Seismic Response of Braced Steel Frames with Shape Memory Alloy and Mega Bracing Systems
Steel bracing members are widely used in steel
structures to reduce lateral displacement and dissipate energy during
earthquake motions. Concentric steel bracing provide an excellent
approach for strengthening and stiffening steel buildings. Using these
braces the designer can hardly adjust the stiffness together with
ductility as needed because of buckling of braces in compression. In
this study the use of SMA bracing and steel bracing (Mega) utilized
in steel frames are investigated. The effectiveness of these two
systems in rehabilitating a mid-rise eight-storey steel frames were
examined using time-history nonlinear analysis utilizing seismostruct
software. Results show that both systems improve the strength and
stiffness of the original structure but due to excellent behavior of
SMA in nonlinear phase and under compressive forces this system
shows much better performance than the rehabilitation system of
Mega bracing.
[1] Sabelli R, Mahin S, Chang C. Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces. Engineering Structures 2003; 25(5):655-66.
[2] Nakashima M, Inoue K, Tada M. Classification of damage to steel buildings observed in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake. Engineering Structures 1998; 20(4-6):271-81.
[3] FEMA. Recommended seismic design provisions for new moment frame buildings. Federal emergency management agency report no. 350. 2000.
[4] Osteraas J, Krawinkler H. The Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985 behavior of steel buildings. Earthquake Spectra 1989; 5(1):51-88.
[5] Kim H, Goel S. Seismic evaluation and upgrading of braced frame structures for potential local failures, UMCEE 92-24, Dept. of civil engineering and environmental engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Oct. 1992. p. 290.
[6] Tremblay R, Timler P, Bruneau M, Filiatrault A. Performance of steel structures during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 1995; 22:338-60.
[7] Tremblay R, Bruneau M, Nakashima M, Prion HGL, Filiatrault A, DeVall R. Seismic design of steel buildings: lessons from the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 1996; 23: 727-56.
[8] Mohamed Omar. (2011), "Analytical prediction of seismic response of steel frames with superelastic shape memory alloy", Proc. of International Conference on Earthquake and Structural Engineering, Venice. Paper No 335.
[9] H.-L. Hsu, C.-Y. Lee (2012), "Improving Seismic Performance of Steel Knee Braced Frame Structures", 15 WCEE, Lispoa.
[10] Longo, A., Montuori, R. and Piluso, V. (2008). "Plastic design of seismic resistant V-braced frames", Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 12:8,1246-1266.
[11] L. Di Sarno, A.S. Elnashai. Bracing systems for seismic retrofitting of steel frames. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2009;65:452-465.
[12] Dolce, M., Cardone, D., Marnetto, R., Mucciarelli, M., Nigro, D., Ponzo, F.C. and Santarsiero, G. (2004), "Experimental static and dynamic response of a real RC frame upgraded with SMA re-centering and dissipating braces”, Proc. of the 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Canada, Paper no. 2878.
[13] Salichs, J., Hou, Z. and Noori, M. (2001), "Vibration suppression of structures using passive shape memory alloy energy dissipation devices”, J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 12, 671-680.
[14] Wilde, K., Gardoni, P. and Fujino, Y. (2000), "Base isolation system with shape memory alloy device for elevated highway bridges”, Eng. Struct., 22, 222-229.
[15] Ocel, J., DesRoches, R., Leon, R.T., Hess, W.G., Krumme, R., Hayes, J.R. and Sweeney, S. (2004), "Steel beam-column connections using shape memory alloys”, J. Struct. Eng. ASCE, 130(5), 732-740.
[16] Shahin, A.R., Meckl, P.H. and Jones, J.D. (1997), "Modeling of SMA tendons for active control of structures”, J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 8, 51-70.
[17] Tamai, H., Miura, K., Kitagawa, Y. and Fukuta, T. (2003), "Application of SMA Rod to Exposed-type Column Base in Smart Structural System”, the Proc. of SPIE, 5057, 169-177.
[18] Mohamed OMAR, Toshiro HAYASHIKAWA and Shehata E. ABDEL RAHEEM, Seismic Nonlinear Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridge Steel Towers with Shape Memory Alloy Connection, Journal of Steel Construction, JSSC, Vol.14, 2007.
[19] DesRoches, R. and Delemont, M. (2002), "Seismic retrofit of simply supported bridges using shape memory alloys”, Eng. Struct., 24, 325-332.
