Static and Dynamic Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Pelvic Bone
The complex shape of the human pelvic bone was
successfully imaged and modeled using finite element FE processing.
The bone was subjected to quasi-static and dynamic loading
conditions simulating the effect of both weight gain and impact.
Loads varying between 500 – 2500 N (~50 – 250 Kg of weight) was
used to simulate 3D quasi-static weight gain. Two different 3D
dynamic analyses, body free fall at two different heights (1 and 2 m)
and forced side impact at two different velocities (20 and 40 Km/hr)
were also studied. The computed resulted stresses were compared for
the four loading cases, where Von Misses stresses increases linearly
with the weight gain increase under quasi-static loading. For the
dynamic models, the Von Misses stress history behaviors were
studied for the affected area and effected load with respect to time.
The normalization Von Misses stresses with respect to the applied
load were used for comparing the free fall and the forced impact load
results. It was found that under the forced impact loading condition
an over lapping behavior was noticed, where as for the free fall the
normalized Von Misses stresses behavior was found to nonlinearly
different. This phenomenon was explained through the energy
dissipation concept. This study will help designers in different
specialization in defining the weakest spots for designing different
supporting systems.
[1] Dalstra, M., Huiskes, R., and Van Erning, L., ÔÇÿÔÇÿDevelopment and
Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Pelvic
Bone,-- Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. , Vol. 117, pp. 272-278,
1995.
[2] Tile, M., ÔÇÿÔÇÿPelvic Ring Fractures: Should They Be Fixed?-- The Journal
of Bone and Joint Surgery., Vol. 70(B), pp. 1-12, (1988).
[3] Simonian, P. T., and Routt, M. L., ÔÇÿÔÇÿBiomechanics of Pelvic Fixation,--
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons., Vol. 28
(3), pp. 351-367, 1997.
[4] Routt, M. L., Simonian, P. T., and Swiontkowski, M. F., ÔÇÿÔÇÿStabilization
of Pelvic Ring Disruptions,-- Journal of the American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons., Vol. 28 (3), pp. 369-388, 1997.
[5] Bell, A. L., ÔÇÿÔÇÿComparative Study of the Orthofix and Pittsburgh Frames
for External Fixation of Unstable Pelvic Ring Fractures,-- Journal of
Orthopedic Trauma, Vol. 2, pp. 138-140, 1988.
[6] Simonian, P. T., ÔÇÿÔÇÿBiomechanical Simulation of the Anteroposterior
Compression Injury of the Pelvis,-- Clinical Orthopaedics and Related
Research, Vol. 309, pp. 245-256, 1994.
[7] Holm, N. J., ÔÇÿÔÇÿThe Development of a Two-Dimensional Stress-Optical
Model of the Os Coxae,-- Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica., Vol. 52, pp.
135-143, 1981.
[8] Yeh, O., and Keaveny, T.M., "Relative Roles of Microdamage and
Microfracture in the Mechanical Behavior of Trabecular Bone," Journal
of Orthopaedic Research, Vol. 19, pp. 1001-1007, 2001.
[9] Maurice G.,Taghite M., and Taous K., "An experimental and theoretical
approach of elasticity and viscoelasticity of compact and spongy bone
with periodic homogenization," Computer Methods in Biomechanics
and Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 10, pp. 195-207, 1997.
[10] Renaudin, F., Lavaste, F., Skalli, W., Pecheus, C., and Scmitt, V., ÔÇÿÔÇÿA
3D Finite Element Model of Pelvis in Side Impact,-- Proceedings of The
Congress European Society of Biomechanics, Vol. 8, pp. 180-194, 1992.
[11] Bouquet, R., Ramet, M., Bermond, F., Caire, Y., Talantikite, Y., Robin,
S.,Voiglio, E. Pelvis human response to lateral impact. In: Proceedings
of the 16th International Technical conference on the Enhanced Safety
of Vehicles. Windsor, ON, Canada, 1998, pp. 1665-1686.
[12] Brugess, A., and Tile, M., ÔÇÿÔÇÿExternal Fixation in Fractures of the Pelvis
and Acetabulum--, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 135-149, (1995).
[13] Landjerit, B., Jacquard-Simon, N., Thourot, M. and Massin,P. H.,
ÔÇÿÔÇÿPhysiological loadings on human pelvis: a comparison between
numerical and experimental simulations.--, Proceedings of The Congress
European Society of Biomechanics, Vol. 8, pp. 195-206, 1992.
