Structural Characterization and Physical Properties of Antimicrobial (AM) Starch-Based Films
Antimicrobial (AM) starch-based films were
developed by incorporating chitosan and lauric acid as antimicrobial
agent into starch-based film. Chitosan has wide range of applications
as a biomaterial, but barriers still exist to its broader use due to its
physical and chemical limitations. In this work, a series of
starch/chitosan (SC) blend films containing 8% of lauric acid was
prepared by casting method. The structure of the film was
characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Xray
diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The results indicated that there were strong interactions were present
between the hydroxyl groups of starch and the amino groups of
chitosan resulting in a good miscibility between starch and chitosan
in the blend films. Physical properties and optical properties of the
AM starch-based film were evaluated. The AM starch-based films
incorporated with chitosan and lauric acid showed an improvement in
water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and addition of starch
content provided more transparent films while the yellowness of the
film attributed to the higher chitosan content. The improvement in
water barrier properties was mainly attributed to the hydrophobicity
of lauric acid and optimum chitosan or starch content. AM starch
based film also showed excellent oxygen barrier. Obtaining films
with good oxygen permeability would be an indication of the
potential use of these antimicrobial packaging as a natural packaging
and an alternative packaging to the synthetic polymer to protect food
from oxidation reactions
[1] P. Suppakul, J. Miltz, K. Sonneveld and S. W. Bigger, " Active
packaging technologies with an emphasis on antimicrobial packaging
and its applications., Journal of Food Science, Vol. 68, Nr. 2, pp. 408-
418, 2003.
[2] F. Ayranci and S. A. Tunc, "Method for the measurement of the oxygen
permeability and the development of edible films to reduce the rate of
oxidative reactions in freshs foods, Food Chemistry, 80, pp. 423-431,
2003.
[3] V. Coma, I. Sebti, P. Pardon, A. Deschamps and H. Pichavant,
"Antimicrobial edible packaging based on cellulosic ethers, fatty acids
and nisin incorporation to inhibit Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus
aureus, J. Food Prot, 64 (4), pp. 470-475, 2001.
[4] L. R. Beuchat and D. A. Golden, "Antimicrobial Occurring Naturally in
Foods, Food Technology 43: pp. 134-142, 1989.
[5] A. Gennadios, C.L. Weller and R. F. Testin, "Temperature Effect on
Oxygen permeability of Edible Protein-Based films", Journal of Food
Science, 58: pp. 212-219, 1991.
[6] M. Petersson and M. Stading, "Water Vapour Permeability and
Mechanical Properties of Mixed Starch-Monoglyceride Films and Effect
of Film Forming Conditions", Food Hydrocolloids, 19, pp. 123-132,
2005.
[7] S. Mathew, M. Brahmakumar and T. A. Emilia, "Microstructural
Imaging and Characterization of the Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal and
Swelling Properties of Starch-Chitosan Blend Films", Biopolymers 82:
pp. 176-187, 2006.
[8] Z. Li, X. P. Zhuang, F. Liu, Y. L. Guan and K. D. Yao, "Study on
antibacterial O-carboxymethylated chitosan/cellulose blend film from
LiCI/N, N-dimethyl- acetamide solution", Polymer, vol. 43, pp. 1541-
1547, 2002.
[9] R. N. Ghosh, T. Jana, B. C. Ray and B. Adhikari, B,"Grafting of Vinyl
Acetate Onto Low Density Polyethylene-Starch Biodegradable Films for
Printing and Packaging Applications ", Polymer International, 53, pp.
339-343, 2004.
[10] S. Mathew and T. E. Abraham, "Characterisation of ferulic acid
incorporated starch-chitosan blend films", Food Hydrocolloids, 22, pp.
826-835, 2008.
[11] A. Rindlav, S.H.D. Hulleman and P. Gatenholm, "Formation of Starch
Films with Varying Crystallinity.,"Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, pp. 25-
30,1997.
[12] T. Bourtoom and M.S. Chinnan, "Preparation and Properties of Rice
Starch-Chitosan Blend Biodegradable Film.", LWT-Food Science and
Technology,41, pp. 1633-1641, 2008.
[13] Y. J. Yin, K. D. Yao, G. X. Cheng and J.B. Ma, " Properties of
Polyelectrolyte Complex Films of Chitosan and Gelatin.", Polymer
International, 48, pp. 429-433, 1999.
[14] Y. X. Xu, K. M. Kim, M. A. Hanna and D. Nag," Chitosan-Starch
Composite Film: Preparation and Characterization," Industrial Crops
and Products, 21, pp. 185-192, 2005.
[15] J.F. Mano, D. Koniarova and R. L. Reis, "Thermal Properties of
Thermoplastic Starch/Synthetic Polymer Blends with Potential
Biomedical Applicability",Journal Material Science: Mater. Med. 14:
pp. 127-135, 2003.
