The Role of Nozzle-Exit Conditions on the Flow Field of a Plane Jet
This article reviews the role of nozzle-exit conditions on the flow field of a plane jet. The jet issuing from a sharp-edged orifice plate at a Reynolds number (Re=18000) with nozzle aspect ratio (AR=72) exhibits the greatest shear-layer instabilities, highest entrainment and jet-spreading rates compared to the radially contoured nozzle. The growth rate of the shear-layer is the highest for the orifice-jet although this property could be amplified for larger Re or AR. A local peak in turbulent energy is found at x»10h. The peak appears to be elevated for an orifice-jet with lower Re or AR. The far-field energy sustained by the orifice-jet exceeds the contoured case although a higher Re and AR may enhance this value. The spectra demonstrated the largest eddy structures for the contoured nozzle. However, the frequency of coherent eddies is higher for the orifice-jet, with a larger magnitude achievable for lower Re and AR.
[1] A. A. Townsend, The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, Cambridge University Press, 1956.
[2] W. George, and L. Davidson, L. "Role of initial conditions in establishing asymptotic flow behavior”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, vol 42 (3), pp 438–446, 2004.
[3] W. K. George, "The self-Preservation of turbulent flows and its relation to initial conditions”, in Recent Advances in Turbulence, Hemisphere, New York, pp 39–73, 1989.
[4] A. K. M. F. Hussain, and A. R. Clark, "Upstream influence on the near field of a planar turbulent jet”, Phys. Fluids, vol 20(9), 1977.
[5] J. J. Flora, V. W. Goldschmidt, "Virtual origins of a free plane turbulent jet”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, vol 7(12), pp 2344–2446, 1969.
[6] R. C. Deo, "Experimental investigations of the influence of Reynolds number and boundary conditions on a plane air jet” Ph.D. Thesis, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Australia, 2005. Available at Australian Digital Thesis Program, http://thesis.library.adelaide.edu.au/public/adt-UA20051025.054550/index.html.
[7] R. C. Deo, J. Mi, and G. J. Nathan, "The influence of nozzle-exit geometric profile on statistical properties of a turbulent plane jet,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Sciences, vol 32, 545, (2007).
[8] R. C. Deo, J. Mi, and G. J. Nathan, "The influence of nozzle aspect ratio on plane jets,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol 31 (8), pp 825-833, (2007).
[9] R. C. Deo, J. Mi, and G. J. Nathan, "Comparison of turbulent jets issuing from rectangular nozzles with and without sidewalls,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Sciences, vol 32, pp 596, (2007).
[10] R. C. Deo, J. Mi, and G. J. Nathan, "The influence of Reynolds number on a plane jet,” Physics of Fluids, vol 20 (7), pp 075108-1, (2008).
[11] P. R. Suresh, K. Srinivasan, T. Sundararajan, and K. Das Sarit, "Reynolds number dependence of plane jet development in the transitional regime,” Physics of Fluids, vol 20(4), pp 044105-12, (2008).
[12] G. Heskestad, "Hot-wire measurements in a plane turbulent jet,” Transactions of ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol 32, pp 721-734, (1965).
[13] L. J. S. Bradbury, "The structure of self-preserving turbulent planar jet” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol 23, pp 31–64, (1965).
[14] G. P. Lemieux, P. H. Oosthuizen, "Experimental study of behavior of planar turbulent jets at low Reynolds numbers,” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, vol 23, pp 1845–1846, (1985).
[15] C. Bogey, and C. Bailly, "Influence of nozzle-exit boundary-layer conditions on the flow and acoustic fields of initially laminar jets,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol 663, pp 507-538, (2010).
[16] I. Namar, and M. V. Ötügen, "Velocity measurements in a planar turbulent air jet at moderate Reynolds numbers,” Experiments in Fluids, vol 6, pp 387, (1988).
[17] K. B. M. Q. Zaman, "Far-field noise of a subsonic jet under controlled excitation,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol 152, pp 83, (1985).
[18] J. Mi, G. J. Nathan, and D. S. Nobes, ‘Mixing characteristics of axisymmetric free jets from a contoured nozzle, an orifice plate and a pipe”, ASME Journal of Fluid Engineering, vol 123, 878–883, 2001.
[19] F. C. Lockwood, and A. Moneib, ‘‘Fluctuating Temperature Measurements in a Heated Round Free Jet,’’ Combustion. Science Technology, vol 22, pp. 63–81, 1980.
[20] M. Breuer, "A challenging test case for large eddy simulation: high Reynolds number circular cylinder flow’, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol 21, pp 648-654, 2000.
[21] H. Hirovasu, M. Shimizu, and M. Arai. M. "The break-up of high speed jet in a high pressure gaseous atmosphere”, in Proc. The 2nd International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, 1982.
