Preparation and Characterization of Photocatalyst for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission to the environment is inevitable which is responsible for global warming. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to fuel, such as methanol, methane etc. is a promising way to reduce greenhouse gas CO2 emission. In the present work, Bi2S3/CdS was synthesized as an effective visible light responsive photocatalyst for CO2 reduction into methanol. The Bi2S3/CdS photocatalyst was prepared by hydrothermal reaction. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst has been investigated for methanol production as a function of time. Gas chromatograph flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was employed to analyze the product. The yield of methanol was found to increase with higher CdS concentration in Bi2S3/CdS and the maximum yield was obtained for 45 wt% of Bi2S3/CdS under visible light irradiation was 20 μmole/g. The result establishes that Bi2S3/CdS is favorable catalyst to reduce CO2 to methanol.
[1] Aliwi S, Al-Jubori K F. Photoreduction of CO2 by metal sulphide semiconductors in presence of H2S, Solar Energy Materials, 1989, 18(3-4): 223-229
[2] C. Song, Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical processing, Catalysis Today, 2006, 115, 2–32.
[3] Eggins B R, Robertson P K J, Murphy E P, Woods E, Irvine J T S, Factors affecting the photoelectrochemical fixation of carbon dioxide with semi-conductor collides, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A, 1998, 118(1), 31-40
[4] Fujiwara H, Hosokawa H, Murakoshi K, Wada Y, Yanagida S, Okada T, Kobayashi H, Effect of surface-structures on photocatalytic co2 reduction using quantized CdS nanocrystallites (vol 101, pg 8273, 1997)", journal of physical chemistry B, 1998, 102(22), 19. 4440-4440
[5] G.K. Mor, O.K. Varghese, M. Paulose, K. Shankar, C.A. Grimes, A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2006, 90, 2011–2075.
[6] H.-C. Yang, H.-Y.Lin, Y.-S. Chien, J. Wu, H.-H.Wu, Mesoporous TiO2/SBA-15, and Cu/TiO2/SBA-15 composite photocatalysts for photoreduction of CO2 to methanol, Catalysis Letters, 2009, 131, 381–387.
[7] Inoue T, Fujishima A, Konishi S, Honda K, Photoelectrocatalytic reduction of carbon-dioxide in aqueous suspensions of semiconductor powers, Nature, 1979, 277(5698), 637-638
[8] J. Head, J. Turner, Analysis of the water-splitting capabilities of gallium indium phosphide nitride (GaInPN U.S. Department of Energy Journal of Undergraduate Research, January 2001, 26-31.
[9] J.M. Macak, H. Tsuchiya, A. Ghicov, K. Yasuda, R. Hahn, S. Bauer, P. Schmuki, TiO2nanotubes: self-organized electrochemical formation, properties and applications, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2007, 11, 3–18.
[10] K. Zhu, N.R. Neale, A. Miedaner, A.J. Frank, Enhanced charge-collection efficiencies and light scattering in dye-sensitized solar cells using oriented TiO2 nanotubes arrays, Nano Letters, 2007,7, 69–74.
[11] M. Hoffmann, S. Martin, W. Choi, D. Bahnemann, Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis, Chemical Review, 1995, 95, 69–96.
[12] S.C. Roy, O.K. Varghese, M. Paulose, C.A. Grimes, Toward solar fuels: Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons, ACS Nano, 2010, 4, 1259–1278.
[13] Vogel R, Hoyer P,Weller H, Quantum-Sized PbS, CdS, Ag2S, Sb2S3, and Bi2S3 Particles as Sensitizers for Various Nanoporous Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994, 98(12), 3183-3188
[14] Xin Li, Juntao Chen, Huiling Li, Jingtian Li, Yitao Xu, Yingju Liu, Jiarong Zhou, Photoreduction of CO2to methanol over Bi2S3/CdS photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 20(2011)413–417
[1] Aliwi S, Al-Jubori K F. Photoreduction of CO2 by metal sulphide semiconductors in presence of H2S, Solar Energy Materials, 1989, 18(3-4): 223-229
[2] C. Song, Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical processing, Catalysis Today, 2006, 115, 2–32.
