeldinger, “Etude des affouillements autour des
piles de points (Study of scour at bridge piers).” Bureau Central
d’Etudes les Equipment d’Outre-Mer, Laboratoire National
d’Hydraulique, France, (1956)
[19] Chiew Yee-Meng, Ng See King and Lim Siow-Yong, “Hydraulic
Problem in Malaysia,” Presentation in an International Symposium
organized by the International Society of Soil Mechanics and
Geotechnical Engineering Technical Committee TC- 33 on Scour of
Foundations, Melbourne, Australia, 19 November 2000.
[20] D. A. M. Kueh, “Effects Of Scour On Semi-Integral Bridge In Main
Channel” Bachelor Thesis, University of Malaya (2006)
[21] C.S. Lauchlan, S.E. Coleman, B.W. Melville, Temporal Scour
Development at Bridge Abutments, 29th Congress of the international
Association for Hydraulic Research, Beijing Proceedings (2002)
[22] Y.M. Chiew and, B.W. Melville, “ Temporal development of local scour
depth at bridge piers” North American Water and Environment
Congress, A.S.C.E., Anaheim, California, U.S.A., June, 1996.
[23] B.W. Melville and, Y.M. Chiew, “ Time scale for local scour at bridge
piers,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, A.S.C.E., Vol.125(1), pp.59-
65, 1999.
[24] S. Akib, , M. M. Fayyadh and I Othman, “Structural Behavior of a
Skewed Integral Bridge Affected by Different Parameters,” The Baltic
Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 6 (2), 107-114. (2011) DOI:
10.3846/bjrbe.2011.15,
[25] M.M. Fayyadh, S. Akib, I. Othman, H.A. Razak, “Experimental
investigation and finite element modeling of the effects of flow
velocities on a skewed integral bridge,” Simulation Modeling Practice
and Theory, 19, 1975-1810. (2011)
[26] M. Mia, and H. Nago”, Design Method of Time-Dependent Local Scour
at Circular Bridge Pier.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(6), 420–427., (2003).
[27] U.C. Kothyari, R.J. Garde, K.G.R. Raju, “Temporal variation of scour
around circular bridge piers.” J. Hyd. Eng., ASCE, 118(8), 1091-1106,
(1992).</p>
<p>[1] H.H. Chang, “Fluvial processes in river engineering” John Wiley &
Sons, pp. 432 , (1988)
[2] A. J. Raudkivi, R. Ettema, “Clear Water Scour at Cylindrical Piers,
Journal of Hydraulics Engineering,” ASCE, 109(3), pp 338-350 (1983)
[3] P. F. Lagasse, P. L. Thompson, and S. A. Sabol, “Guarding against
scour”. Civil Engineering, June, 1995
[4] P. A. Johnson and D. A. Dock, “Probabilistic bridge scour estimates.
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,” Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 750–754, (1996)
[5] B. W. Melville and S. E. Coleman, “Bridge, Water Resources”
Publications LLC, Littleton, Colorado, (2000)
[6] P.E. Clopper, , P.F. Lagasse and, L.W. Zevenbergen, “Bridge Pier Scour
Countermeasures,” Proceedings of the 2007 World Environmental and
Water Resources Congress, May 15-19, 2007, Tampa, Florida
[7] A. Masjedi, M.S. Bejestan and A. Esfandi, “Reduction of Local Scour
at a Bridge Pier using Collar in a 180 Degree Flume Bend,”Journal of
Applied Sciences, 10: 124-13, (2010).
[8] E.M. Laursen, A. Toch, “Scour Around Bridge Piers and Abutments,”
Bulletin No. 4, Iowa Highways Research Board, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A,
(1956)
[9] E.M. Laursen, ”Analysis of Relief Bridge Scour,” Journal of the
Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 89(3) 93-118, (1963)
[10] H.W. Shen, V.R. Schneider, S.S. Karaki, Local Scour around Bridge
Piers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 95(6), 1919-1940.,
(1969)
[11] H.N.C. Breusers, G. Nicollet, H.W. Shen, Local Scour around
Cylindrical Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, 15(3), 211-252
(1977)
[12] A.J. Raudkivi, Functional Trends of Scour at Bridge Piers, Journal of
Hydraulics Engineering, ASCE, 112(1), 1-13 (1986)
[13] H.N.C. Breusers, A.J. Raudkivi, Scouring Hydraulic Structures Design
Manual, No. 2, IAHR, Balkema, Rotterdam, 109-116, (1991)
[14] G. W. Parker, L. Bratton, and, D. S. Armstrong , “Stream stability and
scour assessments at bridges in Massachusetts.” U.S. Geological Survey
Open File Report No. 97-588 (CD-ROM), Massachusetts Highway
Dept. Bridge Section, Marlborough, Mass., 53 (1997).