[22] R. C. Deo, G. J., and J. Mi. "Similarity analysis of the momentum field of a subsonic, plane air jet with varying jet-exit and local Reynolds numbers”, Physics of Fluids, vol 25 (1). pp 015115-1, 2013.
[23] A. Abel-Raheman, "Review of effects of initial and boundary conditions on turbulent jets”, WSEAS transactions on Fluid Mechanics, vol 5(4), pp 257 – 275, 2010.
[24] B. G. Van Der Hegge Zijnen, ‘Measurements of the distribution of heat and matter in a plane turbulent jet of air”, Applied Scientific Research, vol A7, pp 277–292, 1958.
[25] W. Quinn, "Development of a large-aspect ratio rectangular turbulent free jet”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, vol 32(3), 2007.
[26] H. H. Brunn, Hot Wire Anemometry: Principles and Signal Analysis, Oxford Press, 1995.
[27] L. W. B. Browne, R. A. Antonia, S. Rajagopalan, and A. J. Chambers, "Structure of complex turbulent shear flows”, IUTAM Symposium, Marcseille, pp. 411–419, 1982.
[28] A. J. Chambers, R. A. Antonia, and L. W. B. Browne, "Effect of symmetry and asymmetry of turbulent structures on the interaction region of a plane jet”, Experiments in Fluids vol 3, 343–348, 1985.
[29] P. Bradshaw, "An introduction to turbulence and its measurements”, Pergamon, 1971.
[30] J. Tan-Atichat, W. K. George, and S. Woodward, "Use of Data Acquisition and Processing: Handbook of Fluids and Fluids Engineering”, Vol. 3, Wiley, 1996.
[31] C. M. Ho, and E. J. Gutmark "Vortex Induction and Mass Entrainment in a Small-Aspect Ratio Elliptic Jet’, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 179, pp. 383–405, 1987
[32] W. R. Quinn, "Experimental study of the near field and transition region of a free jet issuing from a sharp-edged elliptic orifice plate”. European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, Vol. 26(4), pp. 583-614, 2007.
[33] P. L. O’Neill, D. Nicolaides, D. Honnery, and J. Soria, "Autocorrelation functions and the determination of integral length with reference to experimental and numerical data” in Proc. The Fifteenth Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference (CD-ROM), The University of Sydney, Australia, edited by M. Behnia, W. Lin, and G. D. McBain, (Sydney), 2004.
[1] A. A. Townsend, The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, Cambridge University Press, 1956.
[2] W. George, and L. Davidson, L. "Role of initial conditions in establishing asymptotic flow behavior”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, vol 42 (3), pp 438–446, 2004.
[3] W. K. George, "The self-Preservation of turbulent flows and its relation to initial conditions”, in Recent Advances in Turbulence, Hemisphere, New York, pp 39–73, 1989.
[4] A. K. M. F. Hussain, and A. R. Clark, "Upstream influence on the near field of a planar turbulent jet”, Phys. Fluids, vol 20(9), 1977.
[5] J. J. Flora, V. W. Goldschmidt, "Virtual origins of a free plane turbulent jet”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, vol 7(12), pp 2344–2446, 1969.
[6] R. C. Deo, "Experimental investigations of the influence of Reynolds number and boundary conditions on a plane air jet” Ph.D. Thesis, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Australia, 2005. Available at Australian Digital Thesis Program, http://thesis.library.adelaide.edu.au/public/adt-UA20051025.054550/index.html.
[7] R. C. Deo, J. Mi, and G. J. Nathan, "The influence of nozzle-exit geometric profile on statistical properties of a turbulent plane jet,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Sciences, vol 32, 545, (2007).
[8] R. C. Deo, J. Mi, and G. J. Nathan, "The influence of nozzle aspect ratio on plane jets,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol 31 (8), pp 825-833, (2007).
[9] R. C. Deo, J. Mi, and G. J. Nathan, "Comparison of turbulent jets issuing from rectangular nozzles with and without sidewalls,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Sciences, vol 32, pp 596, (2007).
[10] R. C. Deo, J. Mi, and G. J. Nathan, "The influence of Reynolds number on a plane jet,” Physics of Fluids, vol 20 (7), pp 075108-1, (2008).
[11] P. R. Suresh, K. Srinivasan, T. Sundararajan, and K. Das Sarit, "Reynolds number dependence of plane jet development in the transitional regime,” Physics of Fluids, vol 20(4), pp 044105-12, (2008).
[12] G. Heskestad, "Hot-wire measurements in a plane turbulent jet,” Transactions of ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol 32, pp 721-734, (1965).
[13] L. J. S. Bradbury, "The structure of self-preserving turbulent planar jet” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol 23, pp 31–64, (1965).
[14] G. P. Lemieux, P. H. Oosthuizen, "Experimental study of behavior of planar turbulent jets at low Reynolds numbers,” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, vol 23, pp 1845–1846, (1985).
