Automated Optic Disc Detection in Retinal Images of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Risk of Macular Edema
In this paper, a new automated methodology to detect the optic disc (OD) automatically in retinal images from patients with risk of being affected by Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Macular Edema (ME) is presented. The detection procedure comprises two independent methodologies. On one hand, a location methodology obtains a pixel that belongs to the OD using image contrast analysis and structure filtering techniques and, on the other hand, a boundary segmentation methodology estimates a circular approximation of the OD boundary by applying mathematical morphology, edge detection techniques and the Circular Hough Transform. The methodologies were tested on a set of 1200 images composed of 229 retinographies from patients affected by DR with risk of ME, 431 with DR and no risk of ME and 540 images of healthy retinas. The location methodology obtained 98.83% success rate, whereas the OD boundary segmentation methodology obtained good circular OD boundary approximation in 94.58% of cases. The average computational time measured over the total set was 1.67 seconds for OD location and 5.78 seconds for OD boundary segmentation.
[1] H. R. Taylor and J. E. Keeffe, "World blindness: a 21st century
perspective," Br. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 85, pp. 261-266, 2001.
[2] S. Wild, G. Roglic, A. Green, R. Sicree, and H. King, "Global prevalence
of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030,"
Diabetes Care, vol. 27, pp. 1047-1053, 2004.
[3] D. S. Fong, L. Aiello, T. W. Gardner, G. L. King, G. Blankenship, J. D.
Cavallerano, F. L. Ferris, and R. Klein, "Diabetic retinopathy," Diabetes
Care, vol. 26, pp. 226-229, 2003.
[4] A. Singalavanija, J. Supokavej, P. Bamroongsuk, C. Sinthanayothin,
S. Phoojaruenchanachai, and V. Kongbunkiat, "Feasibility study on
computer-aided screening for diabetic retinopathy," Jpn. J. Ophthalmol.,
vol. 50, pp. 361-366, 2006.
[5] N. Patton, T. M. Aslam, T. MacGillivray, I. J.Deary, B. Dhillon, R. H.
Eikelboom, K. Yogesan, and I. J. Constable, "Retinal image analysis:
concepts, applications and potential," Prog. Retin. Eye Res., vol. 25, pp.
99-127, 2006.
[6] C. Sinthanayothin, J. F. Boyce, H. L. Cook, and T. Williamson, "Automated
localisation of the optic disc, fovea, and retinal blood vessels from
digital colour fundus images," Br. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 83, pp. 902-910,
1999.
[7] H. Li and O. Chutatape, "Automatic location of optic disc in retinal
images," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Proc., 2001, pp. 837-840.
[8] L. Gagnon, M. Lalonde, M. Beaulieu, and M. -C. Boucher, "Procedure
to detect anatomical structures in optical fundus images," in Proc. Conf.
Med. Imag. 2001: Image Process., San Diego, 2001, pp. 1218-1225.
[9] A. Osareh, M. Mirmehdi, B. Thomas, and R. Markham, "Automated
identification of diabetic retinal exudates in digital colour images," Br.
J. Ophthalmol., vol. 87, pp. 1220-1223, 2003.
[10] H. A. Quigley and A. T. Broman, "The number of people with glaucoma
worldwide in 2010 and 2020," Br. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 90, pp. 262-267,
2006.
[11] H. Li and O. Chutatape, "A model-based approach for automated feature
extraction in fundus images," in 9th IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision
(ICCV-03), 2003, vol. 1, pp. 394-399.
[12] P. Massin, K. Angioi-Duprez, F. Bacin, B. Cathelineau, G. Cathelineau,
G. Chaine, G. Coscas, J. Flament, J. Sahel, P. Turut, P. J. Guillausseau,
and A. Gaudric, "Recommandations de l-ALFEDIAM pour le d'epistage
et la surveillance de la r'etinopathie diab'etique," Diabetes Metab., vol.
22, pp. 203-209, 1996.
[13] P. Massin, K. Angioi-Duprez, F. Bacin, B. Cathelineau, G. Cathelineau,
G. Chaine, G. Coscas, J. Flament, J. Sahel, P. Turut, P. J. Guillausseau,
and A. Gaudric, "Recommandations de lALFEDIAM pour le d'epistage
et la surveillance de la r'etinopathie diab'etique," J. Fr. Ophtalmol., vol.
