Phase-Averaged Analysis of Three-Dimensional Vorticity in the Wake of Two Yawed Side-By-Side Circular Cylinders
Thewake flow behind two yawed side-by-sidecircular
cylinders is investigated using athree-dimensional vorticity probe.
Four yaw angles (α), namely, 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° and twocylinder
spacing ratios T*
of 1.7 and 3.0 were tested. For T*
= 3.0, there exist
two vortex streets and the cylinders behave as independent and
isolated ones. The maximum contour value of the coherent streamwise
vorticity ~* ωx
is only about 10% of that of the spanwise vorticity ~* ωz
.
With the increase of α,
~* ωx
increases whereas ~* ωz
decreases. At α =
45°, ~* ωx
is about 67% of ~* ωz
.For T* = 1.7, only a single peak is
detected in the energy spectrum. The spanwise vorticity contours have
an organized pattern only at α = 0°. The maximum coherent vorticity
contours of ~* ω x
and ~* ωz
for T*
= 1.7 are about 30% and 7% of those
for T*
= 3.0.The independence principle (IP)in terms of Strouhal
numbers is applicable in both wakes when α< 40°.
[1] Mahir, N. and D. Rockwell, Vortex formation from a forced system of
two cylinders. Part II: Side-by-side arrangement, Journal of Fluids and
Structures, vol. 10, 1996,pp. 491-500.
[2] Zdravkovich, M.M., Review of flow interference between two circular
cylinders in various arrangements, Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 99,
1977,pp. 618-633.
[3] Zhou, Y., H.J. Zhang, and M.W. Yiu, The turbulent wake of two
side-by-side circular cylinders, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 458,
2002,pp. 303-332.
[4] Bearman, P.W. and A.J. Wadcock, The interaction between a pair of
circular cylinders normal to a stream, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 61,
1973,pp. 499-511.
[5] Zhou, Y., Wang, Z.J., So, R.M.C., Xu, S.J. and Jin, W. Free vibrations of
two side-by-side cylinders in a cross-flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
vol. 443, 2001,pp. 197-229.
[6] Williamson, C.H.K., Evolution of a single wake behind a pair of bluff
bodies, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 159, pp. 1985, 1-18.
[7] Chen, L., J.Y. Tu, and G.H. Yeoh, Numerical simulation of turbulent
wake flows behind two side-by-side cylinders, Journal of Fluids and
Structures, vol. 18, 2003,pp. 387-403.
[8] Ishigai, S., Nishikawa, E., Nishmura, K., Cho, K, Experimental study on
structure of gas flow on tube banks with tube axes normal to flow, Part 1,
Karman vortex flow from two tubes at various spacing ratios, Bulletin of
Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 15, 1972,pp. 945-956.
[9] Kim, H.J. and P.A. Durbin, Investigation of the flow between a pair of
circular cylinders in the flopping regime, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.
196, 1988,pp. 431-448.
[10] Sumner, D., Wong, S.S.T, Price, S.J. and PaÏdoussis, M.P., Fluid
behaviour of side-by-side circular cylinders in steady cross-flow, Journal
of Fluids and Structures, vol. 13, 1999,pp. 309-338.
[11] Alam, M.M. and Y. Zhou, Turbulent wake of an inclined cylinder with
water running, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 589, 2007,pp. 261-303.
[12] Surry, D. and J. Surry, The effect of inclination on the Strouhal number
and other wake properties of circular cylinders at subcritical Reynolds
numbers, in Technical Report. 1967, UTIAS TechnicaI Institute for
Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto.
[13] Zhou, T., Razali, S.F.Mohd, Zhou, Y., Chua, L.P. and Cheng, L.,
Dependence of the wake on inclination of a stationary cylinder,
Experiments in Fluids, vol. 46, 2009,pp. 1125-1138.
[14] Marshall, J.S., Wake dynamic of a yawed cylinder, Journal of Fluids
Engineering, vol. 125, 2003,pp. 97-103.
[15] Hoerner, S.F., Fluid-dynamic drag: Practical information on aerodynamic
drag and hydrodynamic resistance. 1965: Hoerner Fluid Dynamics. pp.
3-11.
[16] Schlichting, H., Boundary-layer theory. 7th ed. ed. 1979, New York:
McGraw-Hill.
[17] Hanson, A.R., Vortex shedding from yawed cylinders, AIAA Journal 4,
1966,pp. 738-740.
[18] Van Atta, C.W., Experiments on vortex shedding from yawed circular
cylinders, AIAA Journal, vol. 6, no. 5, 1968,pp. 931-933.
[19] King, R., A review of vortex shedding research and its application, Ocean
Eng, vol. 4, 1977,pp. 141-171.