[14] Cesari D., Ramet M., and lair P., ÔÇÿÔÇÿEvaluation Of Pelvic Fracture
Tolerance In Side Impact--,Stapp Car Crash Conference, Warrendale,
PA, USA, pp. 231-253, (1980).
[15] Cesari D., and Ramet M., ÔÇÿÔÇÿPelvic Tolerance and Protection Criteria in
Side Impact--, Stapp Car Crash Conference, Warrendale, PA, USA,
pp.145-154, 1982.
[16] Cesari D., Bouquet R., and Zac R., ÔÇÿÔÇÿA New Pelvis Design For The
European Side Impact Dummy--, Stapp Car Crash Conference,
Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. l-11, 1984.
[17] Hartemann F., Thomas C., Foret-Bruno JY., Henry C., Fayon A., and
Tarriere C., ÔÇÿÔÇÿOccupant Protection In Lateral Impacts--, Stapp Car Crash
Conference, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 19l-219, 1976.
[18] Plummer, J.W., Eberhardt, A.W., Alonso, J.E., Mann, K.A., "Parametric
tests of the human pelvis: the influence of load rate and boundary
condition on peak stress location during simulated side impact.
Advances in Bioengineering",1998, ASME BED, vol. 39, pp. 165-166.
[19] Dawson, J.M., Khmelniker, B.V., McAndrew, M.P. Analysis of the
structural behavior of the pelvis during lateral side impact using the
finite element method. Accident Analysis and prevention 31, 109-119,
1999.
[20] Renaudin F., Guillemot H., Lavaste F., and Skalli W., ÔÇÿÔÇÿA 3D Finite
Element Model Of Pelvis In Side Impact--, Stapp Car Crash Conference,
Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 242-264,
(November 1993).
[21] Simonian, P. T., and Routt, M. L., ÔÇÿÔÇÿBiomechanics of Pelvic Fixation,--
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons., Vol. 28
(3), pp. 351-367, 1997.
[22] Viano DC., ÔÇÿÔÇÿBiomechanical Responses And Injuries In Blunt Lateral
Impact--,Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers,
Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 113-142, 1989.
[23] Zhu JY., Cavanaugh JM., and King AI., ÔÇÿÔÇÿPelvic Biomechanical
Response and Padding Benefits in Side Impact Based on a Cadaveric
Test Series--, Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive
Engineers, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 128-139, (November 1993).
[24] Ansel C.,and Saul K., ÔÇÿÔÇÿAdvanced Strength and Applied Elasticity",
Prentice Hall, fourth edition. pp.65-70, 2003.
[25] Boissonnat, J.-D., "Shape Reconstruction from Planar Cross-Sections,"
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing., Vol. 44, pp. 1-29,
1988.
[26] Schroeder, W. J., Zarge, J., and Lorenson, W. E., "Decimation of
Triangle Meshes," ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, Vol. 26, pp.
65-70, 1992.
[27] Taubin, G., Zhang, T., and Golub, G., "Optimal Surface Smoothing as
Filter Design," Stanford University IBM RC-20404, pp. 212-225, 1996.
[28] Viano D., "Biomechanics of bone and tissue: a review of material
properties and failure characteristics", The Stapp Car Crash Conference,
Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp.33-63,
1986.
[29] Kuhn J.L., Goldstein S.A., Choi K., London M., Feldkamp L.A., and
Matthews L.S., "Comparison of the trabecular and cortical tissue moduli
from iliac crests", Journal of orthopedic research, Vol. 7 (6), pp. 876-
884, 1989.
[30] Mak A.F., "The apparent visco-elastic behavior of articular cartilage -
The contributions from the intrinsic matrix visco-elasticity and
interstitial fluid flows". Jouranl of biomechanical engineering, pp. 178-
196, 1986.
[31] Oonishi H., and Isha H., Hasegawa T., "Mechanical analysis of the
human pelvis and its application to the artificial hip joint-by means of
the three dimensional finite element method", Journal of Biomechanics,
Vol. 16 (6), pp. 427-444, 1983.
[32] Fung Y.C., "Biomechanics - Mechanical properties of living tissues",
Springer-Verlag., Vol. 2, pp. 265-286, 1965.
[1] Dalstra, M., Huiskes, R., and Van Erning, L., ÔÇÿÔÇÿDevelopment and
Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Pelvic
Bone,-- Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. , Vol. 117, pp. 272-278,
1995.