[20] Clark, P.W., Aiken, I.D., Kelly, J.M., Higashino, M. and Krumme, R. (1995), "Experimental and analytical studies of shape-memory alloy dampers for structural control”, Proc. of SPIE, 2445, 241-251.
[21] Salichs, J., Hou, Z. and Noori, M. (2001), "Vibration suppression of structures using passive shape memory alloy energy dissipation devices”, J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 12, 671-680.
[22] McCormick, J. and DesRoches, R. (2003), "Seismic response using smart bracing elements”, The Proc. of the Extreme Loading Conf., Toronto, Canada, August.
[23] Auricchio, F., Fugazza, D. and DesRoches, R. (2006), "Earthquake performance of steel frames with Nitinol braces”, J. Earthq. Eng., 10(SPEC), 45-66.
[24] Zhu, S. and Zhang, Y. (2007), "Seismic behaviour of self-centring braced frame buildings with reusable hysteretic damping brace”, Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 36, 1329-1346.
[25] Alam MS, Youssef MS, Nehdi M. Analytical Prediction of the Seismic Behavior of Superelastic Shapememory Alloy Reinforced Concrete Elements. Engineering Structures 2008; doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.05.025.
[26] Ozbulut O. E, Hurlebaus S. Evaluation of the performance of a sliding-type base isolation system with a NiTi shape memory alloy device considering temperature effects. Engineering Structures 2010; 32:238-49.
[27] Yang W, DesRoches R, Leon RT. Design and analysis of braced frames with shape memory alloy and energy-absorbing hybrid devices. Engineering Structures 2010; 32:498-507.
[28] Speicher M, Hodgson DE, DesRoches R, Leon RT. Shape memory alloy tension/compression device for seismic retrofit of buildings. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 2009; 18:746-53.
[29] Auricchio F, Fugazza D, DesRoches R. Earthquake performance of steel frames with nitinol braces. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2006; 10(1):1-22. [Special issue].
[30] McCormick J, DesRoches R, Fugazza D, Auricchio F. Seismic vibration control using superelastic shape memory alloys. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 2006; 128: 294-301.
[31] SeismoStruct Help file 2011, Version 5.2.1. Accessed on July 2011. Available at http://www.seismosoft.com/SeismoStruct/index.htm.
[1] Sabelli R, Mahin S, Chang C. Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces. Engineering Structures 2003; 25(5):655-66.
[2] Nakashima M, Inoue K, Tada M. Classification of damage to steel buildings observed in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake. Engineering Structures 1998; 20(4-6):271-81.
[3] FEMA. Recommended seismic design provisions for new moment frame buildings. Federal emergency management agency report no. 350. 2000.
[4] Osteraas J, Krawinkler H. The Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985 behavior of steel buildings. Earthquake Spectra 1989; 5(1):51-88.
[5] Kim H, Goel S. Seismic evaluation and upgrading of braced frame structures for potential local failures, UMCEE 92-24, Dept. of civil engineering and environmental engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Oct. 1992. p. 290.
[6] Tremblay R, Timler P, Bruneau M, Filiatrault A. Performance of steel structures during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 1995; 22:338-60.
[7] Tremblay R, Bruneau M, Nakashima M, Prion HGL, Filiatrault A, DeVall R. Seismic design of steel buildings: lessons from the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 1996; 23: 727-56.
[8] Mohamed Omar. (2011), "Analytical prediction of seismic response of steel frames with superelastic shape memory alloy", Proc. of International Conference on Earthquake and Structural Engineering, Venice. Paper No 335.
[9] H.-L. Hsu, C.-Y. Lee (2012), "Improving Seismic Performance of Steel Knee Braced Frame Structures", 15 WCEE, Lispoa.
[10] Longo, A., Montuori, R. and Piluso, V. (2008). "Plastic design of seismic resistant V-braced frames", Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 12:8,1246-1266.
[11] L. Di Sarno, A.S. Elnashai. Bracing systems for seismic retrofitting of steel frames. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2009;65:452-465.
[12] Dolce, M., Cardone, D., Marnetto, R., Mucciarelli, M., Nigro, D., Ponzo, F.C. and Santarsiero, G. (2004), "Experimental static and dynamic response of a real RC frame upgraded with SMA re-centering and dissipating braces”, Proc. of the 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Canada, Paper no. 2878.
[13] Salichs, J., Hou, Z. and Noori, M. (2001), "Vibration suppression of structures using passive shape memory alloy energy dissipation devices”, J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 12, 671-680.
[14] Wilde, K., Gardoni, P. and Fujino, Y. (2000), "Base isolation system with shape memory alloy device for elevated highway bridges”, Eng. Struct., 22, 222-229.
