Extracting Therapeutic Grade Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Plant Family in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): Highlights on Great Possibilities and Sever Difficulties
Essential oils are expensive phytochemicals produced
and extracted from specific species belonging to particular families in
the plant kingdom. In the United Arab Emirates country (UAE), is
located in the arid region of the world, nine species, from the
Lamiaceae family, having the capability to produce therapeutic grade
essential oils. These species include; Mentha spicata, Ocimum
forskolei, Salvia macrosiphon, Salvia aegyptiaca, Salvia macilenta,
Salvia spinosa, Teucrium polium, Teucrium stocksianum and Zataria
multiflora. Although, such potential species are indigenous to the
UAE, however, there are almost no studies available to investigate
the chemical composition and the quality of the extracted essential
oils under the UAE climatological conditions. Therefore, great
attention has to be given to such valuable natural resources, through
conducting highly supported research projects, tailored to the UAE
conditions, and investigating different extraction techniques,
including the application of the latest available technologies, such as
superficial fluid CO2. This is crucially needed; in order to accomplish
the greatest possibilities in the medicinal field, specifically in the
discovery of new therapeutic chemotypes, as well as, to achieve the
sustainability of this natural resource in the country.
[1] E. Reverchon, "Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of
essential oils and related products," The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,
vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-37, 1997.
[2] S. Burt, "Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential
applications in foods—a review," International journal of food
microbiology, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 223-253, 2004.
[3] M. Wink, "Evolution of secondary metabolites from an ecological and
molecular phylogenetic perspective," Phytochemistry, vol. 64, no. 1, pp.
3--19, 2003.
[4] J. Rios, M. Recio and A. Villar, "Screening methods for natural products
with antimicrobial activity: a review of the literature," Journal of
ethnopharmacology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 127-149, 1988.
[5] A. K. Tyagi, A. Malik, Gottardi and A. K. a. M. A. a. G. Tyagi,
"Essential oil vapour and negative air ions: A novel tool for food
preservation," Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp.
99-113, 2012.
[6] T. Fornari, G. Vicente, E. Vazquez, M. R. Garca-Risco and G. Reglero,
"Isolation of essential oil from different plants and herbs by supercritical
fluid extraction," Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1250, pp. 34-48,
2012.
[7] S. Handa, D. Rakesh and K. Vasisht, Compendium of medicinal and
aromatic plants ASIA, vol. 2, ICS-UNIDO, 2006, pp. 305.
[8] G. Brown and S. Sakkir, "The Vascular Plants of Abu Dhabi Emirate,"
Environmental Research & Wildlife Development Agency, 2004.
[9] MIC, United Arab Emirates Yearbook, Trident Press, 2006.
[10] FAO, "Irrigation in the near east region in figures," Natural Resources
Management and Environment Department, Rome, 1997.
[11] MEW, "Agriculture Information Center," Dubai, 2005.
[12] A. A. Murad, H. Al Nuaimi and M. Al Hammadi, "Comprehensive
Assessment of Water Resources in the United Arab Emirates (UAE),"
Water Resources Management, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1449-1463 , 2007.
[13] EAD, "Abu Dhabi water resources master plan," Abu Dhabi, 2009.
[14] S. M. Shahin and M. A. M. Salem, "The cost of landscaping beauty in
the United Arab Emirates (UAE): Call for quick actions to save the
irrigation resources," in Proceedings of ICMTSET 2014, Dubai, 2014.
[15] A. M. O. Mohamed and S. M. Shahin, "Impact of soil magnetic
properties on moisture content prediction using TDR," ASTM
geotechnical testing journal, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 273-278, 2011.
[16] S. M. Shahin, H. Ghamlouche and A. O. Mohammed, "Dependency of
Dielectric Permittivity on Iron and Iron-bearing Minerals Content in
Soil," in Proceedings of the Tenth UAE University Annual Conference ,
Al Ain, 2009.
[17] S. M. Shahin and M. A. M. Salem, "The lifeline rescuers of tomorrow's
landscaping in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): All the hope rests on
the indigenous plants," in Proceedings of ICMTSET 2014, Dubai, 2014.
