In this research article of modeling Underwater
Wireless Sensor Network Simulators, we provide a comprehensive
overview of the various currently available simulators used in UWSN
modeling. In this work, we compare their working environment,
software platform, simulation language, key features, limitations and
corresponding applications. Based on extensive experimentation and
performance analysis, we provide their efficiency for specific
applications. We have also provided guidelines for developing
protocols in different layers of the protocol stack, and finally these
parameters are also compared and tabulated. This analysis is
significant for researchers and designers to find the right simulator
for their research activities.
[1] Jakobsson, Martin, Ron Macnab, Larry Mayer, Robert Anderson, Margo
Edwards, Jörn Hatzky, Hans Werner Schenke, and Paul Johnson. “An
improved bathymetric portrayal of the Arctic Ocean: Implications for
ocean modeling and geological, geophysical oceanographic analyses”,
Geophysical Research Letters, Vol.35, No. 7, 2008
[2] Ian F. Akyildiz, Dario Pompili, Tommaso Melodia, “Underwater
acoustic sensor networks: research challenges”, Elsevier - Ad Hoc
Networks, Vol. 3, No.3, pp.257–279, 2005
[3] Wan Du, Fabien Mieyeville1, David Navarro, Ian O’Connor,Laurent
Carrel1, “Modeling and simulation of networked low-power embedded
systems: a taxonomy”, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications
and Networking, Vol.2014, No.1, pp 1-12, 2014
[4] Musznicki Bartosz, Piotr Zwierzykowski, “Survey of Simulators for
Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Grid and
Distributed Computing, Vol.5, No.3, pp. 23-50, 2012
[5] V.P. Dhviya, R.Arthi, “Analysis of Simulation Tools for Underwater
Wireless Sensor Networks” International Journal of Computer Science
& Engineering Technology, Vol.5, No.10, pp.952-958, Oct. 2014
[6] Salvador Climent, Antonio Sanchez, Juan Vicente Capella, Nirvana
Meratnia, Juna Jose Serrano, “Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks:
Advances and Future Trends in Physical, MAC, and Routing Layers”,
Sensors, Vol. 14, No.1, pp. 795-853, 2014
[7] Cui, Jun-Hong, Jiejun Kong, Mario Gerla, Shengli Zhou, “The
Challenges of Building Scalable Mobile Underwater Wireless Sensor
Networks for Aquatic Applications”, Network, IEEE Spl. Issue on
Wireless Sensor Networking, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 12-18, May 2006
[8] Lanbo, Liu, Zhou Shengli, Cui Jun-Hong “Prospects and problems of
wireless communication for underwater sensor networks”, Wireless
Communications And Mobile Computing, Vol.8, No.8, pp. 977–994,
2008
[9] Sundani, Harsh, Haoyue Li, Vijay K. Devabhaktuni, Mansoor Alam,
Prabir Bhattacharya “Wireless Sensor Network Simulators a survey and
comparisons” International Journal of Computer Networks, Vol. 2, No.
5, pp. 249-265, 2011
[10] Heidemann, John, Milica Stojanovic, Michele Zorzi, “Underwater
sensor networks: Applications, advances and challenges” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and
Engineering Sciences, Vol. 1958, No. 370, pp.158-175, 2012
[11] Hedrick, Robert, Lee Freitag, “Growth of Underwater Communications
technology in the U.S Navy”, Communications Magazine, IEEE, Vol.47,
No.1, pp. 80-82, 2009
[12] Petrioli, Chiara, Roberto Petroccia. “SUNSET: Simulation, emulation
and real-life testing of underwater wireless sensor networks”,
Proceedings of IEEE UComms, pp. 12-14, 2012
[13] Petrioli, Chiara, Roberto Petroccia, Daniele Spaccini, A. Vitaletti,
Tommaso Arzilli, Davide Lamanna, Alessandro Galizia, Enrico Renzi,
“The SUNRISE GATE: accessing the SUNRISE federation of facilities
to test solutions for the Internet of Underwater Things” Proceedings of
IEEE UComms, pp.1-4, 2014
[14] Riccardo Masiero, Saiful Azad, Federico Favaro, Matteo Petrani,
Giovanni Toso, Federico Guerra, Paolo Casari, Michele Zorzi,
“DESERT Underwater: an NSMiracle-based framework to DEsign,
Simulate, Emulate and Realize Test-beds for Underwater network
protocols”, Proceedings of IEEE/OES OCEANS, Korea, pp.1-20, Jun.