[15] Ocel, J., DesRoches, R., Leon, R.T., Hess, W.G., Krumme, R., Hayes, J.R. and Sweeney, S. (2004), "Steel beam-column connections using shape memory alloys”, J. Struct. Eng. ASCE, 130(5), 732-740.
[16] Shahin, A.R., Meckl, P.H. and Jones, J.D. (1997), "Modeling of SMA tendons for active control of structures”, J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 8, 51-70.
[17] Tamai, H., Miura, K., Kitagawa, Y. and Fukuta, T. (2003), "Application of SMA Rod to Exposed-type Column Base in Smart Structural System”, the Proc. of SPIE, 5057, 169-177.
[18] Mohamed OMAR, Toshiro HAYASHIKAWA and Shehata E. ABDEL RAHEEM, Seismic Nonlinear Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridge Steel Towers with Shape Memory Alloy Connection, Journal of Steel Construction, JSSC, Vol.14, 2007.
[19] DesRoches, R. and Delemont, M. (2002), "Seismic retrofit of simply supported bridges using shape memory alloys”, Eng. Struct., 24, 325-332.
[20] Clark, P.W., Aiken, I.D., Kelly, J.M., Higashino, M. and Krumme, R. (1995), "Experimental and analytical studies of shape-memory alloy dampers for structural control”, Proc. of SPIE, 2445, 241-251.
[21] Salichs, J., Hou, Z. and Noori, M. (2001), "Vibration suppression of structures using passive shape memory alloy energy dissipation devices”, J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 12, 671-680.
[22] McCormick, J. and DesRoches, R. (2003), "Seismic response using smart bracing elements”, The Proc. of the Extreme Loading Conf., Toronto, Canada, August.
[23] Auricchio, F., Fugazza, D. and DesRoches, R. (2006), "Earthquake performance of steel frames with Nitinol braces”, J. Earthq. Eng., 10(SPEC), 45-66.
[24] Zhu, S. and Zhang, Y. (2007), "Seismic behaviour of self-centring braced frame buildings with reusable hysteretic damping brace”, Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 36, 1329-1346.
[25] Alam MS, Youssef MS, Nehdi M. Analytical Prediction of the Seismic Behavior of Superelastic Shapememory Alloy Reinforced Concrete Elements. Engineering Structures 2008; doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.05.025.
[26] Ozbulut O. E, Hurlebaus S. Evaluation of the performance of a sliding-type base isolation system with a NiTi shape memory alloy device considering temperature effects. Engineering Structures 2010; 32:238-49.
[27] Yang W, DesRoches R, Leon RT. Design and analysis of braced frames with shape memory alloy and energy-absorbing hybrid devices. Engineering Structures 2010; 32:498-507.
[28] Speicher M, Hodgson DE, DesRoches R, Leon RT. Shape memory alloy tension/compression device for seismic retrofit of buildings. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 2009; 18:746-53.
[29] Auricchio F, Fugazza D, DesRoches R. Earthquake performance of steel frames with nitinol braces. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2006; 10(1):1-22. [Special issue].
[30] McCormick J, DesRoches R, Fugazza D, Auricchio F. Seismic vibration control using superelastic shape memory alloys. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 2006; 128: 294-301.
[31] SeismoStruct Help file 2011, Version 5.2.1. Accessed on July 2011. Available at http://www.seismosoft.com/SeismoStruct/index.htm.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:66344", author = "Mohamed Omar", title = "Seismic Response of Braced Steel Frames with Shape Memory Alloy and Mega Bracing Systems", abstract = "Steel bracing members are widely used in steel
structures to reduce lateral displacement and dissipate energy during
earthquake motions. Concentric steel bracing provide an excellent
approach for strengthening and stiffening steel buildings. Using these
braces the designer can hardly adjust the stiffness together with
ductility as needed because of buckling of braces in compression. In
this study the use of SMA bracing and steel bracing (Mega) utilized
in steel frames are investigated. The effectiveness of these two
systems in rehabilitating a mid-rise eight-storey steel frames were
examined using time-history nonlinear analysis utilizing seismostruct
software. Results show that both systems improve the strength and
stiffness of the original structure but due to excellent behavior of
SMA in nonlinear phase and under compressive forces this system
shows much better performance than the rehabilitation system of
Mega bracing.
", keywords = "Finite element analysis, seismic response, shapes
memory alloy, steel frame, mega bracing.", volume = "8", number = "2", pages = "131-8", }
