Thermomechanical and Metallurgical Analysis of SMA and GTA Welded Low Carbon Steel Butt Joints
This research paper portrays a comparative analysis of
thermomechanical behaviour of Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) of low carbon
steel of AISI 1020 grade butt joints. The thermal history has been
obtained by experimental work. We have focused on temperature
dependent cooling rate as depicted by Adam’s two-dimensional
model. The effect of moving point heat source of SMAW and GTAW
on mechanical properties has been judged by optical and scanning
electron micrographs of different regions in weld joints. The
microhardness study has been carried to visualize the joint strength
due to formation of different phases.
[1] J. A. Goldak and M. Akhlaghi, Computational welding mechanics.
Spring Street, New York 100013, USA: Springer Science+Business
Media Inc, 2005.
[2] Rosenthal D., “The theory of moving sources of heat and its applications
to metal treatments”, Trans. ASME, 1946, Vol. 68, pp. 849-865.
[3] Pavelic V. Et al., “Experimental and computed temperatures histories in
gas tungsten arc welding of thin plates, Welding Journal Research
Supplement”, 1969, Vol. 48, pp. 2952-305s.
[4] C. L. Tsai and C. A. Hou, “Theoretical analysis of weld pool behaviour
in the pulsed current GTAW process”, Journal of Heat Transfer, 1988,
vol. 110, pp. 160-165.
[5] Jones BK, Emery AF and Marburger J. An analytical and experimental
study of the effects of welding parameters in fusion welds, Welding J.,
1993, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp 5 IS-59s.
[6] Goldak J. A. et al., “Thermal stress analysis in solids near the liquid
region in the weld: Mathematical modeling of weld phenomena”, The
Institute of Materials, 1997, pp. 543 -570.
[7] Little G. H. and Kamtekar A. G., “The effect of thermal properties and
weld efficiency on transient temperatures in welding”, Computers and
Structures, 1998, vol. 68, pp. 157 - 165.
[8] Komanduri R. and Hou Z. B., “Thermal analysis of arc welding process:
Part I. General solutions”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,
2000, vol. 31B, pp. 1353 - 1370.
[9] Komanduri R. and Hou Z. B., “Thermal analysis of arc welding process:
Part II. Effect of Thermophysical Properties with Temperature”,
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001, vol. 33B, pp. 483 -
499.
[10] Zhu X. K. and Chao Y. J., “Effect of temperature dependent material
properties on welding simulation”, Computers and Structures, 2002, vol.
80, pp. 967 - 976.
[11] Poorhaydari K. Et al., “Estimation of cooling rate in the welding of
plates with intermediate thickness”, Welding Journal, 2005, pp. 149s -
155s. [12] Mousavi Akbari S. A. A. and Miresmaeili R., “Experimental and
numerical analyses of residual stress distributions in TIG welding
process for 304L stainless steel”, Journal of Material Processing
Technology, 2008, vol. 208, pp. 383 - 394.
[13] Del Coz Diaz J. J. Et al., “Comparative analysis of TIG welding
distortions between austenitic and duplex stainless steels by FEM”,
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, vol. 30, pp. 2448 - 2459.
[14] Pathak C. S. Et al., “Analysis of thermal cycle during multipass arc
welding”, Welding Journal, 2012, vol. 91, pp. 149s - 154s.
[15] Ravisankar A. et al., “Influence of welding speed and power on residual
stress during gas tungsten arc welding of thin sections with constant heat
input: A study using numerical simulation and experimental validation”,
J. of Manufacturing Process, 2014, vol. 16, pp. 200 - 211.
[16] Alireza B. et al., “Computational analysis of the effect of welding
parameters on energy consumption in GTA welding process”,
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2015, vol. 93, pp. 111-
119.
[17] Mohandas T et al., “A comparative evaluation of gas tungsten and
shielded metal arc welds of a “ferritic” stainless steel”, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology, 1999, vol. 94, pp. 133-140.
[18] Datta R et al., “Weldability characteristics of shielded metal arc welded
high strength quenched and tempered plates”, Journal of Material
Engineering and Performance, 2002, vol. 11 (1), pp. 5-10.
[19] Ahmet Durgutlu, “Experimental investigation of the effect of hydrogen
in argon as a shielding gas on TIG welding of austenitic stainless steel”,
Materials and Design, 2004, vol. 25, pp. 19-23.
[20] Bala Srinivasan P. et al., “Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of
shielded metal arc welded dissimilar joints comprising duplex stainless
steel and low alloy steel”, Journal of Material Engineering and
Performance, 2006, vol. 22, pp. 758-764.
[21] Magudeeswaran G. et al., “Effect of welding processes and consumables
on high cycle fatigue life of high strength, quenched and tempered steel
joints”, Materials and Design, 2008, vol. 29, pp. 1821-1827.
[22] Moeinifar S. et al., “Influence of peak temperature during simulation and
real thermal cycles on microstructure and fracture properties of the
reheated zones”, Materials and Design, 2010, vol. 31, pp. 2948-2955.
[23] Chuaiphan Wichan and Srijaroenpramong Loeshpahn, “Effect of
welding speed on microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion
behaviour of GTA welded AISI 201 stainless steel sheets”, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology, 2014, vol. 214, pp. 402-408.
[24] Dieter George E., “Mechanical Metallurgy”, McGraw Hill, 3rd ed. Pp 75-
77.
[25] Goncalves C V, Carvalho S R and Guimaraes G, “Application of
Optimization Techniques and the Enthalpy Method to Solve a 3-D
Inverse Problem During a TIG Welding Process”, Applied Thermal
Engineering, 2010, vol. 30, pp. 2396-2402.
[1] J. A. Goldak and M. Akhlaghi, Computational welding mechanics.