2012
[15] Toso, Giovanni, Ivano Calabrese, Paolo Casari, Michele Zorzi
“RECORDS: a Remote Control Framework for Underwater Networks”,
Proceedings IEEE, 13th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking
Workshop (MED-HOC-NET), pp. 111-118, 2014
[16] Le, Son N, Zheng Peng, Jun-Hong Cui, Hao Zhou, Janny Liao
“SeaLinx: A multi-instance protocol stack architecture for underwater
networking,” in Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International
Conference on Underwater Networks and Systems, Taiwan, pp.46, Nov.
2013
[17] Peng, Zheng, Zhong Shou, Jun-Hong Cui, Zhijie Jerry Shi, “Aqua-Net:
An Underwater Sensor Network Architecture: Design, Implementation,
and Initial Testing”, in Proceedings of OCEANS, MTS/IEEE Biloxi-
Marine Technology for Future: Global and Local Challenges, pp. 1-8,
2009.
[18] Tran, Matthew, Michael Zuba, Son Le, Yibo Zhu, Zheng Peng, Jun-
Hong Cui, “Aqua-3D: An Underwater Network Animator”, Proc. IEEE
Conference OCEANS, pp.1-5,Oct 14-19, 2012
[19] Issariyakul, Teerawat, Ekram Hossain. “Introduction to network
simulator NS2”, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011..
[20] Shuang, Li, Dai Wei, Zhang Sanfeng. “NS2 Enabled Multi-Routing-
Protocol Simulating of Wireless Mesh Networks”, In Proceeding of 8th
International IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications,
Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-4, 2012
[21] Dhurandher, Sanjay K., Sudip Misra, Mohammad S. Obaidat, Sushil
Khairwal, “UWSim: A simulator for underwater sensor networks,”
Simulation, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 327-338, 2008
[22] Dhurandher, Sanjay K., Mohammad S. Obaidat, Megha Gupta. “An
acoustic communication based AQUA-GLOMO simulator for
underwater networks” Human-centric Computing and Information
Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-14, 2012
[23] Zhu, Yibo, Son Le, Lina Pu, Xiaoyan Lu, Zheng Peng, Jun-Hong Cui,
Michael Zuba, “Aqua-Net Mate: A real-time virtual channel/modem
simulator for Aqua-Net”, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on OCEANS,
Bergen, pp.1-6, 2013
[24] Peng, Zheng, Zhong Zhou, Jun-Hong Cui, and Zhijie Jerry Shi. “Aqua-
Net: An underwater sensor network architecture: Design,
implementation, and initial testing”, Proc. of OCEANS, MTS/IEEE
Biloxi-Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local
Challenges, pp.1-8, 2009
[25] Baldo, Nicola, Federico Maguolo, Marco Miozzo, Michele Rossi,
Michele Zorzi. “ns2-MIRACLE: a modular framework for multitechnology
and cross-layer support in network simulator 2”,
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Performance
evaluation methodologies and tools, Institute for Computer Sciences,
Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, pp.16-23, Oct
23-25, 2007.
[26] Xie, Peng, Zhong Zhou, Zheng Peng, Hai Yan, Tiansi Hu, Jun-Hong
Cui, Zhijie Shi, Yunsi Fei, Shengli Zhou. “Aqua-Sim: an NS-2 based
simulator for underwater sensor networks”, In Proceedings of OCEANS,
MTS/IEEE Biloxi-Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local
Challenges, pp. 1-7, 2009.
[27] Peng, Zheng, Son Le, Michael Zuba, Haining Mo, Yibo Zhu, Lina Pu,
Jun Liu, Jun-Hong Cui. “Aqua-TUNE: A testbed for underwater
networks”, In Proc.OCEANS, IEEE-Spain, pp. 1-9, 2011
[28] Sehgal, Anuj, Iyad Tumar, and Jürgen Schönwälder, “Aquatools: An
underwater acoustic networking simulation toolkit”, IEEE, Oceans,
Sydney, Australia, May. 2010.