[15] A.T. Moncada - M, J. A.-P. “Scour Protection Of Circular Bridge Piers
with Collars and Slots.”Journal of Hydraulic Research , 119-126
(2009).
[16] E. V. Richardson, and, S. R. Davis “Evaluating scour at bridges 3rd ed.”
Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Circular No.
18: FHWA-IP-90–017, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington,
D.C., 203. (2001).
[17] P.F. Lagasse and, E.V. “ASCE compendium of stream stability and
bridge scour papers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 127(7):
531-533. Richardson (2001).
[18] J Chabert. and, P. Engeldinger, “Etude des affouillements autour des
piles de points (Study of scour at bridge piers).” Bureau Central
d’Etudes les Equipment d’Outre-Mer, Laboratoire National
d’Hydraulique, France, (1956)
[19] Chiew Yee-Meng, Ng See King and Lim Siow-Yong, “Hydraulic
Problem in Malaysia,” Presentation in an International Symposium
organized by the International Society of Soil Mechanics and
Geotechnical Engineering Technical Committee TC- 33 on Scour of
Foundations, Melbourne, Australia, 19 November 2000.
[20] D. A. M. Kueh, “Effects Of Scour On Semi-Integral Bridge In Main
Channel” Bachelor Thesis, University of Malaya (2006)
[21] C.S. Lauchlan, S.E. Coleman, B.W. Melville, Temporal Scour
Development at Bridge Abutments, 29th Congress of the international
Association for Hydraulic Research, Beijing Proceedings (2002)
[22] Y.M. Chiew and, B.W. Melville, “ Temporal development of local scour
depth at bridge piers” North American Water and Environment
Congress, A.S.C.E., Anaheim, California, U.S.A., June, 1996.
[23] B.W. Melville and, Y.M. Chiew, “ Time scale for local scour at bridge
piers,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, A.S.C.E., Vol.125(1), pp.59-
65, 1999.
[24] S. Akib, , M. M. Fayyadh and I Othman, “Structural Behavior of a
Skewed Integral Bridge Affected by Different Parameters,” The Baltic
Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 6 (2), 107-114. (2011) DOI:
10.3846/bjrbe.2011.15,
[25] M.M. Fayyadh, S. Akib, I. Othman, H.A. Razak, “Experimental
investigation and finite element modeling of the effects of flow
velocities on a skewed integral bridge,” Simulation Modeling Practice
and Theory, 19, 1975-1810. (2011)
[26] M. Mia, and H. Nago”, Design Method of Time-Dependent Local Scour
at Circular Bridge Pier.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(6), 420–427., (2003).
[27] U.C. Kothyari, R.J. Garde, K.G.R. Raju, “Temporal variation of scour
around circular bridge piers.” J. Hyd. Eng., ASCE, 118(8), 1091-1106,
(1992).</p>
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:56999", author = "Shatirah Akib and Sadia Rahman", title = "Time Development of Local Scour around Semi Integral Bridge Piers and Piles in Malaysia", abstract = "Scouring around a bridge pier is a complex
phenomenon. More laboratory experiments are required to
understand the scour mechanism. This paper focused on time
development of local scour around piers and piles in semi integral
bridges. Laboratory data collected at Hydraulics Laboratory,
University of Malaya was analyzed for this purpose. Tests were
performed with two different uniform sediment sizes and five ranges
of flow velocities. Fine and coarse sediments were tested in the
flume. Results showed that scour depths for both pier and piles
increased with time up to certain levels and after that they became
almost constant. It had been found that scour depths increased when
discharges increased. Coarser sediment also produced lesser scouring
at the piers and combined piles.
", keywords = "Pier, pile, scour, semi integral bridge, time.", volume = "7", number = "7", pages = "557-6", }
