Seismic Assessment of an Existing Dual System RC Buildings in Madinah City
A 15-storey RC building, studied in this paper, is
representative of modern building type constructed in Madina City in
Saudi Arabia before 10 years ago. These buildings are almost
consisting of reinforced concrete skeleton i.e. columns, beams and
flat slab as well as shear walls in the stairs and elevator areas
arranged in the way to have a resistance system for lateral loads
(wind – earthquake loads). In this study, the dynamic properties of
the 15-storey RC building were identified using ambient motions
recorded at several, spatially-distributed locations within each
building. Three dimensional pushover analysis (Nonlinear static
analysis) was carried out using SAP2000 software incorporating
inelastic material properties for concrete, infill and steel. The effect
of modeling the building with and without infill walls, on the
performance point as well as capacity and demand spectra due to EQ
design spectrum function in Madina area has been investigated. ATC-
40 capacity and demand spectra are utilized to get the modification
factor (R) for the studied building. The purpose of this analysis is to
evaluate the expected performance of structural systems by
estimating, strength and deformation demands in design, and
comparing these demands to available capacities at the performance
levels of interest. The results are summarized and discussed.
[1] Roobol, J. (2007) "Cenozoic faults in Western Saudi Arabia" In: 7th
meeting of the Saudi society for geosciences, King Saudi University,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
[2] Al-Saud, M. (2008) "Seismic characteristics and kinematic models of
Makkah and central Red Sea regions" Arab J Geosci 1:49–61.
[3] Aldamegh, S., Moussa, H. Al-Arifi, S. and Moustafa, M. (2012) "Focal
mechanism of Badr earthquake, Saudi Arabia of August 27, 2009" Arab
J Geosci (2012) 5:599–606.
[4] Midorikawa, S.,(1990) “Ambient vibration test of buildings in Santiago
and Viña del Mar”, A report on the Chile-Japan joint study project on
seismic design of structures, The Japan international cooperation agency.
[5] Negulescu C., Radoi, R. andAldea, A. (2004)"Microtremor measurement
for evaluation of building vibration characteristics", Report, National
Center for Seismic Risk Reduction, Bucharest, Part 1 - 23p. and Part 2, -
20p.
[6] Michel C., Guéguen P. and Bard P.Y.(2008)"Dynamic parameters of
structures extracted from ambient vibration measurements", an aid for
the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings in moderate
seismic hazard regions, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering; 28
(8), 593-604.
[7] Demetriu, S. and Aldea, A.(2012)"Modal parameters of RC frame
structure identified from ambient vibration measurements" 15 WCEE,
Lisbona.
[8] Crawford, R., and Ward, H. S., (1964) “Determination of the Natural
Period of Buildings,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,
Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1743-1756.
[9] Trifunac, M. D., (1972) “Comparison between Ambient and Forced
Vibration Experiments,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural
Dynamics, Vol. 1, pp. 133-150.
[10] ATC-40 (1996) "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Building"
Report, Applied Technology Council. Redwood City, California.
[11] Federal Emergency Federal Agency, FEMA-356. Pre-standard and
Commentary for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. Washington DC,
2000.
[12] Chopra, A.K. and Chintanapakdee C.(2003) "Evaluation of modal
pushover analysis using generic frames" Earthquake Engineering and
Structural Dynamics;32(3): 417-42.
[13] Chopra, A.K. and Chintanapakdee C.(2004) "Evaluation of modal and
FEMA pushover analyses: vertically regular and irregular generic
frames" Earthquake Spectra; 20(1):255-71.
[14] Chopra AK, Goel R.K. and Chintanapakdee C.(2004) "Evaluation of a
modified MPA procedure assuming higher modes as elastic to estimate
seismic demands" Earthquake Spectra; 20(3):757-78.
[15] Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2002) "A modal pushover analysis
procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings" Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics 31(3):561-82.