[16] P. Meenakshi, S. E. Noorjahan, R. Rajini, U. Venkateswarlu, C. Rose
and T.P. Sastry, "Mechanical and Microstructure Studies on the
Modification of CA Films by Blending with PS. Bull", Material
Science, 25, pp. 25-29, 2002.
[17] P. Kampeerapappun, D. Aht-ong, D. Pentrakoon and K. Srikulkit,
"Preparation of Cassava Starch/Montmorillonite Composite Film",
Carbohydrate Polymers, 67, pp. 155-163, 2007.
[18] J. H. Han and J.D. Floros, "Casting Antimicrobial Packaging Films and
Measuring Their Physical Properties and Antimicrobial
Activity",Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting, 13, pp. 287-98, 1997.
[19] P. C. Srinivasa, M. N. Ramesh and R.N. Tharanathan, "Effect of
plastisizers and Fatty Acids on Mechanical and Permeability
Characteristics of Chitosan Films", Food Hydrocolloids, 21, pp. 1113-
1122, 2007.
[20] R. Sothornvit and N. Pitak, "Oxygen permeability and mechanical
properties of banana films", Food Research International, 40, pp. 365-
370,2007.
[21] Y. B. Wu, S. H. Yu, F. L. Mi, C.W. Wu, S.S Shyu, C. K. Peng and A. C.
Chao, "Preparation and Characterization on Mechanical and
Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan/Cellulose Blends", Carbohydrate
Polymers, 57, pp. 435-440, 2004.
[22] M. Z. A. Yahya, M. K. Harun, A. M.M. Ali, M. F. Mohammat,
M.A.K.M. Hanafiah, S.C. Ibrahim, M. Mustaffa, Z. M. Darus and F.
Latif, "XRD and Surface Morphology Studies on Chitosan Based Film
Electrolytes," Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(15):, pp. 3150-3154, 2006.
[23] J-W. Rhim, J.H. Lee and K. W. Ng, "Mechanical and Barrier of
Biodegradable Soy Protein Isolate-Based Films Coated With Polylactic
Acid, "LWT, 40,pp. 232-238, 2007.
[1] P. Suppakul, J. Miltz, K. Sonneveld and S. W. Bigger, " Active
packaging technologies with an emphasis on antimicrobial packaging
and its applications., Journal of Food Science, Vol. 68, Nr. 2, pp. 408-
418, 2003.
[2] F. Ayranci and S. A. Tunc, "Method for the measurement of the oxygen
permeability and the development of edible films to reduce the rate of
oxidative reactions in freshs foods, Food Chemistry, 80, pp. 423-431,
2003.
[3] V. Coma, I. Sebti, P. Pardon, A. Deschamps and H. Pichavant,
"Antimicrobial edible packaging based on cellulosic ethers, fatty acids
and nisin incorporation to inhibit Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus
aureus, J. Food Prot, 64 (4), pp. 470-475, 2001.
[4] L. R. Beuchat and D. A. Golden, "Antimicrobial Occurring Naturally in
Foods, Food Technology 43: pp. 134-142, 1989.
[5] A. Gennadios, C.L. Weller and R. F. Testin, "Temperature Effect on
Oxygen permeability of Edible Protein-Based films", Journal of Food
Science, 58: pp. 212-219, 1991.
[6] M. Petersson and M. Stading, "Water Vapour Permeability and
Mechanical Properties of Mixed Starch-Monoglyceride Films and Effect
of Film Forming Conditions", Food Hydrocolloids, 19, pp. 123-132,
2005.
[7] S. Mathew, M. Brahmakumar and T. A. Emilia, "Microstructural
Imaging and Characterization of the Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal and
Swelling Properties of Starch-Chitosan Blend Films", Biopolymers 82:
pp. 176-187, 2006.
[8] Z. Li, X. P. Zhuang, F. Liu, Y. L. Guan and K. D. Yao, "Study on
antibacterial O-carboxymethylated chitosan/cellulose blend film from
LiCI/N, N-dimethyl- acetamide solution", Polymer, vol. 43, pp. 1541-
1547, 2002.
[9] R. N. Ghosh, T. Jana, B. C. Ray and B. Adhikari, B,"Grafting of Vinyl
Acetate Onto Low Density Polyethylene-Starch Biodegradable Films for
Printing and Packaging Applications ", Polymer International, 53, pp.
339-343, 2004.
[10] S. Mathew and T. E. Abraham, "Characterisation of ferulic acid
incorporated starch-chitosan blend films", Food Hydrocolloids, 22, pp.
826-835, 2008.