[15] C. Bogey, and C. Bailly, "Influence of nozzle-exit boundary-layer conditions on the flow and acoustic fields of initially laminar jets,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol 663, pp 507-538, (2010).
[16] I. Namar, and M. V. Ötügen, "Velocity measurements in a planar turbulent air jet at moderate Reynolds numbers,” Experiments in Fluids, vol 6, pp 387, (1988).
[17] K. B. M. Q. Zaman, "Far-field noise of a subsonic jet under controlled excitation,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol 152, pp 83, (1985).
[18] J. Mi, G. J. Nathan, and D. S. Nobes, ‘Mixing characteristics of axisymmetric free jets from a contoured nozzle, an orifice plate and a pipe”, ASME Journal of Fluid Engineering, vol 123, 878–883, 2001.
[19] F. C. Lockwood, and A. Moneib, ‘‘Fluctuating Temperature Measurements in a Heated Round Free Jet,’’ Combustion. Science Technology, vol 22, pp. 63–81, 1980.
[20] M. Breuer, "A challenging test case for large eddy simulation: high Reynolds number circular cylinder flow’, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol 21, pp 648-654, 2000.
[21] H. Hirovasu, M. Shimizu, and M. Arai. M. "The break-up of high speed jet in a high pressure gaseous atmosphere”, in Proc. The 2nd International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, 1982.
[22] R. C. Deo, G. J., and J. Mi. "Similarity analysis of the momentum field of a subsonic, plane air jet with varying jet-exit and local Reynolds numbers”, Physics of Fluids, vol 25 (1). pp 015115-1, 2013.
[23] A. Abel-Raheman, "Review of effects of initial and boundary conditions on turbulent jets”, WSEAS transactions on Fluid Mechanics, vol 5(4), pp 257 – 275, 2010.
[24] B. G. Van Der Hegge Zijnen, ‘Measurements of the distribution of heat and matter in a plane turbulent jet of air”, Applied Scientific Research, vol A7, pp 277–292, 1958.
[25] W. Quinn, "Development of a large-aspect ratio rectangular turbulent free jet”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, vol 32(3), 2007.
[26] H. H. Brunn, Hot Wire Anemometry: Principles and Signal Analysis, Oxford Press, 1995.
[27] L. W. B. Browne, R. A. Antonia, S. Rajagopalan, and A. J. Chambers, "Structure of complex turbulent shear flows”, IUTAM Symposium, Marcseille, pp. 411–419, 1982.
[28] A. J. Chambers, R. A. Antonia, and L. W. B. Browne, "Effect of symmetry and asymmetry of turbulent structures on the interaction region of a plane jet”, Experiments in Fluids vol 3, 343–348, 1985.
[29] P. Bradshaw, "An introduction to turbulence and its measurements”, Pergamon, 1971.
[30] J. Tan-Atichat, W. K. George, and S. Woodward, "Use of Data Acquisition and Processing: Handbook of Fluids and Fluids Engineering”, Vol. 3, Wiley, 1996.
[31] C. M. Ho, and E. J. Gutmark "Vortex Induction and Mass Entrainment in a Small-Aspect Ratio Elliptic Jet’, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 179, pp. 383–405, 1987
[32] W. R. Quinn, "Experimental study of the near field and transition region of a free jet issuing from a sharp-edged elliptic orifice plate”. European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, Vol. 26(4), pp. 583-614, 2007.
[33] P. L. O’Neill, D. Nicolaides, D. Honnery, and J. Soria, "Autocorrelation functions and the determination of integral length with reference to experimental and numerical data” in Proc. The Fifteenth Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference (CD-ROM), The University of Sydney, Australia, edited by M. Behnia, W. Lin, and G. D. McBain, (Sydney), 2004.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:65888", author = "Ravinesh C. Deo", title = "The Role of Nozzle-Exit Conditions on the Flow Field of a Plane Jet", abstract = "This article reviews the role of nozzle-exit conditions on the flow field of a plane jet. The jet issuing from a sharp-edged orifice plate at a Reynolds number (Re=18000) with nozzle aspect ratio (AR=72) exhibits the greatest shear-layer instabilities, highest entrainment and jet-spreading rates compared to the radially contoured nozzle. The growth rate of the shear-layer is the highest for the orifice-jet although this property could be amplified for larger Re or AR. A local peak in turbulent energy is found at x»10h. The peak appears to be elevated for an orifice-jet with lower Re or AR. The far-field energy sustained by the orifice-jet exceeds the contoured case although a higher Re and AR may enhance this value. The spectra demonstrated the largest eddy structures for the contoured nozzle. However, the frequency of coherent eddies is higher for the orifice-jet, with a larger magnitude achievable for lower Re and AR.
", keywords = "Plane jet, Reynolds number, nozzle-exit conditions, nozzle geometry, aspect ratio.", volume = "7", number = "12", pages = "2516-10", }