[18] B. Boer and A. S. Chaudhary, "New records for the flora of the United
Arab Emirates," in Willdenowia-Annals of the Botanic Garden and
Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, vol. 29, Botanic Garden and
Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, 1999, pp. 159-165.
[19] A. Amin and M. Mousa, "Merits of anti-cancer plants from the Arabian
Gulf region," Cancer therapy, vol. 5, pp. 55-66, 2007.
[20] S. Sabitha, K. Maher and M. Mohamed, "Medicinal plants diversity and
their conservation status in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)," Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1304-13, 2012.
[21] M. Al Yousuf, A. K. Bashir, A. Dobos, K. Veres and G. Nagy, "The
composition of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum from the
United Arab Emirates," Journal of Essential Oil Research, vol. 14, no. 1,
pp. 47-48, 2002.
[22] M. Q. Samejo, S. Memon, M. I. Bhanger and K. M. Khan, "Chemical
compositions of the essential oil of Aerva javanica leaves and stems,"
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry, vol. 13, pp.
48-52, 2012.
[23] A. R. Western, The flora of the United Arab Emirates: an introduction,
vol. 2, Al Ain: United Arab Emirates University, 1989.
[24] A. H. Al-Marzouqi, M. V. Rao and B. Jobe, "Comparative evaluation of
SFE and steam distillation methods on the yield and composition of
essential oil extracted from spearmint (Mentha spicata)," Journal of
liquid chromatography & related technologies, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 463-
475, 2007.
[25] M. O. Fatope, R. G. Marwah, N. M. Al Hadhrami, A. K. Onifade and J.
R. Williams, "Identification of the Chemotypes of Ocimum forskolei and
Ocimum basilicum by NMR Spectroscopy," Chemistry and biodiversity,
pp. 2457-2463, 2008.
[26] K. Javidnia, R. Miri and A. Jamalian, "Composition of the essential oil
of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. from Iran," Flavour and fragrance journal,
vol. 20, pp. 542-543, 2005.
[27] S. A. Basif, "Chemical Constituents of Salvia aegyptiaca," Science, vol.
16, no. 1, pp. 33-39, 2004.
[28] A. Sonboli, A. Fakhari and F. Sefidkon, "Chemical composition of the
essential oil of Salvia macilenta from Iran," Chemistry of natural
compounds, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 1-168, 2005.
[29] M. S. Sourmaghi, G. Amin and Znas, "Chemical Composition and
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Salvia spinosa L.," Asian
Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 654-656, 2006.
[30] T. A. Aburjai, M. A. Hudaib and V. Cavrin, "Composition of the
Essential Oil from Jordanian Germander (Teucrium polium L.)," Journal
of Essential Oil Research, vol. 18, pp. 97-99, 2006.
[31] K. Keefover-Ring, J. D. Thompson and Y. B. Linhart, "Beyond six
scents: defining a seventh Thymus vulgaris chemotype new to southern
France by ethanol extraction," Flavour and fragrance journal, vol. 24,
no. 3, pp. 117-122, 2009.
[32] S. M. Pourmortazavi and S. S. Hajimirsadeghi, "Supercritical fluid
extraction in plant essential and volatile oil analysis," Journal of
chromatography, vol. 1163, no. 1, pp. 2-24, 2007.
[33] N. Bouhouche and T. Ksiksi, "Micropropagation of Teucrium
stocksianum and Caralluma arabica: two endangered medicinal plants,"
Revue des regions arides, vol. 2, pp. 826-831, 2007.
[34] H. Ebrahimzadeha, Y. Yaminib, F. Sefidkonc, M. Chaloosid and S. M.
Pourmortazavib, "Chemical composition of the essential oil and
supercritical CO2 extracts of Zataria multiflora Boiss," Food chemistry,
vol. 83, pp. 357-361, 2003.
[35] Najaran, "Review of the Essential Oil Composition of Iranian
Lamiaceae," Journal of Essential Oil Research, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 35-74,
2011.
[36] K. Vagionas, O. Ngassapa, D. Runyoro, K. Graikou, O. Gortzi and I.