[16] Kunnath S.K. and Kalkan E. (2004) "Evaluation of seismic deformation
demands using nonlinear procedures in multistory steel and concrete
moment frames" ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology 41(1):159_82.
[17] Federal Emergency Federal Agency, FEMA-440, "Improvement of
nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures" Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 2005.
[18] Akkar, S. and Metin, A. (2007) "Assessment of improved nonlinear
static procedures in FEMA-440" Journal of Structural Engineering,
ASCE; 133(9):1237_46.
[19] Kalkan E, and Kunnath, S.K.(2007) "Assessment of current nonlinear
static procedures for seismic evaluation of buildings". Engineering
Structures; 29(3): 305-16.
[20] Irtem E, and Hasgul U.(2009) "Investigation of effects of nonlinear
static analysis procedures to performance evaluation on low-rise RC
buildings" Journal of Performance for Constructed Facilities, ASCE;
23(6):456_66.
[21] Saudi Building Code - Structural requirements for Loads and Forces -
SBC 301 (2007).
[22] Miao, Z. W. Lu1, X. Z. Jiang1, J. J. and Ye, L. P. (2006) " Nonlinear FE
Model for RC Shear Walls Based on Multi-layer Shell Element and
Microplane Constitutive Model Computational Methods in Engineering
and Science EPMESC, Sanya, Hainan ,China by the American Society
of Civil Engineers, ASCE/SEI 7-10..
[23] ASCE/SEI 41,(2006) "Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings,
American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia
[24] NBCC (2005). National Building Code of Canada 2005, National
Research Council, Ottawa.
[25] Tarek, M. Alguhane (2014) "Monitoring of Buildings Structures in
Madinah", Ph.D, Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering 2014.
[26] SAP2000 (2011) Integrated Software for Structural Analysis & Design.
Computers & Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California, USA.
[27] ASCE 7-10 (2010) "Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures", Published.
[1] Roobol, J. (2007) "Cenozoic faults in Western Saudi Arabia" In: 7th
meeting of the Saudi society for geosciences, King Saudi University,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
[2] Al-Saud, M. (2008) "Seismic characteristics and kinematic models of
Makkah and central Red Sea regions" Arab J Geosci 1:49–61.
[3] Aldamegh, S., Moussa, H. Al-Arifi, S. and Moustafa, M. (2012) "Focal
mechanism of Badr earthquake, Saudi Arabia of August 27, 2009" Arab
J Geosci (2012) 5:599–606.
[4] Midorikawa, S.,(1990) “Ambient vibration test of buildings in Santiago
and Viña del Mar”, A report on the Chile-Japan joint study project on
seismic design of structures, The Japan international cooperation agency.
[5] Negulescu C., Radoi, R. andAldea, A. (2004)"Microtremor measurement
for evaluation of building vibration characteristics", Report, National
Center for Seismic Risk Reduction, Bucharest, Part 1 - 23p. and Part 2, -
20p.
[6] Michel C., Guéguen P. and Bard P.Y.(2008)"Dynamic parameters of
structures extracted from ambient vibration measurements", an aid for
the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings in moderate
seismic hazard regions, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering; 28
(8), 593-604.
[7] Demetriu, S. and Aldea, A.(2012)"Modal parameters of RC frame
structure identified from ambient vibration measurements" 15 WCEE,
Lisbona.
[8] Crawford, R., and Ward, H. S., (1964) “Determination of the Natural
Period of Buildings,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,
Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1743-1756.
[9] Trifunac, M. D., (1972) “Comparison between Ambient and Forced
Vibration Experiments,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural
Dynamics, Vol. 1, pp. 133-150.
[10] ATC-40 (1996) "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Building"
Report, Applied Technology Council. Redwood City, California.
[11] Federal Emergency Federal Agency, FEMA-356. Pre-standard and
Commentary for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. Washington DC,
2000.
[12] Chopra, A.K. and Chintanapakdee C.(2003) "Evaluation of modal
pushover analysis using generic frames" Earthquake Engineering and
Structural Dynamics;32(3): 417-42.
