The Effect of Interlamellar Distance in Pearlite on CGI Machining
Swedish truck industry is investigating the possibility
for implementing the use of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) in their
heavy duty diesel engines. Compared to the alloyed gray iron used
today, CGI has superior mechanical properties but not as good
machinability. Another issue that needs to be addressed when
implementing CGI is the inhomogeneous microstructure when the
cast component has different section thicknesses, as in cylinder
blocks. Thinner sections results in finer pearlite, in the material, with
higher strength. Therefore an investigation on its influence on
machinability was needed. This paper focuses on the effect that
interlamellar distance in pearlite has on CGI machinability and
material physical properties. The effect of pearlite content and
nodularity is also examined. The results showed that interlamellar
distance in pearlite did not have as large effect on the material
physical properties or machinability as pearlite content. The paper
also shows the difficulties of obtaining a homogeneous
microstructure in inhomogeneous workpieces.
[1] S. Dawson and T. Schroeder, "Practical Applications for Compacted
Graphite Iron," in Transactions of the American Foundry Society and
the One Hundred Eigth Annual Metalcasting Congress, Rosemont, USA,
2004, pp. 813-821.
[2] W. Guesser, T. Schroeder, and S. Dawson, "Production Experience With
Compacted Graphite Iron Automotive Components," in AFS
Transactions 01-071, 2001, Reprinted from 2001 AFS Transactions.
[3] L. Collini, G. Nicoletto, and R. Konecná, "Microstructure and
mechanical properties of pearlitic gray cast iron," Materials science and
engineering A, vol. 488, pp. 529-539, 2008.
[4] G. M. Goodrich, Iron Castings Engineering Handbook. Schaumburg,
USA: American Foundery Society, 2006.
[5] C. Heisser and J. C. Strum, "Casting Process Simulation of Compacted
Graphite Iron (03-025)," in Transaction of hte American Foundry
Society and the One Hundred Seventh Annual Casting Congress,
Milwaukee, 2003, pp. 685-692.
[6] A. Berglund and C. M. Nicolescu, "Investigation of the effect of
microstructure on CGI machining," in Swedish Production Symposium,
Gothenburg, Sweden, 2007.
[7] A. Sahm, E. Abele, and H. Schultz, "Machining of Compacted Graphite
Iron (CGI)," Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, vol. 33, no. 9,
pp. 501-506, Sep 2002.
[8] U. Reuter, Verschleissmechanismen bei der bearbeitung con gusseisen
mit PCBN-schneidstoffen. Darmstadt, Germany: Darmstadt Techn.
Univ., 2001, PhD Thesis.
[9] E. Abele, A. Sahm, and H. Schultz, "Wear Mechanism when Machining
Compacted Graphite Iron," CIRP Annals - Manufaturing Technology,
vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 53-56, 2002.
[10] I. Sadik, "The Interaction between Cutting Data and Tool Performance
for different Cutting Tool Material in Milling of Compacted Graphite
Iron," in Sixth International Conference on High Speed Machining 2007,
2007.
[11] A. Berglund, Characterization of factors interacting in CGI machining.
Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology, Production
Engineering, 2008, Licentiate Thesis.
[12] S. Dawson et al., "The Effect of Metallurgical Variables on the
Machinability of Compacted Graphite Iron," in SAE 2001 World
congress, Detroit, 2001, pp. 4-16.
[13] R. E. Showman and R. C. Aufderheide, "Controlling Nodularity in Thin-
Wall Compacted Graphite Iron Castings," in Transactions of the
American Foundry Society and the One Hundred Eigth Annual
Metalcasting Congress, Rosemont, Il, USA, 2004, pp. 823-829.
[14] S. Kim, S.L. Cockcroft, and A.M. Omran, "Optimization of the process
parameters affecting the microstructures and properties if compacted
graphite iron (article in press)," Journal of Alloys and compounds, 2008.
[15] A. Berglund and M. Näslund, Skärbarheten hos Kompaktgrafitjärn.
Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology, Production
Engineering, 2006, Master Thesis.
[16] F. Mampaey, "Prediction of gray iron tensile strength by the separation
of variables," AFS Transaction, vol. 97, pp. 879-897, 2004.
[1] S. Dawson and T. Schroeder, "Practical Applications for Compacted
Graphite Iron," in Transactions of the American Foundry Society and
the One Hundred Eigth Annual Metalcasting Congress, Rosemont, USA,
2004, pp. 813-821.