[29] Torres, Dustin, Jonathan Friedman, Thomas Schmid, Mani B.
Srivastava. “Software-defined underwater acoustic networking
platform”, Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Workshop on
UnderWater Networks, pp. 7-14. Nov. 2009.
[30] Guerra, Federico, Paolo Casari, and Michele Zorzi. “World Ocean
Simulation System (WOSS): a simulation tool for underwater networks
with realistic propagation modeling”, Proceedings of the Fourth ACM
International Workshop on UnderWater Networks, pp. 1-8. Nov. 2009
[31] Wolff, Lars Michael, Erik Szczepanski, Sabah Badri-Hoeher, “Acoustic
underwater channel and network simulator”, In Proceedings IEEE
OCEANS, Yeosu, pp. 1-6. 2012.
[32] Phoha, Shashi, Eileen M. Peluso, R. Lee Culver, “A High-Fidelity
Ocean Sampling Mobile Network (SAMON) Simulator Test-bed for
Evaluating Intelligent Control of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles”,
IEEE Journal Of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 646-653,
2001
[33] Wang, Chen, Yan-jun Fang, “Channel model simulation for underwater
acoustic sensor networks using OPNET”, Proc. 12th IEEE Conference
on Communication Technology, pp. 141-144. 2010
[34] Bai, Wei Gang, Hai Yan Wang, Rui Qin Zhao, “Modeling Underwater
Time-Varying Acoustic Channel Using OPNET”, Applied Mechanics
and Materials, Vol. 263, pp. 1178-1183. 2013.
[35] Kyriakos Ovaliadis Nick Savage, “Underwater Sensor Network
Simulation Tool (USNeT)” International Journal of Computer
Applications, Vol. 71, No. 22, pp. 19-27, 2013
[36] F. Garcin, M. H. Manshaei, and J-P. Hubaux. “Cooperation in
Underwater Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the International
Conference on Game Theory for Networks, Turkey, pp. 540-548, 2009.
[1] Jakobsson, Martin, Ron Macnab, Larry Mayer, Robert Anderson, Margo
Edwards, Jörn Hatzky, Hans Werner Schenke, and Paul Johnson. “An
improved bathymetric portrayal of the Arctic Ocean: Implications for
ocean modeling and geological, geophysical oceanographic analyses”,
Geophysical Research Letters, Vol.35, No. 7, 2008
[2] Ian F. Akyildiz, Dario Pompili, Tommaso Melodia, “Underwater
acoustic sensor networks: research challenges”, Elsevier - Ad Hoc
Networks, Vol. 3, No.3, pp.257–279, 2005
[3] Wan Du, Fabien Mieyeville1, David Navarro, Ian O’Connor,Laurent
Carrel1, “Modeling and simulation of networked low-power embedded
systems: a taxonomy”, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications
and Networking, Vol.2014, No.1, pp 1-12, 2014
[4] Musznicki Bartosz, Piotr Zwierzykowski, “Survey of Simulators for
Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Grid and
Distributed Computing, Vol.5, No.3, pp. 23-50, 2012
[5] V.P. Dhviya, R.Arthi, “Analysis of Simulation Tools for Underwater
Wireless Sensor Networks” International Journal of Computer Science
& Engineering Technology, Vol.5, No.10, pp.952-958, Oct. 2014
[6] Salvador Climent, Antonio Sanchez, Juan Vicente Capella, Nirvana
Meratnia, Juna Jose Serrano, “Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks:
Advances and Future Trends in Physical, MAC, and Routing Layers”,
Sensors, Vol. 14, No.1, pp. 795-853, 2014
[7] Cui, Jun-Hong, Jiejun Kong, Mario Gerla, Shengli Zhou, “The
Challenges of Building Scalable Mobile Underwater Wireless Sensor
Networks for Aquatic Applications”, Network, IEEE Spl. Issue on
Wireless Sensor Networking, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 12-18, May 2006
[8] Lanbo, Liu, Zhou Shengli, Cui Jun-Hong “Prospects and problems of
wireless communication for underwater sensor networks”, Wireless
Communications And Mobile Computing, Vol.8, No.8, pp. 977–994,
2008
[9] Sundani, Harsh, Haoyue Li, Vijay K. Devabhaktuni, Mansoor Alam,
Prabir Bhattacharya “Wireless Sensor Network Simulators a survey and
comparisons” International Journal of Computer Networks, Vol. 2, No.