20, pp. 302-310, 1997.
[14] Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group , "Grading
diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographsan
extension of the Modified Airlie House classification: ETDRS report
number 10," Ophthalmology, vol. 98, pp. 786-806, 1991.
[15] T. Walter and J. C. Klein, "Automatic analysis of color fundus photographs
and its application to the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy," in
Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis, vol. 2, pp. 315-368, 2005.
[16] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, "Morphological Image Processing,"
in Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, pp. 577-581, 2002.
[17] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, "Image Segmentation," in Digital
Image Processing, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, pp. 577-581, 2002.
[18] N. Otsu, "A threshold selection method from gray-scale histogram,"
IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., vol. 8, pp. 62-66, 1978.
[19] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, "Morphological Image Processing,"
in Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, pp. 525, 2002.
[20] P. V.C. Hough, Methods and Means for Recognizing Complex Patterns,
US Patent 3 069 654, Dec. 1962.
[21] A. A.H.A.R. Youssif, A. Z. Ghalwash, and A. R Ghoneim, "Optic disc
detection from normalized digital fundus images by means of a vessels-
direction matched filter," IEEE Trans. Med. Imag, vol. 27, pp. 11-18,
2008.
[22] A. Osareh, M. Mirmehdi, B. Thomas, and R. Markham, "Comparison
of colour spaces for optic disc localisation in retinal images," in 16th
Int. Conf. Pattern Recognition, 2002, pp. 743-746.
[23] J. Lowell, A. Hunter, D. Steel, A. Basu, R. Ryder, E. Fletcher, and
L. Kennedy, "Optic nerve head segmentation," IEEE Trans. Med. Imag.,
vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 256-264, 2004.
[24] C. Stellingwerf, P. Hardus, and J. Hooymans, "Assessing diabetic
retinopathy using two-field digital photography and the influence of
JPEG-compression," Doc. Ophthalmol., vol. 108, pp. 203-209, 2004.
[25] A. Basu, A. D. Kamal, W. Illahi, M. Khan, P. Stavrou, and R. E. J. Ryder,
"Is digital image compression acceptable within diabetic retinopathy
screening?," Diabet. Med., vol. 20, pp. 766-771, 2003.
[1] H. R. Taylor and J. E. Keeffe, "World blindness: a 21st century
perspective," Br. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 85, pp. 261-266, 2001.
[2] S. Wild, G. Roglic, A. Green, R. Sicree, and H. King, "Global prevalence
of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030,"
Diabetes Care, vol. 27, pp. 1047-1053, 2004.
[3] D. S. Fong, L. Aiello, T. W. Gardner, G. L. King, G. Blankenship, J. D.
Cavallerano, F. L. Ferris, and R. Klein, "Diabetic retinopathy," Diabetes
Care, vol. 26, pp. 226-229, 2003.
[4] A. Singalavanija, J. Supokavej, P. Bamroongsuk, C. Sinthanayothin,
S. Phoojaruenchanachai, and V. Kongbunkiat, "Feasibility study on
computer-aided screening for diabetic retinopathy," Jpn. J. Ophthalmol.,
vol. 50, pp. 361-366, 2006.
[5] N. Patton, T. M. Aslam, T. MacGillivray, I. J.Deary, B. Dhillon, R. H.
Eikelboom, K. Yogesan, and I. J. Constable, "Retinal image analysis:
concepts, applications and potential," Prog. Retin. Eye Res., vol. 25, pp.
99-127, 2006.
[6] C. Sinthanayothin, J. F. Boyce, H. L. Cook, and T. Williamson, "Automated
localisation of the optic disc, fovea, and retinal blood vessels from
digital colour fundus images," Br. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 83, pp. 902-910,
1999.
[7] H. Li and O. Chutatape, "Automatic location of optic disc in retinal
images," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Proc., 2001, pp. 837-840.
[8] L. Gagnon, M. Lalonde, M. Beaulieu, and M. -C. Boucher, "Procedure
to detect anatomical structures in optical fundus images," in Proc. Conf.
