Political Finance in Africa: Ethiopia as a Case Study
Since 1991 Ethiopia has officially adopted multi-party democracy. At present, there are 89 registered political parties in the country. Though political parties play an important role in the functioning of a democratic government, how to fund them is an issue of major concern. Political parties and individual candidates running for political office have to raise funds for election campaigns, and to survive as political candidates. The aim of this paper is to examine party funding problems in Africa by taking the case of Ethiopia as an example. The paper also evaluates the motives of local and international donors in giving financial and material support to political parties in emerging democracies and assesses the merits and de-merits of their donations.
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[2] NDI (National Democratic Institute) (1991): Funding of Political Parties: An International Comparative Study. Washington.
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Funding Political Parties. A Hansard Society discussion paper.
London: Hansard Society.
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(2005): "Implications of State Funding for Party Organization". Paper
for Presentation to the 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Political
Science Association, Washington DC, September 1-4, 2005.
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Corruption," Submitted for a TI workshop on corruption and political party funding in La Pietra, Italy, October 2000.
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finance and party donations-the South African Challenge" Institute for Security Studies, ISS paper 63.
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standards," Global Corruption Report
[9] Reginald Austin and Maja Tjernstöm (Eds) (2003): Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns. Handbook Series,
Stockholm: IDEA (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral
Assistance).
[10] Shari Bryan and Denise Baer (eds.) (2005): Money in politics: A Study
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Experiences, Stockholm: International IDEA/Sida Carothers, T., Confronting the Weakest Link: Aiding Political Parties in New
Democracies, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment.
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the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA).
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in Africa". Paper submitted at the Africa Conference on Election, Democracy and Governance, 7 .10 April 2003, Pretoria, South Africa.
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emerging African democracies: Whatrole for Norway? Bergen: Chr.
Michelsen Institute-Development Studies and Human Rights.
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utilization of state/public resources during elections: A comparative
survey of experiences in the SADC region." The politics of State resources: Party funding in South Africa. Khabele Matlosa (Ed.).
Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, pp. 11-58.
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Political Finance Disclosure Initiatives, IFES Political Finance White Paper Series.
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Political Science Association April 17, 2004 - Chicago, IL
[21] Vicki, Robinson and Stefaans Br├╝mmer (November 2006): Corporate
fronts and political party funding, SA Democracy Incorporated, ISS
Paper 129.
[22] Yaw Saffu (2003): "The Funding of Political Parties and Election and
Campaigns in Africa". Funding of Political Parties and Election
Campaigns, IDEA, Hand book Series, Reginald Austin and Maja
Tjernstrom (Eds.), pp. 21-29.
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Elections", African Journal of Political Science 2(1), 168-179.
[24] Sefakor Ashiagbor (2005): Party Finance Reform in Africa: Lessons
Learned from Four Countries: Ghana, Kenya, Senegal & South Africa.
The National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI), Washington.
[25] Inge Amundsen (2007): Donor Support to Political Parties: Status and
Principles, R 2007: 6, CMI (Chr. Michelsen Institute) Reports.
[26] Mohamed Salih and Per Nordlund (2007): Political Parties in Africa:
Challenges for Sustained Multiparty Democracy, Africa Regional
Report Based on Research and Dialogue with Political Parties, IDEA.Stockholm.
[27] CDD-Ghana (Ghana Center for Democratic Development) (March
2005): Financing political Parties in Ghana: Policy Guidelines
[28] E.Gyimah-Boadi (March 2000):"Ghana".
[29] Berhanu Nega (1998 EC): Yenetsanet Goh Siked. Likelebes Yetemokerew Ye Ethiopia Democracy (in Amharic) ("The Dawn of
Freedom").
[30] Lidetu Ayallew (1998 EC): "Yearem Erisha" ("Weed Farm"), Addis
Ababa: Progress Printing Press.
[31] Lovise Aalen (2002): Ethnic Federalism in a Dominant Party State: The
Ethiopian Experience 1991-2000. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute.
Development Studies and Human Rights, Bergen.
[32] The Reporter (22 December 2007): "Draft parties- registration law
raises controversy".
[33] David Hamilton Shinn and Thomas P. Ofcansky (2004): Historical
Dictionary of Ethiopia; Lanham: Rowman and Littelfield Pub Inc.
[34] John Prendergast and Mark Duffield (1998): "Liberation politics in
Ethiopia and Eritrea", Civil War in Africa: Roots and Resolution,
Taisier M. Ali and Robert O. Matthews (Eds.). Toronto, pp. 35-52.
[35] The Ethiopian Herald (26 July 2005): "Somali state chief calls on
public to register for upcoming election. Training offered for election
executives," LXI (273).
[36] The Ethiopian Herald (18 August 2005): "Somali elections: ERIS
funds candidates- Campaigning," LXI (293).
[37] Ethiomedia (17 September 2007): "Washington DC raises $137,000 to
bolster democratic opposition".
[38] The Reporter (26 December 2007): "Yepoletika Partiwoch Mizgeba
Rekik Awaj Letekawami Partiwoch Altemechachewem" ("Political
Parties Registration Draft Law is not suitable for the opposition").
[39] USAID (2004): Political-Party Finance in Argentina, Chile, Costa
Rica and Mexico: Lessons for Latin America. Technical Assistance
Module (TAM). Americas Accountability Anti-Corruption Project. Alexandria.