Chinou, "Chemical analysis of edible aromatic plants growing in
Tanzania," Food chemistry, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 1711-1717, 2007.
[37] A. C. Jaleel, P. Manivannan, A. Kishorekumar, B. Sankar, R. Gopi, R.
Somasundaram and R. Panneerselvam, "Alterations in osmoregulation,
antioxidant enzymes and indole alkaloid levels in Catharanthus roseus
exposed to water deficit," Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol.
59, pp. 150-157, 2007.
[38] A. C. Jaleel, P. Manivannan, B. Sankar, A. Kishorekumar, R. Gopi, R.
Somasundaram and R. Panneerselvam, "Induction of drought stress
tolerance by ketoconazole in Catharanthus roseus is mediated by
enhanced antioxidant potentials and secondary metabolite
accumulation," Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 60, no. 2, pp.
201-206, 2007.
[39] S. Sakkir, J. N. Shah, A. J. Cheruth and M. Kabshawi, "Phenology of
desert plants from an arid gravel plain in eastern United Arab Emirates,"
Journal of Arid Land, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 54-62, 2015.
[40] M. A. Salem, W. Al-Zayadneh, H. F. Schulze, and A. J. Cheruth, "Effect
of nano-hydrophobic sand layer in datepalm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
cultivation in aridlands," Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment,
vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 591-595, 2013.
[41] S. M. Shahin and M. A. Salem, "The five key solutions to rescue the
landscaping sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)," Discovery
Publication, vol. 25, no. 88, pp. 41-47, 2014, ISSN 2278-5469, EISSN
2278-5450.
[42] S. Gairola, T. Mahmoud, A. Bhatt and A. El-Keblawy, "Importance of
seed banking and herbarium collections in biodiversity conservation and
research: a new initiative in the United Arab Emirates," Current Science,
vol. 105, pp. 1048-1050.2013 .
[1] E. Reverchon, "Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of
essential oils and related products," The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,
vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-37, 1997.
[2] S. Burt, "Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential
applications in foods—a review," International journal of food
microbiology, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 223-253, 2004.
[3] M. Wink, "Evolution of secondary metabolites from an ecological and
molecular phylogenetic perspective," Phytochemistry, vol. 64, no. 1, pp.
3--19, 2003.
[4] J. Rios, M. Recio and A. Villar, "Screening methods for natural products
with antimicrobial activity: a review of the literature," Journal of
ethnopharmacology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 127-149, 1988.
[5] A. K. Tyagi, A. Malik, Gottardi and A. K. a. M. A. a. G. Tyagi,
"Essential oil vapour and negative air ions: A novel tool for food
preservation," Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp.
99-113, 2012.
[6] T. Fornari, G. Vicente, E. Vazquez, M. R. Garca-Risco and G. Reglero,
"Isolation of essential oil from different plants and herbs by supercritical
fluid extraction," Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1250, pp. 34-48,
2012.
[7] S. Handa, D. Rakesh and K. Vasisht, Compendium of medicinal and
aromatic plants ASIA, vol. 2, ICS-UNIDO, 2006, pp. 305.
[8] G. Brown and S. Sakkir, "The Vascular Plants of Abu Dhabi Emirate,"
Environmental Research & Wildlife Development Agency, 2004.
[9] MIC, United Arab Emirates Yearbook, Trident Press, 2006.
[10] FAO, "Irrigation in the near east region in figures," Natural Resources
Management and Environment Department, Rome, 1997.
[11] MEW, "Agriculture Information Center," Dubai, 2005.
[12] A. A. Murad, H. Al Nuaimi and M. Al Hammadi, "Comprehensive
Assessment of Water Resources in the United Arab Emirates (UAE),"
Water Resources Management, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1449-1463 , 2007.
[13] EAD, "Abu Dhabi water resources master plan," Abu Dhabi, 2009.
[14] S. M. Shahin and M. A. M. Salem, "The cost of landscaping beauty in
the United Arab Emirates (UAE): Call for quick actions to save the
irrigation resources," in Proceedings of ICMTSET 2014, Dubai, 2014.