[11] A. Rindlav, S.H.D. Hulleman and P. Gatenholm, "Formation of Starch
Films with Varying Crystallinity.,"Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, pp. 25-
30,1997.
[12] T. Bourtoom and M.S. Chinnan, "Preparation and Properties of Rice
Starch-Chitosan Blend Biodegradable Film.", LWT-Food Science and
Technology,41, pp. 1633-1641, 2008.
[13] Y. J. Yin, K. D. Yao, G. X. Cheng and J.B. Ma, " Properties of
Polyelectrolyte Complex Films of Chitosan and Gelatin.", Polymer
International, 48, pp. 429-433, 1999.
[14] Y. X. Xu, K. M. Kim, M. A. Hanna and D. Nag," Chitosan-Starch
Composite Film: Preparation and Characterization," Industrial Crops
and Products, 21, pp. 185-192, 2005.
[15] J.F. Mano, D. Koniarova and R. L. Reis, "Thermal Properties of
Thermoplastic Starch/Synthetic Polymer Blends with Potential
Biomedical Applicability",Journal Material Science: Mater. Med. 14:
pp. 127-135, 2003.
[16] P. Meenakshi, S. E. Noorjahan, R. Rajini, U. Venkateswarlu, C. Rose
and T.P. Sastry, "Mechanical and Microstructure Studies on the
Modification of CA Films by Blending with PS. Bull", Material
Science, 25, pp. 25-29, 2002.
[17] P. Kampeerapappun, D. Aht-ong, D. Pentrakoon and K. Srikulkit,
"Preparation of Cassava Starch/Montmorillonite Composite Film",
Carbohydrate Polymers, 67, pp. 155-163, 2007.
[18] J. H. Han and J.D. Floros, "Casting Antimicrobial Packaging Films and
Measuring Their Physical Properties and Antimicrobial
Activity",Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting, 13, pp. 287-98, 1997.
[19] P. C. Srinivasa, M. N. Ramesh and R.N. Tharanathan, "Effect of
plastisizers and Fatty Acids on Mechanical and Permeability
Characteristics of Chitosan Films", Food Hydrocolloids, 21, pp. 1113-
1122, 2007.
[20] R. Sothornvit and N. Pitak, "Oxygen permeability and mechanical
properties of banana films", Food Research International, 40, pp. 365-
370,2007.
[21] Y. B. Wu, S. H. Yu, F. L. Mi, C.W. Wu, S.S Shyu, C. K. Peng and A. C.
Chao, "Preparation and Characterization on Mechanical and
Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan/Cellulose Blends", Carbohydrate
Polymers, 57, pp. 435-440, 2004.
[22] M. Z. A. Yahya, M. K. Harun, A. M.M. Ali, M. F. Mohammat,
M.A.K.M. Hanafiah, S.C. Ibrahim, M. Mustaffa, Z. M. Darus and F.
Latif, "XRD and Surface Morphology Studies on Chitosan Based Film
Electrolytes," Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(15):, pp. 3150-3154, 2006.
[23] J-W. Rhim, J.H. Lee and K. W. Ng, "Mechanical and Barrier of
Biodegradable Soy Protein Isolate-Based Films Coated With Polylactic
Acid, "LWT, 40,pp. 232-238, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:62003", author = "Eraricar Salleh and Ida Idayu Muhamad and Nozieanna Khairuddin", title = "Structural Characterization and Physical Properties of Antimicrobial (AM) Starch-Based Films", abstract = "Antimicrobial (AM) starch-based films were
developed by incorporating chitosan and lauric acid as antimicrobial
agent into starch-based film. Chitosan has wide range of applications
as a biomaterial, but barriers still exist to its broader use due to its
physical and chemical limitations. In this work, a series of
starch/chitosan (SC) blend films containing 8% of lauric acid was
prepared by casting method. The structure of the film was
characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Xray
diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The results indicated that there were strong interactions were present
between the hydroxyl groups of starch and the amino groups of
chitosan resulting in a good miscibility between starch and chitosan
in the blend films. Physical properties and optical properties of the
AM starch-based film were evaluated. The AM starch-based films
incorporated with chitosan and lauric acid showed an improvement in
water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and addition of starch
content provided more transparent films while the yellowness of the
film attributed to the higher chitosan content. The improvement in
water barrier properties was mainly attributed to the hydrophobicity
of lauric acid and optimum chitosan or starch content. AM starch
based film also showed excellent oxygen barrier. Obtaining films
with good oxygen permeability would be an indication of the
potential use of these antimicrobial packaging as a natural packaging
and an alternative packaging to the synthetic polymer to protect food
from oxidation reactions", keywords = "Antimicrobial starch-based films, chitosan,
lauric acid, starch.", volume = "3", number = "7", pages = "363-9", }