[40] African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption,
11 July 2003, Article 10.
[41] Susan E. Scarrow (n.d):” Money, Politics, and the Balance of Power:
Comparing Official Stories”, Department of Political Science
University of Houston.
[42] Karen Fogg (12 August 2003): “Paying for Parties–Choices for
Democrats”, a speech delivered at a public lecture organized by the
Center for Democratic Institutions, the National Institute of Social
Sciences and Law, and the Senate of the Australian Parliament House.
[43] Horacio Boneo and Bob Dahl (May 2006): “Lessons Learned About
Political Finance in Post Conflict Societies,” in: Political Finance in
Post-Conflict Societies, Jef Fisher, Marcin Walecki, Jeffrey Carlson
(Eds.), USAID and IFES, pp. 5-8.
[44] Maja Tjernström and Anna Katz (2003): “Introduction to the Matrix,”
in: Austin, Reginald and Tjernström, Maja (eds): Funding of Political
Parties and Election Campaigns. pp. 180-223.
[45] Uche J. Emelonye (2004): “Political Finance in Nigeria: a Policy
Agenda for Reform.” In: Political Finance and Democracy in Nigeria:
Prospects and Strategies for Reform.
[46] USAID (US Agency for International Development) (2003): Money in
Politics Handbook: A Guide to Increasing Transparency in Emerging
Democracies. Technical Publication Series, Washington DC.
[47] Antonio Argandona (January 2002): “Political party funding and
Business Corporation,” Research Paper No. 548, IESE, University of
Navarra.
[48] Ndubisi Obiorah (Ed) (January 2004): “Preface,” In: Political Finance
and Democracy in Nigeria: Prospects and Strategies for Reform.
Lagos: Center for Law and Social Action (CLASA).
[49] Carolyn M. Warner (2005): “The corruption of campaign and party
finance laws.” Paper prepared for delivery at the 2005 Annual Meeting
of the American Political Science Association, Washington DC,
September 1-4, 2005.
[50] Michael Pinto-Duschinsky and Alexander Postnikov (February 1999):
Campaign Finance in Foreign Countries: Legal Regulation and
Political Practices (A Comparative Legal Survey and Analysis), IFES,
Washington D.C.
[51] Michael Johnston (2005): Political Parties and Democracy in
Theoretical and Practical Perspectives Political Finance Policy,
Parties, and Democratic Development, The National Democratic
Institute for International Affairs (NDI), Washington.
[52] Steven Griner and Daniel Zovatto (Eds) (2005): “From Norms to Good
Practices: A Comparative Regional Analysis of the Funding of Political
Parties and Election Campaigns in Latin America”, in: Funding Of
Political Parties And Election Campaigns In The Americas, San José:
the Organization of American States (OAS) and the International
Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA),
pp. 17-86.
[53] L. Le Duc, R.G. Niemi, and P.Norris (Eds.) (1996): Comparing
Democracies and Voting in Globlal Perspective. Thousand Oaks: Sage
publications.
[54] Ignacio Ortuno-Ortin and Christian Schultz (November 2000): “Public
Funding of Political Parties,” Working Paper No. 368, CESifo Working
Paper Series. Munich.
[55] Michel Perottino (2005): “The Czech Republic” in: Legislation and
Control Mechanisms of Political Parties’ Funding: Czech Republic,
Poland, Romania, Ukraine. Bucharest. Institute for Public Policies
(IPP), pp. 13-50.
[56] Jóhanna Kristín Birnir (2004): Streamlining Party Systems? The
different effects of public funding on new and established democracies.
Paper prepared for the Midwestern Political Science Association
Annual Conference, Chicago, April 14-18 2004.
[57] Michael Pinto-Duschinsky (November 2001): Political Financing in
the Commonwealth, The Democracy Unit, Political Affairs Division,
Commonwealth Secretariat, Pall Mall.
[58] Lise Rakner and Lars Svàsand (2002): Multi party elections in Africa’s
new democracies. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute.
[59] L. Schikonye (2000): “The functioning and funding of political parties
(in the SADC region)”, International IDEA Conference-Towards
Sustainable Democratic Institutions in Southern Africa.
[60] Hayden Phillips (March 2007): “Strengthening Democracy: Fair and
Sustainable Funding of Political Parties,” The Review of the Funding of
Political Parties. Norwich
[61] Tesfaye Habisso (23 January 2007): “ETHIOPIA: The Case against
State Funding of Political Parties”.
<http://www.aigaforum.com/The_Case_Against.htm > (Accessed
23.01.08).
[62] Alejandro Poire (2006): “In the public interest or a poisoned subsidy?
Public finding of political parties: Sub-national evidence from
Mexico”, Harvard University.
[63] Richard S. Katz and Peter Mair (1995):“Changing Models of Party
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@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:57853", author = "Wondwosen Teshome B.", title = "Political Finance in Africa: Ethiopia as a Case Study", abstract = "Since 1991 Ethiopia has officially adopted multi-party democracy. At present, there are 89 registered political parties in the country. Though political parties play an important role in the functioning of a democratic government, how to fund them is an issue of major concern. Political parties and individual candidates running for political office have to raise funds for election campaigns, and to survive as political candidates. The aim of this paper is to examine party funding problems in Africa by taking the case of Ethiopia as an example. The paper also evaluates the motives of local and international donors in giving financial and material support to political parties in emerging democracies and assesses the merits and de-merits of their donations.
", keywords = "Africa, State funding, Ethiopia, Political finance, Political party, Western donors.", volume = "3", number = "7", pages = "1552-14", }
