Multi-Functional Insect Cuticles: Informative Designs for Man-Made Surfaces
Biomimicry has many potential benefits as many
technologies found in nature are superior to their man-made
counterparts. As technological device components approach the micro
and nanoscale, surface properties such as surface adhesion and friction
may need to be taken into account. Lowering surface adhesion by
manipulating chemistry alone might no longer be sufficient for such
components and thus physical manipulation may be required.
Adhesion reduction is only one of the many surface functions
displayed by micro/nano-structured cuticles of insects. Here, we
present a mini review of our understanding of insect cuticle structures
and the relationship between the structure dimensions and the
corresponding functional mechanisms. It may be possible to introduce
additional properties to material surfaces (indeed multi-functional
properties) based on the design of natural surfaces.
[1] H. Tada, S.E. Mann, I.N. Miaoulis, and P.Y. Wong, "Effects of a butterfly
scale microstructure on the iridescent color observed at different angles,"
Appl. Opt. , vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1579-1584, Mar. 1998.
[2] S.N. Gorb, A. Kesel, and J. Berger, "Microsculpture of the wing surface
in Odonata: evidence for cuticular wax covering," Arth. Struct. & Dev.,
vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 129-135, Apr. 2000.
[3] J.F.V. Vincent, "Biomimetics - a review," I MECH ENG H H - J. Eng.
Med., vol. 223, no. H8, pp. 919-939, Nov. 2009.
[4] R.N. Wenzel, "Resistance of Solid Surfaces to Wetting by Water," Ind.
Eng. Chem., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 988-994, 1936.
[5] N. Tas, T. Sonnenberg, H. Jansen, R. Legtenberg, and M. Elwenspoek,
"Stiction in surface micromachining," J. Micromech. Microeng., vol. 6,
no. 4, pp. 385-397, Dec. 1996.
[6] L. Eadie and T.K. Ghosh, "Biomimicry in textiles: past, present and
potential. An overview," J. R. Soc. Interface, vol. 8, no. 59, pp. 761-775,
Feb. 2011.
[7] L.C. Gao and T.J. McCarthy, ""Artificial lotus leaf" prepared using a
1945 patent and a commercial textile," Langmuir, vol. 22, no. 14, pp.
5998-6000, Jul. 2006.
[8] T.L. Sun, L. Feng, X.F. Gao, and L. Jiang, "Bioinspired surfaces with
special wettability," Accounts Chem. Res., vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 487-487, Jul.
2006.
[9] J.F.V. Vincent, "Biomimetic materials," J. Mater. Res., vol. 23, no. 12,
pp. 3140-3147, Dec. 2008.
[10] A.B.D. Cassie and S. Baxter, "Wettability of porous surfaces," Trans.
Faraday Soc., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 546-551, 1944.
[11] W. Barthlott and C. Neinhuis, "Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from
contamination in biological surfaces," Planta, vol. 202, no. 1, pp. 1-8,
May. 1997.
[12] G.S. Watson, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "The role of micro/nano
channel structuring in repelling water on cuticle arrays of the lacewing,"
J. Struct. Biol., vol. 171, no. 1, pp. 44-51, Jul. 2010.
[13] G.S. Watson, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "How
Micro/Nanoarchitecture Facilitates Anti-Wetting: An Elegant
Hierarchical Design on the Termite Wing," ACS Nano, vol. 4, no. 1, pp.
129-136, Jan. 2010.
[14] H.S. Hu, G.S. Watson, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "Non-wetting
Wings and Legs of the Cranefly Aided by Fine Structures of the Cuticle,"
J. Exp. Biol., vol. 214, no. 6, pp. 915-920, Mar. 2011.
[15] G.S. Watson, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "Experimental determination
of the efficiency of nanostructuring on non-wetting legs of the water
strider," Acta Biomater., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 4060-4064, Oct. 2010.
[16] J.W.M. Bush, D.L. Hu, and M. Prakash, "The integument of
water-walking arthropods: Form and function," Adv. Insect Physiol., vol.
34, no. Insect Mechanics and Control, pp. 117-192, 2007.