Spring Street, New York 100013, USA: Springer Science+Business
Media Inc, 2005.
[2] Rosenthal D., “The theory of moving sources of heat and its applications
to metal treatments”, Trans. ASME, 1946, Vol. 68, pp. 849-865.
[3] Pavelic V. Et al., “Experimental and computed temperatures histories in
gas tungsten arc welding of thin plates, Welding Journal Research
Supplement”, 1969, Vol. 48, pp. 2952-305s.
[4] C. L. Tsai and C. A. Hou, “Theoretical analysis of weld pool behaviour
in the pulsed current GTAW process”, Journal of Heat Transfer, 1988,
vol. 110, pp. 160-165.
[5] Jones BK, Emery AF and Marburger J. An analytical and experimental
study of the effects of welding parameters in fusion welds, Welding J.,
1993, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp 5 IS-59s.
[6] Goldak J. A. et al., “Thermal stress analysis in solids near the liquid
region in the weld: Mathematical modeling of weld phenomena”, The
Institute of Materials, 1997, pp. 543 -570.
[7] Little G. H. and Kamtekar A. G., “The effect of thermal properties and
weld efficiency on transient temperatures in welding”, Computers and
Structures, 1998, vol. 68, pp. 157 - 165.
[8] Komanduri R. and Hou Z. B., “Thermal analysis of arc welding process:
Part I. General solutions”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,
2000, vol. 31B, pp. 1353 - 1370.
[9] Komanduri R. and Hou Z. B., “Thermal analysis of arc welding process:
Part II. Effect of Thermophysical Properties with Temperature”,
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001, vol. 33B, pp. 483 -
499.
[10] Zhu X. K. and Chao Y. J., “Effect of temperature dependent material
properties on welding simulation”, Computers and Structures, 2002, vol.
80, pp. 967 - 976.
[11] Poorhaydari K. Et al., “Estimation of cooling rate in the welding of
plates with intermediate thickness”, Welding Journal, 2005, pp. 149s -
155s. [12] Mousavi Akbari S. A. A. and Miresmaeili R., “Experimental and
numerical analyses of residual stress distributions in TIG welding
process for 304L stainless steel”, Journal of Material Processing
Technology, 2008, vol. 208, pp. 383 - 394.
[13] Del Coz Diaz J. J. Et al., “Comparative analysis of TIG welding
distortions between austenitic and duplex stainless steels by FEM”,
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, vol. 30, pp. 2448 - 2459.
[14] Pathak C. S. Et al., “Analysis of thermal cycle during multipass arc
welding”, Welding Journal, 2012, vol. 91, pp. 149s - 154s.
[15] Ravisankar A. et al., “Influence of welding speed and power on residual
stress during gas tungsten arc welding of thin sections with constant heat
input: A study using numerical simulation and experimental validation”,
J. of Manufacturing Process, 2014, vol. 16, pp. 200 - 211.
[16] Alireza B. et al., “Computational analysis of the effect of welding
parameters on energy consumption in GTA welding process”,
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2015, vol. 93, pp. 111-
119.
[17] Mohandas T et al., “A comparative evaluation of gas tungsten and
shielded metal arc welds of a “ferritic” stainless steel”, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology, 1999, vol. 94, pp. 133-140.
[18] Datta R et al., “Weldability characteristics of shielded metal arc welded
high strength quenched and tempered plates”, Journal of Material
Engineering and Performance, 2002, vol. 11 (1), pp. 5-10.
[19] Ahmet Durgutlu, “Experimental investigation of the effect of hydrogen
in argon as a shielding gas on TIG welding of austenitic stainless steel”,
Materials and Design, 2004, vol. 25, pp. 19-23.
[20] Bala Srinivasan P. et al., “Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of
shielded metal arc welded dissimilar joints comprising duplex stainless
steel and low alloy steel”, Journal of Material Engineering and
Performance, 2006, vol. 22, pp. 758-764.
[21] Magudeeswaran G. et al., “Effect of welding processes and consumables
on high cycle fatigue life of high strength, quenched and tempered steel
joints”, Materials and Design, 2008, vol. 29, pp. 1821-1827.
[22] Moeinifar S. et al., “Influence of peak temperature during simulation and
real thermal cycles on microstructure and fracture properties of the
reheated zones”, Materials and Design, 2010, vol. 31, pp. 2948-2955.
[23] Chuaiphan Wichan and Srijaroenpramong Loeshpahn, “Effect of
welding speed on microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion
behaviour of GTA welded AISI 201 stainless steel sheets”, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology, 2014, vol. 214, pp. 402-408.
[24] Dieter George E., “Mechanical Metallurgy”, McGraw Hill, 3rd ed. Pp 75-
77.
[25] Goncalves C V, Carvalho S R and Guimaraes G, “Application of
Optimization Techniques and the Enthalpy Method to Solve a 3-D
Inverse Problem During a TIG Welding Process”, Applied Thermal
Engineering, 2010, vol. 30, pp. 2396-2402.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:71438", author = "J. Dutta and P. Pranith Kumar Reddy", title = "Thermomechanical and Metallurgical Analysis of SMA and GTA Welded Low Carbon Steel Butt Joints", abstract = "This research paper portrays a comparative analysis of
thermomechanical behaviour of Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) of low carbon
steel of AISI 1020 grade butt joints. The thermal history has been
obtained by experimental work. We have focused on temperature
dependent cooling rate as depicted by Adam’s two-dimensional
model. The effect of moving point heat source of SMAW and GTAW
on mechanical properties has been judged by optical and scanning
electron micrographs of different regions in weld joints. The
microhardness study has been carried to visualize the joint strength
due to formation of different phases.
", keywords = "Shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc
welding, low carbon steel, microhardness study, thermal history,
microscopic morphology.", volume = "9", number = "7", pages = "919-6", }
