Dissolution of Zeolite as a Sorbent in Flue Gas Desulphurization Process Using a pH Stat Apparatus
Sulphur dioxide is a harmful gaseous product that
needs to be minimized in the atmosphere. This research work
investigates the use of zeolite as a possible additive that can improve
the sulphur dioxide capture in wet flue gas desulphurisation
dissolution process. This work determines the effect of temperature,
solid to liquid ratio, acid concentration and stirring speed on the
leaching of zeolite using a pH stat apparatus. The atomic absorption
spectrometer was used to measure the calcium ions from the solution.
It was found that the dissolution rate of zeolite decreased with
increase in solid to liquid ratio and increases with increase in
temperature, stirring speed and acid concentration. The activation
energy for the dissolution rate of zeolite in hydrochloric acid was
found to be 9.29kJ/mol. and therefore the product layer diffusion was
the rate limiting step.
[1] Z. Klimont, S. J. Smith and J. Cofala, "The last decade of global
anthropogenic sulfur dioxide: 2000–2011 emissions”, Environmental
Research Letters, 2013, vol. 14, pp. 1-3.
[2] D. Kunkel, H. Tost and M. Lawrence, "Impact of anthropogenic
emissions from major population centers on global and regional aerosol
budgets”, .EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2013, vol.
7083.
[3] National Environmental Management, South Africa, Air and Quality
Act, Act No. 30 of 2004, 2005.
[4] C. You and Y. Li, "Desulfurization Characteristics of Rapidly Hydrated
Sorbents with Various Adhesive Carrier Particles for a Semidry CFBFGD
System”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, vol. 47, pp. 2754-2759.
[5] H. Song and J. Park, "Improvement of SO2 removal by the solubility
change of Ca (OH)2 in the spray dryer system” ,Environ. Technol., 2001,
vol. 22, pp. 1001-1006.
[6] H. Rutto and C. Enweremadu, "A study on dissolution of a South
African calcium based material in acetic acid solution for flue gas
desulphurization”, Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE)
International Conference. 2011, pp. 5701-5705.
[7] S. Shih, J. Lin and G. Shiau, "Dissolution rates of limestones of
different sources”, J. Hazard. Mater., 2000, vol.79, pp.159-171.
[8] Z. Siagi and M. Mbarawa., "Dissolution rate of South African calciumbased
materials at constant pH”, J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, vol.163,
pp.678-682.
[9] H. Rutto and C. Enweremadu., "The dissolution study of a South
African magnesium-based material from different sources using a pHstat’,
Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 2011, vol.
17, pp.459-468.
[10] N. Karatepe, A. Mericboyu and S. Küçükbayrak, "Effect of Hydration
Conditions on the Physical Properties of Fly Ash-Ca (OH)2 Sorbents”
,Energy Source. 1998, vol.20, pp. 505-511.
[11] A. Garea, I. Fernandez, J. Viguri, M. Ortiz, J. Fernandez, M. Renedo and
J. Irabien, "Fly-ash/calcium hydroxide mixtures for SO2 removal:
structural properties and maximum yield”, Chem. Eng. J., 1997, vol.66,
pp. 171-179.
[12] C. Jorgensen, J.C.S. Chang and T.G. Brna, "Evaluation of sorbents and
additives for dry SO2 removal”, Environmental Progress. 198, vol.6, pp.
26–32.
[13] N. Karatepe, N. Erdog˘an, A.E. Meriçboyu, S. Küçükbayrak,
"Preparation of diatomite/Ca(OH)2 sorbents and modelling their
sulphation reaction”, Chemical Engineering Science. 2004, vol. 59, pp.
3883-3889.
[14] S.A. Abdulkareen, E. Muzenda, A.S. Afolabi , J. Kabuba, " Treatment of
clinoptilolite as an Adsorbent for the Removal of copper Ion from
Synthetic Wastewater solution”, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 2013, vol. 38, pp.
2263-2272.
[15] J.D. Gilchrist, Extraction Metallurgy, Pergamon Press.1989
[16] B.B. Mamba, D.W. Nyembe and A.F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi, "The effect
of conditioning with NaCl, KCl and HCl on the performance of natural
clinoptilolite’s removal efficiency of Cu2+ and Co2+ Synthetic solution”,
Water SA., 2009, vol. 36, pp. 437-444.
[17] K.T. Lee, M.A. Mothar, N.F. Zainudin, S. Bhatia and A.R. Mohamed,
"Optimum conditions for the preparation of flue gas desulphurization
sorbent from rice husk ash”, 2004, vol.84, pp. 143-151.
[18] E.M. Van der Merwe and C. Strydom, "Hydration of medium reactive
magnesium oxide using hydration agents”, Journal of Thermal Analysis
and Calorimetry. 2006, vol. 84, pp. 467-471.
[19] Z. I. Zafar. “Determination of semi empirical kinetic model for
dissolution of bauxite ore with sulfuric acid: Parametric cumulative
effect on the Arrhenius parameters”, Chem. Eng. J., 2008, vol.141,
pp.233-241.
[1] Z. Klimont, S. J. Smith and J. Cofala, "The last decade of global
anthropogenic sulfur dioxide: 2000–2011 emissions”, Environmental
Research Letters, 2013, vol. 14, pp. 1-3.