[17] G.S. Watson and J.A. Watson, "Natural nano-structures on insects -
possible functions of ordered arrays characterized by atomic force
microscopy," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 235, no. 1-2, pp. 139-144, Jul. 2004.
[18] M.X. Sun, G.S. Watson, Y.M. Zheng, J.A. Watson, and A.P. Liang,
"Wetting properties on nanostructured surfaces of cicada wings," J. Exp.
Biol., vol. 212, no. 19, pp. 3148-3155, Oct. 2009.
[19] G.S. Watson, S. Myhra, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "Putative functions
and functlonal efficiency of ordered cuticular nanoarrays on insect
wings," Biophys. J., vol. 94, no. 8, pp. 3352-3360, Apr. 2008.
[20] G.S. Watson, J.A. Watson, S. Hu, C.L. Brown, B.W. Cribb, and S. Myhra,
"Micro and nano-structures found on insect wings - designs for
minimising adhesion and friction," Int. J. Nanomanuf., vol. 5, no. 1, pp.
17, 2010.
[21] A.R. Parker and H.E. Townley, "Biomimetics of photonic
nanostructures," Nat. Nanotechnol., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 347-353, Jun. 2007.
[22] P. Vukusic, J.R. Sambles, and C.R. Lawrence, "Structurally assisted
blackness in butterfly scales," in Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B (Suppl.), London,
2004, pp. S237-S239.
[23] P. Vukusic and J.R. Sambles, "Photonic structures in biology," Nature,
vol. 424, no. 6950, pp. 852-855, Aug. 2003.
[24] N.M. Andersen and L. Cheng, "The marine insect Halobates (Heteroptera
: Gerridae): Biology, adaptations, distribution, and phylogeny," in
Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 1st ed. vol. 42,
R.N. Gibson, Ed. Boca Raton: (Crc Press-)Taylor & Francis (Group),
2005, pp. 119-179.
[25] J.A. Watson, B.W. Cribb, H.S. Hu, and G.S. Watson, "A Dual Layer Hair
Array of the Brown Lacewing: Repelling Water at Different Length
Scales," Biophys. J., vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 1149-1155, Feb. 2011.
[26] J.A. Watson, H.M. Hu, B.W. Cribb, and G.S. Watson, "Anti-wetting on
insect cuticle - Structuring to minimise adhesion and weight," in On
Biomimetics, ed. vol. L. Pramatarova, Ed. croatia: INTECH, 2011, pp.
395.
[27] C. Galinski and R. Zbikowski, "Some problems of micro air vehicles
development," Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci.-Tech. Sci., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 91-98,
Mar. 2007.
[28] D.L. Hu, M. Prakash, B. Chan, and J.W.M. Bush, "Water-walking
devices," Exp. Fluids, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 769-778, Nov. 2007.
[29] A.R. Parker and C.R. Lawrence, "Water capture by a desert beetle,"
Nature, vol. 414, no. 6859, pp. 33-34, Nov. 2001.
[30] P. Perez-Goodwyn, "Anti-Wetting Surfaces in Heteroptera (Insecta):
Hairy Solutions to Any Problem," in Functional Surfaces in Biology, 1st
ed. vol. 1: Little Structures with Big Effects, S.N. Gorb, Ed. Berlin:
Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp. 55-76.
[31] M.F. Ashby and Y.J.M. Brechet, "Designing hybrid materials," Acta
Mater., vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 5801-5821, Nov. 2003.
[32] Y. Zheng, X. Gao, and L. Jiang, "Directional adhesion of
superhydrophobic butterfly wings," Soft Matter, vol. 3, no. 2, pp.
178-182, Oct. 2007.
[33] F.X. Zhang and H.Y. Low, "Anisotropic wettability on imprinted
hierarchical structures," Langmuir, vol. 23, no. 14, pp. 7793-7798, Jun.
2007.
[34] J.Y. Chung, J.P. Youngblood, and C.M. Stafford, "Anisotropic wetting on
tunable micro-wrinkled surfaces," Soft Matter, vol. 3, no. 9, pp.
1163-1169, Jul. 2007.
[1] H. Tada, S.E. Mann, I.N. Miaoulis, and P.Y. Wong, "Effects of a butterfly
scale microstructure on the iridescent color observed at different angles,"
Appl. Opt. , vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1579-1584, Mar. 1998.