[15] A. M. O. Mohamed and S. M. Shahin, "Impact of soil magnetic
properties on moisture content prediction using TDR," ASTM
geotechnical testing journal, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 273-278, 2011.
[16] S. M. Shahin, H. Ghamlouche and A. O. Mohammed, "Dependency of
Dielectric Permittivity on Iron and Iron-bearing Minerals Content in
Soil," in Proceedings of the Tenth UAE University Annual Conference ,
Al Ain, 2009.
[17] S. M. Shahin and M. A. M. Salem, "The lifeline rescuers of tomorrow's
landscaping in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): All the hope rests on
the indigenous plants," in Proceedings of ICMTSET 2014, Dubai, 2014.
[18] B. Boer and A. S. Chaudhary, "New records for the flora of the United
Arab Emirates," in Willdenowia-Annals of the Botanic Garden and
Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, vol. 29, Botanic Garden and
Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, 1999, pp. 159-165.
[19] A. Amin and M. Mousa, "Merits of anti-cancer plants from the Arabian
Gulf region," Cancer therapy, vol. 5, pp. 55-66, 2007.
[20] S. Sabitha, K. Maher and M. Mohamed, "Medicinal plants diversity and
their conservation status in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)," Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1304-13, 2012.
[21] M. Al Yousuf, A. K. Bashir, A. Dobos, K. Veres and G. Nagy, "The
composition of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum from the
United Arab Emirates," Journal of Essential Oil Research, vol. 14, no. 1,
pp. 47-48, 2002.
[22] M. Q. Samejo, S. Memon, M. I. Bhanger and K. M. Khan, "Chemical
compositions of the essential oil of Aerva javanica leaves and stems,"
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry, vol. 13, pp.
48-52, 2012.
[23] A. R. Western, The flora of the United Arab Emirates: an introduction,
vol. 2, Al Ain: United Arab Emirates University, 1989.
[24] A. H. Al-Marzouqi, M. V. Rao and B. Jobe, "Comparative evaluation of
SFE and steam distillation methods on the yield and composition of
essential oil extracted from spearmint (Mentha spicata)," Journal of
liquid chromatography & related technologies, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 463-
475, 2007.
[25] M. O. Fatope, R. G. Marwah, N. M. Al Hadhrami, A. K. Onifade and J.
R. Williams, "Identification of the Chemotypes of Ocimum forskolei and
Ocimum basilicum by NMR Spectroscopy," Chemistry and biodiversity,
pp. 2457-2463, 2008.
[26] K. Javidnia, R. Miri and A. Jamalian, "Composition of the essential oil
of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. from Iran," Flavour and fragrance journal,
vol. 20, pp. 542-543, 2005.
[27] S. A. Basif, "Chemical Constituents of Salvia aegyptiaca," Science, vol.
16, no. 1, pp. 33-39, 2004.
[28] A. Sonboli, A. Fakhari and F. Sefidkon, "Chemical composition of the
essential oil of Salvia macilenta from Iran," Chemistry of natural
compounds, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 1-168, 2005.
[29] M. S. Sourmaghi, G. Amin and Znas, "Chemical Composition and
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Salvia spinosa L.," Asian
Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 654-656, 2006.
[30] T. A. Aburjai, M. A. Hudaib and V. Cavrin, "Composition of the
Essential Oil from Jordanian Germander (Teucrium polium L.)," Journal
of Essential Oil Research, vol. 18, pp. 97-99, 2006.
[31] K. Keefover-Ring, J. D. Thompson and Y. B. Linhart, "Beyond six
scents: defining a seventh Thymus vulgaris chemotype new to southern
France by ethanol extraction," Flavour and fragrance journal, vol. 24,
no. 3, pp. 117-122, 2009.
[32] S. M. Pourmortazavi and S. S. Hajimirsadeghi, "Supercritical fluid
extraction in plant essential and volatile oil analysis," Journal of
chromatography, vol. 1163, no. 1, pp. 2-24, 2007.