5, pp. 249-265, 2011
[10] Heidemann, John, Milica Stojanovic, Michele Zorzi, “Underwater
sensor networks: Applications, advances and challenges” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and
Engineering Sciences, Vol. 1958, No. 370, pp.158-175, 2012
[11] Hedrick, Robert, Lee Freitag, “Growth of Underwater Communications
technology in the U.S Navy”, Communications Magazine, IEEE, Vol.47,
No.1, pp. 80-82, 2009
[12] Petrioli, Chiara, Roberto Petroccia. “SUNSET: Simulation, emulation
and real-life testing of underwater wireless sensor networks”,
Proceedings of IEEE UComms, pp. 12-14, 2012
[13] Petrioli, Chiara, Roberto Petroccia, Daniele Spaccini, A. Vitaletti,
Tommaso Arzilli, Davide Lamanna, Alessandro Galizia, Enrico Renzi,
“The SUNRISE GATE: accessing the SUNRISE federation of facilities
to test solutions for the Internet of Underwater Things” Proceedings of
IEEE UComms, pp.1-4, 2014
[14] Riccardo Masiero, Saiful Azad, Federico Favaro, Matteo Petrani,
Giovanni Toso, Federico Guerra, Paolo Casari, Michele Zorzi,
“DESERT Underwater: an NSMiracle-based framework to DEsign,
Simulate, Emulate and Realize Test-beds for Underwater network
protocols”, Proceedings of IEEE/OES OCEANS, Korea, pp.1-20, Jun.
2012
[15] Toso, Giovanni, Ivano Calabrese, Paolo Casari, Michele Zorzi
“RECORDS: a Remote Control Framework for Underwater Networks”,
Proceedings IEEE, 13th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking
Workshop (MED-HOC-NET), pp. 111-118, 2014
[16] Le, Son N, Zheng Peng, Jun-Hong Cui, Hao Zhou, Janny Liao
“SeaLinx: A multi-instance protocol stack architecture for underwater
networking,” in Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International
Conference on Underwater Networks and Systems, Taiwan, pp.46, Nov.
2013
[17] Peng, Zheng, Zhong Shou, Jun-Hong Cui, Zhijie Jerry Shi, “Aqua-Net:
An Underwater Sensor Network Architecture: Design, Implementation,
and Initial Testing”, in Proceedings of OCEANS, MTS/IEEE Biloxi-
Marine Technology for Future: Global and Local Challenges, pp. 1-8,
2009.
[18] Tran, Matthew, Michael Zuba, Son Le, Yibo Zhu, Zheng Peng, Jun-
Hong Cui, “Aqua-3D: An Underwater Network Animator”, Proc. IEEE
Conference OCEANS, pp.1-5,Oct 14-19, 2012
[19] Issariyakul, Teerawat, Ekram Hossain. “Introduction to network
simulator NS2”, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011..
[20] Shuang, Li, Dai Wei, Zhang Sanfeng. “NS2 Enabled Multi-Routing-
Protocol Simulating of Wireless Mesh Networks”, In Proceeding of 8th
International IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications,
Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-4, 2012
[21] Dhurandher, Sanjay K., Sudip Misra, Mohammad S. Obaidat, Sushil
Khairwal, “UWSim: A simulator for underwater sensor networks,”
Simulation, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 327-338, 2008
[22] Dhurandher, Sanjay K., Mohammad S. Obaidat, Megha Gupta. “An
acoustic communication based AQUA-GLOMO simulator for
underwater networks” Human-centric Computing and Information
Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-14, 2012
[23] Zhu, Yibo, Son Le, Lina Pu, Xiaoyan Lu, Zheng Peng, Jun-Hong Cui,
Michael Zuba, “Aqua-Net Mate: A real-time virtual channel/modem
simulator for Aqua-Net”, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on OCEANS,
Bergen, pp.1-6, 2013
[24] Peng, Zheng, Zhong Zhou, Jun-Hong Cui, and Zhijie Jerry Shi. “Aqua-
Net: An underwater sensor network architecture: Design,
implementation, and initial testing”, Proc. of OCEANS, MTS/IEEE
Biloxi-Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local
Challenges, pp.1-8, 2009
[25] Baldo, Nicola, Federico Maguolo, Marco Miozzo, Michele Rossi,
Michele Zorzi. “ns2-MIRACLE: a modular framework for multitechnology
and cross-layer support in network simulator 2”,
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Performance
evaluation methodologies and tools, Institute for Computer Sciences,
Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, pp.16-23, Oct
23-25, 2007.