[2] S.N. Gorb, A. Kesel, and J. Berger, "Microsculpture of the wing surface
in Odonata: evidence for cuticular wax covering," Arth. Struct. & Dev.,
vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 129-135, Apr. 2000.
[3] J.F.V. Vincent, "Biomimetics - a review," I MECH ENG H H - J. Eng.
Med., vol. 223, no. H8, pp. 919-939, Nov. 2009.
[4] R.N. Wenzel, "Resistance of Solid Surfaces to Wetting by Water," Ind.
Eng. Chem., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 988-994, 1936.
[5] N. Tas, T. Sonnenberg, H. Jansen, R. Legtenberg, and M. Elwenspoek,
"Stiction in surface micromachining," J. Micromech. Microeng., vol. 6,
no. 4, pp. 385-397, Dec. 1996.
[6] L. Eadie and T.K. Ghosh, "Biomimicry in textiles: past, present and
potential. An overview," J. R. Soc. Interface, vol. 8, no. 59, pp. 761-775,
Feb. 2011.
[7] L.C. Gao and T.J. McCarthy, ""Artificial lotus leaf" prepared using a
1945 patent and a commercial textile," Langmuir, vol. 22, no. 14, pp.
5998-6000, Jul. 2006.
[8] T.L. Sun, L. Feng, X.F. Gao, and L. Jiang, "Bioinspired surfaces with
special wettability," Accounts Chem. Res., vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 487-487, Jul.
2006.
[9] J.F.V. Vincent, "Biomimetic materials," J. Mater. Res., vol. 23, no. 12,
pp. 3140-3147, Dec. 2008.
[10] A.B.D. Cassie and S. Baxter, "Wettability of porous surfaces," Trans.
Faraday Soc., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 546-551, 1944.
[11] W. Barthlott and C. Neinhuis, "Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from
contamination in biological surfaces," Planta, vol. 202, no. 1, pp. 1-8,
May. 1997.
[12] G.S. Watson, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "The role of micro/nano
channel structuring in repelling water on cuticle arrays of the lacewing,"
J. Struct. Biol., vol. 171, no. 1, pp. 44-51, Jul. 2010.
[13] G.S. Watson, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "How
Micro/Nanoarchitecture Facilitates Anti-Wetting: An Elegant
Hierarchical Design on the Termite Wing," ACS Nano, vol. 4, no. 1, pp.
129-136, Jan. 2010.
[14] H.S. Hu, G.S. Watson, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "Non-wetting
Wings and Legs of the Cranefly Aided by Fine Structures of the Cuticle,"
J. Exp. Biol., vol. 214, no. 6, pp. 915-920, Mar. 2011.
[15] G.S. Watson, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "Experimental determination
of the efficiency of nanostructuring on non-wetting legs of the water
strider," Acta Biomater., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 4060-4064, Oct. 2010.
[16] J.W.M. Bush, D.L. Hu, and M. Prakash, "The integument of
water-walking arthropods: Form and function," Adv. Insect Physiol., vol.
34, no. Insect Mechanics and Control, pp. 117-192, 2007.
[17] G.S. Watson and J.A. Watson, "Natural nano-structures on insects -
possible functions of ordered arrays characterized by atomic force
microscopy," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 235, no. 1-2, pp. 139-144, Jul. 2004.
[18] M.X. Sun, G.S. Watson, Y.M. Zheng, J.A. Watson, and A.P. Liang,
"Wetting properties on nanostructured surfaces of cicada wings," J. Exp.
Biol., vol. 212, no. 19, pp. 3148-3155, Oct. 2009.
[19] G.S. Watson, S. Myhra, B.W. Cribb, and J.A. Watson, "Putative functions
and functlonal efficiency of ordered cuticular nanoarrays on insect
wings," Biophys. J., vol. 94, no. 8, pp. 3352-3360, Apr. 2008.
[20] G.S. Watson, J.A. Watson, S. Hu, C.L. Brown, B.W. Cribb, and S. Myhra,
"Micro and nano-structures found on insect wings - designs for
minimising adhesion and friction," Int. J. Nanomanuf., vol. 5, no. 1, pp.