[20] Ramberg, S.E., The effect of yaw and finite length upon the vortex wakes
of stationary and vibrating circular cylinders, Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
vol. 128, 1983,pp. 81-107.
[21] Kozakiewicz, A., J. Fredsøe, and B.M. Sumer. Forces on pipelines in
oblique attack: steady current and waves. In Proceedings of the fifth
international offshore and polar engineering conference. 1995. The
Hague, The Netherlands: The International Society of Offshore and Polar
Engineers.
[22] Lucor, D. and G.E. Karniadakis, Effects of oblique inflow in
vortex-induced vibrations, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, vol. 71,
2003,pp. 375-389.
[23] Thakur, A., X. Liu, and J.S. Marshall, Wake flow of single and multiple
yawed cylinders, Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 126, 2004, pp.
861-870.
[24] Smith, A.R., W.T. Moon, and T.W. Kao, Experiments on flow about a
yawed circular cylinder, Journal Basic Engineering, vol. 94, 1972, pp.
771-777.
[25] Kiya, M. and M. Matsumura, Turbulence structure in intermediate wake
of a circular cylinder, Bulletin of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,
vol. 28, 245, 1985,pp. 2617-2624.
[26] Zhou, T., Wang, H., Razali, S.F. Mohd., Zhou, Y. and Cheng,
L.Three-dimensional vorticity measurements in the wake of a yawed
circular cylinder, Physics of Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, 015108.
[27] Matsumoto, M., N. Shiraishi, and H. Shirato, Rain-wind induced
vibration of cables of cable-stayed bridges, Journal of Wind Engineering
and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 43, 1992,pp. 2011-2022.
[28] Hammache, M. and M. Gharib, An experimental study of the parallel and
oblique vortex shedding from circular cylinders, Journal of Fluid
Mechanics, vol. 232, 1991,pp. 567-590.
[29] Mansy, H., P.-M. Yang, and D.R. Williams, Quantitative measurements
of three-dimensional structures in the wake of a circular cylinder, Journal
of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 270, 1994, pp. 277-296.
[30] Zhang, H.J. and Y. Zhou, Effect of unequal cylinder spacing on vortex
streets behind three side-by-side cylinders, Physics of Fluids,vol. 13 no.
12, 2001,pp. 3675-3686.
[1] Mahir, N. and D. Rockwell, Vortex formation from a forced system of
two cylinders. Part II: Side-by-side arrangement, Journal of Fluids and
Structures, vol. 10, 1996,pp. 491-500.
[2] Zdravkovich, M.M., Review of flow interference between two circular
cylinders in various arrangements, Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 99,
1977,pp. 618-633.
[3] Zhou, Y., H.J. Zhang, and M.W. Yiu, The turbulent wake of two
side-by-side circular cylinders, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 458,
2002,pp. 303-332.
[4] Bearman, P.W. and A.J. Wadcock, The interaction between a pair of
circular cylinders normal to a stream, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 61,
1973,pp. 499-511.
[5] Zhou, Y., Wang, Z.J., So, R.M.C., Xu, S.J. and Jin, W. Free vibrations of
two side-by-side cylinders in a cross-flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
vol. 443, 2001,pp. 197-229.
[6] Williamson, C.H.K., Evolution of a single wake behind a pair of bluff
bodies, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 159, pp. 1985, 1-18.
[7] Chen, L., J.Y. Tu, and G.H. Yeoh, Numerical simulation of turbulent
wake flows behind two side-by-side cylinders, Journal of Fluids and
Structures, vol. 18, 2003,pp. 387-403.
[8] Ishigai, S., Nishikawa, E., Nishmura, K., Cho, K, Experimental study on
structure of gas flow on tube banks with tube axes normal to flow, Part 1,
Karman vortex flow from two tubes at various spacing ratios, Bulletin of
Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 15, 1972,pp. 945-956.
[9] Kim, H.J. and P.A. Durbin, Investigation of the flow between a pair of
circular cylinders in the flopping regime, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.
196, 1988,pp. 431-448.
[10] Sumner, D., Wong, S.S.T, Price, S.J. and PaÏdoussis, M.P., Fluid
behaviour of side-by-side circular cylinders in steady cross-flow, Journal
of Fluids and Structures, vol. 13, 1999,pp. 309-338.
[11] Alam, M.M. and Y. Zhou, Turbulent wake of an inclined cylinder with
water running, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 589, 2007,pp. 261-303.
[12] Surry, D. and J. Surry, The effect of inclination on the Strouhal number
and other wake properties of circular cylinders at subcritical Reynolds
numbers, in Technical Report. 1967, UTIAS TechnicaI Institute for
Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto.