[2] W. Guesser, T. Schroeder, and S. Dawson, "Production Experience With
Compacted Graphite Iron Automotive Components," in AFS
Transactions 01-071, 2001, Reprinted from 2001 AFS Transactions.
[3] L. Collini, G. Nicoletto, and R. Konecná, "Microstructure and
mechanical properties of pearlitic gray cast iron," Materials science and
engineering A, vol. 488, pp. 529-539, 2008.
[4] G. M. Goodrich, Iron Castings Engineering Handbook. Schaumburg,
USA: American Foundery Society, 2006.
[5] C. Heisser and J. C. Strum, "Casting Process Simulation of Compacted
Graphite Iron (03-025)," in Transaction of hte American Foundry
Society and the One Hundred Seventh Annual Casting Congress,
Milwaukee, 2003, pp. 685-692.
[6] A. Berglund and C. M. Nicolescu, "Investigation of the effect of
microstructure on CGI machining," in Swedish Production Symposium,
Gothenburg, Sweden, 2007.
[7] A. Sahm, E. Abele, and H. Schultz, "Machining of Compacted Graphite
Iron (CGI)," Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, vol. 33, no. 9,
pp. 501-506, Sep 2002.
[8] U. Reuter, Verschleissmechanismen bei der bearbeitung con gusseisen
mit PCBN-schneidstoffen. Darmstadt, Germany: Darmstadt Techn.
Univ., 2001, PhD Thesis.
[9] E. Abele, A. Sahm, and H. Schultz, "Wear Mechanism when Machining
Compacted Graphite Iron," CIRP Annals - Manufaturing Technology,
vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 53-56, 2002.
[10] I. Sadik, "The Interaction between Cutting Data and Tool Performance
for different Cutting Tool Material in Milling of Compacted Graphite
Iron," in Sixth International Conference on High Speed Machining 2007,
2007.
[11] A. Berglund, Characterization of factors interacting in CGI machining.
Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology, Production
Engineering, 2008, Licentiate Thesis.
[12] S. Dawson et al., "The Effect of Metallurgical Variables on the
Machinability of Compacted Graphite Iron," in SAE 2001 World
congress, Detroit, 2001, pp. 4-16.
[13] R. E. Showman and R. C. Aufderheide, "Controlling Nodularity in Thin-
Wall Compacted Graphite Iron Castings," in Transactions of the
American Foundry Society and the One Hundred Eigth Annual
Metalcasting Congress, Rosemont, Il, USA, 2004, pp. 823-829.
[14] S. Kim, S.L. Cockcroft, and A.M. Omran, "Optimization of the process
parameters affecting the microstructures and properties if compacted
graphite iron (article in press)," Journal of Alloys and compounds, 2008.
[15] A. Berglund and M. Näslund, Skärbarheten hos Kompaktgrafitjärn.
Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology, Production
Engineering, 2006, Master Thesis.
[16] F. Mampaey, "Prediction of gray iron tensile strength by the separation
of variables," AFS Transaction, vol. 97, pp. 879-897, 2004.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:62307", author = "Anders Berglund and Cornel Mihai Nicolescu and Henrik Svensson", title = "The Effect of Interlamellar Distance in Pearlite on CGI Machining", abstract = "Swedish truck industry is investigating the possibility
for implementing the use of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) in their
heavy duty diesel engines. Compared to the alloyed gray iron used
today, CGI has superior mechanical properties but not as good
machinability. Another issue that needs to be addressed when
implementing CGI is the inhomogeneous microstructure when the
cast component has different section thicknesses, as in cylinder
blocks. Thinner sections results in finer pearlite, in the material, with
higher strength. Therefore an investigation on its influence on
machinability was needed. This paper focuses on the effect that
interlamellar distance in pearlite has on CGI machinability and
material physical properties. The effect of pearlite content and
nodularity is also examined. The results showed that interlamellar
distance in pearlite did not have as large effect on the material
physical properties or machinability as pearlite content. The paper
also shows the difficulties of obtaining a homogeneous
microstructure in inhomogeneous workpieces.", keywords = "Compacted graphite iron (CGI), machinability,
microstructure, milling, interlamellar distance in pearlite.", volume = "3", number = "5", pages = "638-8", }