17, 2010.
[21] A.R. Parker and H.E. Townley, "Biomimetics of photonic
nanostructures," Nat. Nanotechnol., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 347-353, Jun. 2007.
[22] P. Vukusic, J.R. Sambles, and C.R. Lawrence, "Structurally assisted
blackness in butterfly scales," in Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B (Suppl.), London,
2004, pp. S237-S239.
[23] P. Vukusic and J.R. Sambles, "Photonic structures in biology," Nature,
vol. 424, no. 6950, pp. 852-855, Aug. 2003.
[24] N.M. Andersen and L. Cheng, "The marine insect Halobates (Heteroptera
: Gerridae): Biology, adaptations, distribution, and phylogeny," in
Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 1st ed. vol. 42,
R.N. Gibson, Ed. Boca Raton: (Crc Press-)Taylor & Francis (Group),
2005, pp. 119-179.
[25] J.A. Watson, B.W. Cribb, H.S. Hu, and G.S. Watson, "A Dual Layer Hair
Array of the Brown Lacewing: Repelling Water at Different Length
Scales," Biophys. J., vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 1149-1155, Feb. 2011.
[26] J.A. Watson, H.M. Hu, B.W. Cribb, and G.S. Watson, "Anti-wetting on
insect cuticle - Structuring to minimise adhesion and weight," in On
Biomimetics, ed. vol. L. Pramatarova, Ed. croatia: INTECH, 2011, pp.
395.
[27] C. Galinski and R. Zbikowski, "Some problems of micro air vehicles
development," Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci.-Tech. Sci., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 91-98,
Mar. 2007.
[28] D.L. Hu, M. Prakash, B. Chan, and J.W.M. Bush, "Water-walking
devices," Exp. Fluids, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 769-778, Nov. 2007.
[29] A.R. Parker and C.R. Lawrence, "Water capture by a desert beetle,"
Nature, vol. 414, no. 6859, pp. 33-34, Nov. 2001.
[30] P. Perez-Goodwyn, "Anti-Wetting Surfaces in Heteroptera (Insecta):
Hairy Solutions to Any Problem," in Functional Surfaces in Biology, 1st
ed. vol. 1: Little Structures with Big Effects, S.N. Gorb, Ed. Berlin:
Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp. 55-76.
[31] M.F. Ashby and Y.J.M. Brechet, "Designing hybrid materials," Acta
Mater., vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 5801-5821, Nov. 2003.
[32] Y. Zheng, X. Gao, and L. Jiang, "Directional adhesion of
superhydrophobic butterfly wings," Soft Matter, vol. 3, no. 2, pp.
178-182, Oct. 2007.
[33] F.X. Zhang and H.Y. Low, "Anisotropic wettability on imprinted
hierarchical structures," Langmuir, vol. 23, no. 14, pp. 7793-7798, Jun.
2007.
[34] J.Y. Chung, J.P. Youngblood, and C.M. Stafford, "Anisotropic wetting on
tunable micro-wrinkled surfaces," Soft Matter, vol. 3, no. 9, pp.
1163-1169, Jul. 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:56686", author = "Hsuan-Ming S Hu and Jolanta A Watson and Bronwen W Cribb and Gregory S Watson", title = "Multi-Functional Insect Cuticles: Informative Designs for Man-Made Surfaces", abstract = "Biomimicry has many potential benefits as many
technologies found in nature are superior to their man-made
counterparts. As technological device components approach the micro
and nanoscale, surface properties such as surface adhesion and friction
may need to be taken into account. Lowering surface adhesion by
manipulating chemistry alone might no longer be sufficient for such
components and thus physical manipulation may be required.
Adhesion reduction is only one of the many surface functions
displayed by micro/nano-structured cuticles of insects. Here, we
present a mini review of our understanding of insect cuticle structures
and the relationship between the structure dimensions and the
corresponding functional mechanisms. It may be possible to introduce
additional properties to material surfaces (indeed multi-functional
properties) based on the design of natural surfaces.", keywords = "Biomimicry, micro/nanostructures, self-cleaning surfaces, superhydrophobicity", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "979-5", }