[2] Tile, M., ÔÇÿÔÇÿPelvic Ring Fractures: Should They Be Fixed?-- The Journal
of Bone and Joint Surgery., Vol. 70(B), pp. 1-12, (1988).
[3] Simonian, P. T., and Routt, M. L., ÔÇÿÔÇÿBiomechanics of Pelvic Fixation,--
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons., Vol. 28
(3), pp. 351-367, 1997.
[4] Routt, M. L., Simonian, P. T., and Swiontkowski, M. F., ÔÇÿÔÇÿStabilization
of Pelvic Ring Disruptions,-- Journal of the American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons., Vol. 28 (3), pp. 369-388, 1997.
[5] Bell, A. L., ÔÇÿÔÇÿComparative Study of the Orthofix and Pittsburgh Frames
for External Fixation of Unstable Pelvic Ring Fractures,-- Journal of
Orthopedic Trauma, Vol. 2, pp. 138-140, 1988.
[6] Simonian, P. T., ÔÇÿÔÇÿBiomechanical Simulation of the Anteroposterior
Compression Injury of the Pelvis,-- Clinical Orthopaedics and Related
Research, Vol. 309, pp. 245-256, 1994.
[7] Holm, N. J., ÔÇÿÔÇÿThe Development of a Two-Dimensional Stress-Optical
Model of the Os Coxae,-- Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica., Vol. 52, pp.
135-143, 1981.
[8] Yeh, O., and Keaveny, T.M., "Relative Roles of Microdamage and
Microfracture in the Mechanical Behavior of Trabecular Bone," Journal
of Orthopaedic Research, Vol. 19, pp. 1001-1007, 2001.
[9] Maurice G.,Taghite M., and Taous K., "An experimental and theoretical
approach of elasticity and viscoelasticity of compact and spongy bone
with periodic homogenization," Computer Methods in Biomechanics
and Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 10, pp. 195-207, 1997.
[10] Renaudin, F., Lavaste, F., Skalli, W., Pecheus, C., and Scmitt, V., ÔÇÿÔÇÿA
3D Finite Element Model of Pelvis in Side Impact,-- Proceedings of The
Congress European Society of Biomechanics, Vol. 8, pp. 180-194, 1992.
[11] Bouquet, R., Ramet, M., Bermond, F., Caire, Y., Talantikite, Y., Robin,
S.,Voiglio, E. Pelvis human response to lateral impact. In: Proceedings
of the 16th International Technical conference on the Enhanced Safety
of Vehicles. Windsor, ON, Canada, 1998, pp. 1665-1686.
[12] Brugess, A., and Tile, M., ÔÇÿÔÇÿExternal Fixation in Fractures of the Pelvis
and Acetabulum--, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 135-149, (1995).
[13] Landjerit, B., Jacquard-Simon, N., Thourot, M. and Massin,P. H.,
ÔÇÿÔÇÿPhysiological loadings on human pelvis: a comparison between
numerical and experimental simulations.--, Proceedings of The Congress
European Society of Biomechanics, Vol. 8, pp. 195-206, 1992.
[14] Cesari D., Ramet M., and lair P., ÔÇÿÔÇÿEvaluation Of Pelvic Fracture
Tolerance In Side Impact--,Stapp Car Crash Conference, Warrendale,
PA, USA, pp. 231-253, (1980).
[15] Cesari D., and Ramet M., ÔÇÿÔÇÿPelvic Tolerance and Protection Criteria in
Side Impact--, Stapp Car Crash Conference, Warrendale, PA, USA,
pp.145-154, 1982.
[16] Cesari D., Bouquet R., and Zac R., ÔÇÿÔÇÿA New Pelvis Design For The
European Side Impact Dummy--, Stapp Car Crash Conference,
Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. l-11, 1984.
[17] Hartemann F., Thomas C., Foret-Bruno JY., Henry C., Fayon A., and
Tarriere C., ÔÇÿÔÇÿOccupant Protection In Lateral Impacts--, Stapp Car Crash
Conference, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 19l-219, 1976.
[18] Plummer, J.W., Eberhardt, A.W., Alonso, J.E., Mann, K.A., "Parametric
tests of the human pelvis: the influence of load rate and boundary
condition on peak stress location during simulated side impact.