[3] Eggins B R, Robertson P K J, Murphy E P, Woods E, Irvine J T S, Factors affecting the photoelectrochemical fixation of carbon dioxide with semi-conductor collides, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A, 1998, 118(1), 31-40
[4] Fujiwara H, Hosokawa H, Murakoshi K, Wada Y, Yanagida S, Okada T, Kobayashi H, Effect of surface-structures on photocatalytic co2 reduction using quantized CdS nanocrystallites (vol 101, pg 8273, 1997)", journal of physical chemistry B, 1998, 102(22), 19. 4440-4440
[5] G.K. Mor, O.K. Varghese, M. Paulose, K. Shankar, C.A. Grimes, A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2006, 90, 2011–2075.
[6] H.-C. Yang, H.-Y.Lin, Y.-S. Chien, J. Wu, H.-H.Wu, Mesoporous TiO2/SBA-15, and Cu/TiO2/SBA-15 composite photocatalysts for photoreduction of CO2 to methanol, Catalysis Letters, 2009, 131, 381–387.
[7] Inoue T, Fujishima A, Konishi S, Honda K, Photoelectrocatalytic reduction of carbon-dioxide in aqueous suspensions of semiconductor powers, Nature, 1979, 277(5698), 637-638
[8] J. Head, J. Turner, Analysis of the water-splitting capabilities of gallium indium phosphide nitride (GaInPN U.S. Department of Energy Journal of Undergraduate Research, January 2001, 26-31.
[9] J.M. Macak, H. Tsuchiya, A. Ghicov, K. Yasuda, R. Hahn, S. Bauer, P. Schmuki, TiO2nanotubes: self-organized electrochemical formation, properties and applications, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2007, 11, 3–18.
[10] K. Zhu, N.R. Neale, A. Miedaner, A.J. Frank, Enhanced charge-collection efficiencies and light scattering in dye-sensitized solar cells using oriented TiO2 nanotubes arrays, Nano Letters, 2007,7, 69–74.
[11] M. Hoffmann, S. Martin, W. Choi, D. Bahnemann, Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis, Chemical Review, 1995, 95, 69–96.
[12] S.C. Roy, O.K. Varghese, M. Paulose, C.A. Grimes, Toward solar fuels: Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons, ACS Nano, 2010, 4, 1259–1278.
[13] Vogel R, Hoyer P,Weller H, Quantum-Sized PbS, CdS, Ag2S, Sb2S3, and Bi2S3 Particles as Sensitizers for Various Nanoporous Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994, 98(12), 3183-3188
[14] Xin Li, Juntao Chen, Huiling Li, Jingtian Li, Yitao Xu, Yingju Liu, Jiarong Zhou, Photoreduction of CO2to methanol over Bi2S3/CdS photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 20(2011)413–417
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:72811", author = "D. M. Reddy Prasad and Nur Sabrina Binti Rahmat and Huei Ruey Ong and Chin Kui Cheng and Maksudur Rahman Khan and D. Sathiyamoorthy", title = "Preparation and Characterization of Photocatalyst for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol", abstract = "Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission to the environment is inevitable which is responsible for global warming. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to fuel, such as methanol, methane etc. is a promising way to reduce greenhouse gas CO2 emission. In the present work, Bi2S3/CdS was synthesized as an effective visible light responsive photocatalyst for CO2 reduction into methanol. The Bi2S3/CdS photocatalyst was prepared by hydrothermal reaction. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst has been investigated for methanol production as a function of time. Gas chromatograph flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was employed to analyze the product. The yield of methanol was found to increase with higher CdS concentration in Bi2S3/CdS and the maximum yield was obtained for 45 wt% of Bi2S3/CdS under visible light irradiation was 20 μmole/g. The result establishes that Bi2S3/CdS is favorable catalyst to reduce CO2 to methanol.
", keywords = "Photocatalyst, Carbon dioxide reduction, visible light, Irradiation.", volume = "10", number = "5", pages = "548-4", }