[13] Zhou, T., Razali, S.F.Mohd, Zhou, Y., Chua, L.P. and Cheng, L.,
Dependence of the wake on inclination of a stationary cylinder,
Experiments in Fluids, vol. 46, 2009,pp. 1125-1138.
[14] Marshall, J.S., Wake dynamic of a yawed cylinder, Journal of Fluids
Engineering, vol. 125, 2003,pp. 97-103.
[15] Hoerner, S.F., Fluid-dynamic drag: Practical information on aerodynamic
drag and hydrodynamic resistance. 1965: Hoerner Fluid Dynamics. pp.
3-11.
[16] Schlichting, H., Boundary-layer theory. 7th ed. ed. 1979, New York:
McGraw-Hill.
[17] Hanson, A.R., Vortex shedding from yawed cylinders, AIAA Journal 4,
1966,pp. 738-740.
[18] Van Atta, C.W., Experiments on vortex shedding from yawed circular
cylinders, AIAA Journal, vol. 6, no. 5, 1968,pp. 931-933.
[19] King, R., A review of vortex shedding research and its application, Ocean
Eng, vol. 4, 1977,pp. 141-171.
[20] Ramberg, S.E., The effect of yaw and finite length upon the vortex wakes
of stationary and vibrating circular cylinders, Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
vol. 128, 1983,pp. 81-107.
[21] Kozakiewicz, A., J. Fredsøe, and B.M. Sumer. Forces on pipelines in
oblique attack: steady current and waves. In Proceedings of the fifth
international offshore and polar engineering conference. 1995. The
Hague, The Netherlands: The International Society of Offshore and Polar
Engineers.
[22] Lucor, D. and G.E. Karniadakis, Effects of oblique inflow in
vortex-induced vibrations, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, vol. 71,
2003,pp. 375-389.
[23] Thakur, A., X. Liu, and J.S. Marshall, Wake flow of single and multiple
yawed cylinders, Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 126, 2004, pp.
861-870.
[24] Smith, A.R., W.T. Moon, and T.W. Kao, Experiments on flow about a
yawed circular cylinder, Journal Basic Engineering, vol. 94, 1972, pp.
771-777.
[25] Kiya, M. and M. Matsumura, Turbulence structure in intermediate wake
of a circular cylinder, Bulletin of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,
vol. 28, 245, 1985,pp. 2617-2624.
[26] Zhou, T., Wang, H., Razali, S.F. Mohd., Zhou, Y. and Cheng,
L.Three-dimensional vorticity measurements in the wake of a yawed
circular cylinder, Physics of Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, 015108.
[27] Matsumoto, M., N. Shiraishi, and H. Shirato, Rain-wind induced
vibration of cables of cable-stayed bridges, Journal of Wind Engineering
and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 43, 1992,pp. 2011-2022.
[28] Hammache, M. and M. Gharib, An experimental study of the parallel and
oblique vortex shedding from circular cylinders, Journal of Fluid
Mechanics, vol. 232, 1991,pp. 567-590.
[29] Mansy, H., P.-M. Yang, and D.R. Williams, Quantitative measurements
of three-dimensional structures in the wake of a circular cylinder, Journal
of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 270, 1994, pp. 277-296.
[30] Zhang, H.J. and Y. Zhou, Effect of unequal cylinder spacing on vortex
streets behind three side-by-side cylinders, Physics of Fluids,vol. 13 no.
12, 2001,pp. 3675-3686.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:66081", author = "T. Zhou and S. F. Mohd. Razali and Y. Zhou and H. Wang and L. Cheng", title = "Phase-Averaged Analysis of Three-Dimensional Vorticity in the Wake of Two Yawed Side-By-Side Circular Cylinders", abstract = "Thewake flow behind two yawed side-by-sidecircular
cylinders is investigated using athree-dimensional vorticity probe.
Four yaw angles (α), namely, 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° and twocylinder
spacing ratios T*
of 1.7 and 3.0 were tested. For T*
= 3.0, there exist
two vortex streets and the cylinders behave as independent and
isolated ones. The maximum contour value of the coherent streamwise
vorticity ~* ωx
is only about 10% of that of the spanwise vorticity ~* ωz
.
With the increase of α,
~* ωx
increases whereas ~* ωz
decreases. At α =
45°, ~* ωx
is about 67% of ~* ωz
.For T* = 1.7, only a single peak is
detected in the energy spectrum. The spanwise vorticity contours have
an organized pattern only at α = 0°. The maximum coherent vorticity
contours of ~* ω x
and ~* ωz
for T*
= 1.7 are about 30% and 7% of those
for T*
= 3.0.The independence principle (IP)in terms of Strouhal
numbers is applicable in both wakes when α< 40°.
", keywords = "Circular cylinder wake, vorticity, vortex shedding.", volume = "8", number = "1", pages = "27-10", }