[2] D. Kunkel, H. Tost and M. Lawrence, "Impact of anthropogenic
emissions from major population centers on global and regional aerosol
budgets”, .EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2013, vol.
7083.
[3] National Environmental Management, South Africa, Air and Quality
Act, Act No. 30 of 2004, 2005.
[4] C. You and Y. Li, "Desulfurization Characteristics of Rapidly Hydrated
Sorbents with Various Adhesive Carrier Particles for a Semidry CFBFGD
System”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, vol. 47, pp. 2754-2759.
[5] H. Song and J. Park, "Improvement of SO2 removal by the solubility
change of Ca (OH)2 in the spray dryer system” ,Environ. Technol., 2001,
vol. 22, pp. 1001-1006.
[6] H. Rutto and C. Enweremadu, "A study on dissolution of a South
African calcium based material in acetic acid solution for flue gas
desulphurization”, Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE)
International Conference. 2011, pp. 5701-5705.
[7] S. Shih, J. Lin and G. Shiau, "Dissolution rates of limestones of
different sources”, J. Hazard. Mater., 2000, vol.79, pp.159-171.
[8] Z. Siagi and M. Mbarawa., "Dissolution rate of South African calciumbased
materials at constant pH”, J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, vol.163,
pp.678-682.
[9] H. Rutto and C. Enweremadu., "The dissolution study of a South
African magnesium-based material from different sources using a pHstat’,
Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 2011, vol.
17, pp.459-468.
[10] N. Karatepe, A. Mericboyu and S. Küçükbayrak, "Effect of Hydration
Conditions on the Physical Properties of Fly Ash-Ca (OH)2 Sorbents”
,Energy Source. 1998, vol.20, pp. 505-511.
[11] A. Garea, I. Fernandez, J. Viguri, M. Ortiz, J. Fernandez, M. Renedo and
J. Irabien, "Fly-ash/calcium hydroxide mixtures for SO2 removal:
structural properties and maximum yield”, Chem. Eng. J., 1997, vol.66,
pp. 171-179.
[12] C. Jorgensen, J.C.S. Chang and T.G. Brna, "Evaluation of sorbents and
additives for dry SO2 removal”, Environmental Progress. 198, vol.6, pp.
26–32.
[13] N. Karatepe, N. Erdog˘an, A.E. Meriçboyu, S. Küçükbayrak,
"Preparation of diatomite/Ca(OH)2 sorbents and modelling their
sulphation reaction”, Chemical Engineering Science. 2004, vol. 59, pp.
3883-3889.
[14] S.A. Abdulkareen, E. Muzenda, A.S. Afolabi , J. Kabuba, " Treatment of
clinoptilolite as an Adsorbent for the Removal of copper Ion from
Synthetic Wastewater solution”, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 2013, vol. 38, pp.
2263-2272.
[15] J.D. Gilchrist, Extraction Metallurgy, Pergamon Press.1989
[16] B.B. Mamba, D.W. Nyembe and A.F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi, "The effect
of conditioning with NaCl, KCl and HCl on the performance of natural
clinoptilolite’s removal efficiency of Cu2+ and Co2+ Synthetic solution”,
Water SA., 2009, vol. 36, pp. 437-444.
[17] K.T. Lee, M.A. Mothar, N.F. Zainudin, S. Bhatia and A.R. Mohamed,
"Optimum conditions for the preparation of flue gas desulphurization
sorbent from rice husk ash”, 2004, vol.84, pp. 143-151.
[18] E.M. Van der Merwe and C. Strydom, "Hydration of medium reactive
magnesium oxide using hydration agents”, Journal of Thermal Analysis
and Calorimetry. 2006, vol. 84, pp. 467-471.
[19] Z. I. Zafar. “Determination of semi empirical kinetic model for
dissolution of bauxite ore with sulfuric acid: Parametric cumulative
effect on the Arrhenius parameters”, Chem. Eng. J., 2008, vol.141,
pp.233-241.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:51262", author = "Hilary Rutto and John Kabuba", title = "Dissolution of Zeolite as a Sorbent in Flue Gas Desulphurization Process Using a pH Stat Apparatus", abstract = "Sulphur dioxide is a harmful gaseous product that
needs to be minimized in the atmosphere. This research work
investigates the use of zeolite as a possible additive that can improve
the sulphur dioxide capture in wet flue gas desulphurisation
dissolution process. This work determines the effect of temperature,
solid to liquid ratio, acid concentration and stirring speed on the
leaching of zeolite using a pH stat apparatus. The atomic absorption
spectrometer was used to measure the calcium ions from the solution.
It was found that the dissolution rate of zeolite decreased with
increase in solid to liquid ratio and increases with increase in
temperature, stirring speed and acid concentration. The activation
energy for the dissolution rate of zeolite in hydrochloric acid was
found to be 9.29kJ/mol. and therefore the product layer diffusion was
the rate limiting step.
", keywords = "Calcium ion, pH stat apparatus, wet flue gas
desulphurization, zeolite.", volume = "8", number = "8", pages = "755-4", }