[13] Chopra, A.K. and Chintanapakdee C.(2004) "Evaluation of modal and
FEMA pushover analyses: vertically regular and irregular generic
frames" Earthquake Spectra; 20(1):255-71.
[14] Chopra AK, Goel R.K. and Chintanapakdee C.(2004) "Evaluation of a
modified MPA procedure assuming higher modes as elastic to estimate
seismic demands" Earthquake Spectra; 20(3):757-78.
[15] Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2002) "A modal pushover analysis
procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings" Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics 31(3):561-82.
[16] Kunnath S.K. and Kalkan E. (2004) "Evaluation of seismic deformation
demands using nonlinear procedures in multistory steel and concrete
moment frames" ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology 41(1):159_82.
[17] Federal Emergency Federal Agency, FEMA-440, "Improvement of
nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures" Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 2005.
[18] Akkar, S. and Metin, A. (2007) "Assessment of improved nonlinear
static procedures in FEMA-440" Journal of Structural Engineering,
ASCE; 133(9):1237_46.
[19] Kalkan E, and Kunnath, S.K.(2007) "Assessment of current nonlinear
static procedures for seismic evaluation of buildings". Engineering
Structures; 29(3): 305-16.
[20] Irtem E, and Hasgul U.(2009) "Investigation of effects of nonlinear
static analysis procedures to performance evaluation on low-rise RC
buildings" Journal of Performance for Constructed Facilities, ASCE;
23(6):456_66.
[21] Saudi Building Code - Structural requirements for Loads and Forces -
SBC 301 (2007).
[22] Miao, Z. W. Lu1, X. Z. Jiang1, J. J. and Ye, L. P. (2006) " Nonlinear FE
Model for RC Shear Walls Based on Multi-layer Shell Element and
Microplane Constitutive Model Computational Methods in Engineering
and Science EPMESC, Sanya, Hainan ,China by the American Society
of Civil Engineers, ASCE/SEI 7-10..
[23] ASCE/SEI 41,(2006) "Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings,
American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia
[24] NBCC (2005). National Building Code of Canada 2005, National
Research Council, Ottawa.
[25] Tarek, M. Alguhane (2014) "Monitoring of Buildings Structures in
Madinah", Ph.D, Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering 2014.
[26] SAP2000 (2011) Integrated Software for Structural Analysis & Design.
Computers & Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California, USA.
[27] ASCE 7-10 (2010) "Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures", Published.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:71827", author = "Tarek M. Alguhane and Ayman H. Khalil and M. N. Fayed and Ayman M. Ismail", title = "Seismic Assessment of an Existing Dual System RC Buildings in Madinah City", abstract = "A 15-storey RC building, studied in this paper, is
representative of modern building type constructed in Madina City in
Saudi Arabia before 10 years ago. These buildings are almost
consisting of reinforced concrete skeleton i.e. columns, beams and
flat slab as well as shear walls in the stairs and elevator areas
arranged in the way to have a resistance system for lateral loads
(wind – earthquake loads). In this study, the dynamic properties of
the 15-storey RC building were identified using ambient motions
recorded at several, spatially-distributed locations within each
building. Three dimensional pushover analysis (Nonlinear static
analysis) was carried out using SAP2000 software incorporating
inelastic material properties for concrete, infill and steel. The effect
of modeling the building with and without infill walls, on the
performance point as well as capacity and demand spectra due to EQ
design spectrum function in Madina area has been investigated. ATC-
40 capacity and demand spectra are utilized to get the modification
factor (R) for the studied building. The purpose of this analysis is to
evaluate the expected performance of structural systems by
estimating, strength and deformation demands in design, and
comparing these demands to available capacities at the performance
levels of interest. The results are summarized and discussed.
", keywords = "Seismic assessment, pushover analysis, ambient
vibration, modal update.", volume = "9", number = "10", pages = "1375-12", }