Advances in Bioengineering",1998, ASME BED, vol. 39, pp. 165-166.
[19] Dawson, J.M., Khmelniker, B.V., McAndrew, M.P. Analysis of the
structural behavior of the pelvis during lateral side impact using the
finite element method. Accident Analysis and prevention 31, 109-119,
1999.
[20] Renaudin F., Guillemot H., Lavaste F., and Skalli W., ÔÇÿÔÇÿA 3D Finite
Element Model Of Pelvis In Side Impact--, Stapp Car Crash Conference,
Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 242-264,
(November 1993).
[21] Simonian, P. T., and Routt, M. L., ÔÇÿÔÇÿBiomechanics of Pelvic Fixation,--
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons., Vol. 28
(3), pp. 351-367, 1997.
[22] Viano DC., ÔÇÿÔÇÿBiomechanical Responses And Injuries In Blunt Lateral
Impact--,Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers,
Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 113-142, 1989.
[23] Zhu JY., Cavanaugh JM., and King AI., ÔÇÿÔÇÿPelvic Biomechanical
Response and Padding Benefits in Side Impact Based on a Cadaveric
Test Series--, Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive
Engineers, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 128-139, (November 1993).
[24] Ansel C.,and Saul K., ÔÇÿÔÇÿAdvanced Strength and Applied Elasticity",
Prentice Hall, fourth edition. pp.65-70, 2003.
[25] Boissonnat, J.-D., "Shape Reconstruction from Planar Cross-Sections,"
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing., Vol. 44, pp. 1-29,
1988.
[26] Schroeder, W. J., Zarge, J., and Lorenson, W. E., "Decimation of
Triangle Meshes," ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, Vol. 26, pp.
65-70, 1992.
[27] Taubin, G., Zhang, T., and Golub, G., "Optimal Surface Smoothing as
Filter Design," Stanford University IBM RC-20404, pp. 212-225, 1996.
[28] Viano D., "Biomechanics of bone and tissue: a review of material
properties and failure characteristics", The Stapp Car Crash Conference,
Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp.33-63,
1986.
[29] Kuhn J.L., Goldstein S.A., Choi K., London M., Feldkamp L.A., and
Matthews L.S., "Comparison of the trabecular and cortical tissue moduli
from iliac crests", Journal of orthopedic research, Vol. 7 (6), pp. 876-
884, 1989.
[30] Mak A.F., "The apparent visco-elastic behavior of articular cartilage -
The contributions from the intrinsic matrix visco-elasticity and
interstitial fluid flows". Jouranl of biomechanical engineering, pp. 178-
196, 1986.
[31] Oonishi H., and Isha H., Hasegawa T., "Mechanical analysis of the
human pelvis and its application to the artificial hip joint-by means of
the three dimensional finite element method", Journal of Biomechanics,
Vol. 16 (6), pp. 427-444, 1983.
[32] Fung Y.C., "Biomechanics - Mechanical properties of living tissues",
Springer-Verlag., Vol. 2, pp. 265-286, 1965.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:63726", author = "M. S. El-Asfoury and M. A. El-Hadek", title = "Static and Dynamic Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Pelvic Bone", abstract = "The complex shape of the human pelvic bone was
successfully imaged and modeled using finite element FE processing.
The bone was subjected to quasi-static and dynamic loading
conditions simulating the effect of both weight gain and impact.
Loads varying between 500 – 2500 N (~50 – 250 Kg of weight) was
used to simulate 3D quasi-static weight gain. Two different 3D
dynamic analyses, body free fall at two different heights (1 and 2 m)
and forced side impact at two different velocities (20 and 40 Km/hr)
were also studied. The computed resulted stresses were compared for
the four loading cases, where Von Misses stresses increases linearly
with the weight gain increase under quasi-static loading. For the
dynamic models, the Von Misses stress history behaviors were
studied for the affected area and effected load with respect to time.
The normalization Von Misses stresses with respect to the applied
load were used for comparing the free fall and the forced impact load
results. It was found that under the forced impact loading condition
an over lapping behavior was noticed, where as for the free fall the
normalized Von Misses stresses behavior was found to nonlinearly
different. This phenomenon was explained through the energy
dissipation concept. This study will help designers in different
specialization in defining the weakest spots for designing different
supporting systems.", keywords = "Pelvic Bone, Static and Dynamic Analysis, Three- Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.", volume = "3", number = "9", pages = "1135-7", }