[33] N. Bouhouche and T. Ksiksi, "Micropropagation of Teucrium
stocksianum and Caralluma arabica: two endangered medicinal plants,"
Revue des regions arides, vol. 2, pp. 826-831, 2007.
[34] H. Ebrahimzadeha, Y. Yaminib, F. Sefidkonc, M. Chaloosid and S. M.
Pourmortazavib, "Chemical composition of the essential oil and
supercritical CO2 extracts of Zataria multiflora Boiss," Food chemistry,
vol. 83, pp. 357-361, 2003.
[35] Najaran, "Review of the Essential Oil Composition of Iranian
Lamiaceae," Journal of Essential Oil Research, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 35-74,
2011.
[36] K. Vagionas, O. Ngassapa, D. Runyoro, K. Graikou, O. Gortzi and I.
Chinou, "Chemical analysis of edible aromatic plants growing in
Tanzania," Food chemistry, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 1711-1717, 2007.
[37] A. C. Jaleel, P. Manivannan, A. Kishorekumar, B. Sankar, R. Gopi, R.
Somasundaram and R. Panneerselvam, "Alterations in osmoregulation,
antioxidant enzymes and indole alkaloid levels in Catharanthus roseus
exposed to water deficit," Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol.
59, pp. 150-157, 2007.
[38] A. C. Jaleel, P. Manivannan, B. Sankar, A. Kishorekumar, R. Gopi, R.
Somasundaram and R. Panneerselvam, "Induction of drought stress
tolerance by ketoconazole in Catharanthus roseus is mediated by
enhanced antioxidant potentials and secondary metabolite
accumulation," Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 60, no. 2, pp.
201-206, 2007.
[39] S. Sakkir, J. N. Shah, A. J. Cheruth and M. Kabshawi, "Phenology of
desert plants from an arid gravel plain in eastern United Arab Emirates,"
Journal of Arid Land, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 54-62, 2015.
[40] M. A. Salem, W. Al-Zayadneh, H. F. Schulze, and A. J. Cheruth, "Effect
of nano-hydrophobic sand layer in datepalm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
cultivation in aridlands," Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment,
vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 591-595, 2013.
[41] S. M. Shahin and M. A. Salem, "The five key solutions to rescue the
landscaping sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)," Discovery
Publication, vol. 25, no. 88, pp. 41-47, 2014, ISSN 2278-5469, EISSN
2278-5450.
[42] S. Gairola, T. Mahmoud, A. Bhatt and A. El-Keblawy, "Importance of
seed banking and herbarium collections in biodiversity conservation and
research: a new initiative in the United Arab Emirates," Current Science,
vol. 105, pp. 1048-1050.2013 .
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:68526", author = "Suzan M. Shahin and Mohammed A. Salem", title = "Extracting Therapeutic Grade Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Plant Family in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): Highlights on Great Possibilities and Sever Difficulties", abstract = "Essential oils are expensive phytochemicals produced
and extracted from specific species belonging to particular families in
the plant kingdom. In the United Arab Emirates country (UAE), is
located in the arid region of the world, nine species, from the
Lamiaceae family, having the capability to produce therapeutic grade
essential oils. These species include; Mentha spicata, Ocimum
forskolei, Salvia macrosiphon, Salvia aegyptiaca, Salvia macilenta,
Salvia spinosa, Teucrium polium, Teucrium stocksianum and Zataria
multiflora. Although, such potential species are indigenous to the
UAE, however, there are almost no studies available to investigate
the chemical composition and the quality of the extracted essential
oils under the UAE climatological conditions. Therefore, great
attention has to be given to such valuable natural resources, through
conducting highly supported research projects, tailored to the UAE
conditions, and investigating different extraction techniques,
including the application of the latest available technologies, such as
superficial fluid CO2. This is crucially needed; in order to accomplish
the greatest possibilities in the medicinal field, specifically in the
discovery of new therapeutic chemotypes, as well as, to achieve the
sustainability of this natural resource in the country.
", keywords = "Essential oils, extraction techniques, Lamiaceae,
traditional medicine, United Arab Emirates (UAE).", volume = "8", number = "12", pages = "1380-6", }