[26] Xie, Peng, Zhong Zhou, Zheng Peng, Hai Yan, Tiansi Hu, Jun-Hong
Cui, Zhijie Shi, Yunsi Fei, Shengli Zhou. “Aqua-Sim: an NS-2 based
simulator for underwater sensor networks”, In Proceedings of OCEANS,
MTS/IEEE Biloxi-Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local
Challenges, pp. 1-7, 2009.
[27] Peng, Zheng, Son Le, Michael Zuba, Haining Mo, Yibo Zhu, Lina Pu,
Jun Liu, Jun-Hong Cui. “Aqua-TUNE: A testbed for underwater
networks”, In Proc.OCEANS, IEEE-Spain, pp. 1-9, 2011
[28] Sehgal, Anuj, Iyad Tumar, and Jürgen Schönwälder, “Aquatools: An
underwater acoustic networking simulation toolkit”, IEEE, Oceans,
Sydney, Australia, May. 2010.
[29] Torres, Dustin, Jonathan Friedman, Thomas Schmid, Mani B.
Srivastava. “Software-defined underwater acoustic networking
platform”, Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Workshop on
UnderWater Networks, pp. 7-14. Nov. 2009.
[30] Guerra, Federico, Paolo Casari, and Michele Zorzi. “World Ocean
Simulation System (WOSS): a simulation tool for underwater networks
with realistic propagation modeling”, Proceedings of the Fourth ACM
International Workshop on UnderWater Networks, pp. 1-8. Nov. 2009
[31] Wolff, Lars Michael, Erik Szczepanski, Sabah Badri-Hoeher, “Acoustic
underwater channel and network simulator”, In Proceedings IEEE
OCEANS, Yeosu, pp. 1-6. 2012.
[32] Phoha, Shashi, Eileen M. Peluso, R. Lee Culver, “A High-Fidelity
Ocean Sampling Mobile Network (SAMON) Simulator Test-bed for
Evaluating Intelligent Control of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles”,
IEEE Journal Of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 646-653,
2001
[33] Wang, Chen, Yan-jun Fang, “Channel model simulation for underwater
acoustic sensor networks using OPNET”, Proc. 12th IEEE Conference
on Communication Technology, pp. 141-144. 2010
[34] Bai, Wei Gang, Hai Yan Wang, Rui Qin Zhao, “Modeling Underwater
Time-Varying Acoustic Channel Using OPNET”, Applied Mechanics
and Materials, Vol. 263, pp. 1178-1183. 2013.
[35] Kyriakos Ovaliadis Nick Savage, “Underwater Sensor Network
Simulation Tool (USNeT)” International Journal of Computer
Applications, Vol. 71, No. 22, pp. 19-27, 2013
[36] F. Garcin, M. H. Manshaei, and J-P. Hubaux. “Cooperation in
Underwater Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the International
Conference on Game Theory for Networks, Turkey, pp. 540-548, 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:70036", author = "Christhu Raj and Rajeev Sukumaran", title = "Modeling UWSN Simulators – A Taxonomy", abstract = "In this research article of modeling Underwater
Wireless Sensor Network Simulators, we provide a comprehensive
overview of the various currently available simulators used in UWSN
modeling. In this work, we compare their working environment,
software platform, simulation language, key features, limitations and
corresponding applications. Based on extensive experimentation and
performance analysis, we provide their efficiency for specific
applications. We have also provided guidelines for developing
protocols in different layers of the protocol stack, and finally these
parameters are also compared and tabulated. This analysis is
significant for researchers and designers to find the right simulator
for their research activities.", keywords = "Underwater Wireless Sensor networks (UWSN),
SUNSET, NS2, OPNET, WOSS, DESERT, RECORDS, Aqua- Sim,
Aqua- Net Mate.", volume = "9", number = "2", pages = "585-8", }