Med. Imag. 2001: Image Process., San Diego, 2001, pp. 1218-1225.
[9] A. Osareh, M. Mirmehdi, B. Thomas, and R. Markham, "Automated
identification of diabetic retinal exudates in digital colour images," Br.
J. Ophthalmol., vol. 87, pp. 1220-1223, 2003.
[10] H. A. Quigley and A. T. Broman, "The number of people with glaucoma
worldwide in 2010 and 2020," Br. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 90, pp. 262-267,
2006.
[11] H. Li and O. Chutatape, "A model-based approach for automated feature
extraction in fundus images," in 9th IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision
(ICCV-03), 2003, vol. 1, pp. 394-399.
[12] P. Massin, K. Angioi-Duprez, F. Bacin, B. Cathelineau, G. Cathelineau,
G. Chaine, G. Coscas, J. Flament, J. Sahel, P. Turut, P. J. Guillausseau,
and A. Gaudric, "Recommandations de l-ALFEDIAM pour le d'epistage
et la surveillance de la r'etinopathie diab'etique," Diabetes Metab., vol.
22, pp. 203-209, 1996.
[13] P. Massin, K. Angioi-Duprez, F. Bacin, B. Cathelineau, G. Cathelineau,
G. Chaine, G. Coscas, J. Flament, J. Sahel, P. Turut, P. J. Guillausseau,
and A. Gaudric, "Recommandations de lALFEDIAM pour le d'epistage
et la surveillance de la r'etinopathie diab'etique," J. Fr. Ophtalmol., vol.
20, pp. 302-310, 1997.
[14] Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group , "Grading
diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographsan
extension of the Modified Airlie House classification: ETDRS report
number 10," Ophthalmology, vol. 98, pp. 786-806, 1991.
[15] T. Walter and J. C. Klein, "Automatic analysis of color fundus photographs
and its application to the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy," in
Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis, vol. 2, pp. 315-368, 2005.
[16] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, "Morphological Image Processing,"
in Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, pp. 577-581, 2002.
[17] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, "Image Segmentation," in Digital
Image Processing, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, pp. 577-581, 2002.
[18] N. Otsu, "A threshold selection method from gray-scale histogram,"
IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., vol. 8, pp. 62-66, 1978.
[19] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, "Morphological Image Processing,"
in Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, pp. 525, 2002.
[20] P. V.C. Hough, Methods and Means for Recognizing Complex Patterns,
US Patent 3 069 654, Dec. 1962.
[21] A. A.H.A.R. Youssif, A. Z. Ghalwash, and A. R Ghoneim, "Optic disc
detection from normalized digital fundus images by means of a vessels-
direction matched filter," IEEE Trans. Med. Imag, vol. 27, pp. 11-18,
2008.
[22] A. Osareh, M. Mirmehdi, B. Thomas, and R. Markham, "Comparison
of colour spaces for optic disc localisation in retinal images," in 16th
Int. Conf. Pattern Recognition, 2002, pp. 743-746.
[23] J. Lowell, A. Hunter, D. Steel, A. Basu, R. Ryder, E. Fletcher, and
L. Kennedy, "Optic nerve head segmentation," IEEE Trans. Med. Imag.,
vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 256-264, 2004.
[24] C. Stellingwerf, P. Hardus, and J. Hooymans, "Assessing diabetic
retinopathy using two-field digital photography and the influence of
JPEG-compression," Doc. Ophthalmol., vol. 108, pp. 203-209, 2004.
[25] A. Basu, A. D. Kamal, W. Illahi, M. Khan, P. Stavrou, and R. E. J. Ryder,
"Is digital image compression acceptable within diabetic retinopathy
screening?," Diabet. Med., vol. 20, pp. 766-771, 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:64479", author = "Arturo Aquino and Manuel Emilio Gegundez and Diego Marin", title = "Automated Optic Disc Detection in Retinal Images of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Risk of Macular Edema", abstract = "In this paper, a new automated methodology to detect the optic disc (OD) automatically in retinal images from patients with risk of being affected by Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Macular Edema (ME) is presented. The detection procedure comprises two independent methodologies. On one hand, a location methodology obtains a pixel that belongs to the OD using image contrast analysis and structure filtering techniques and, on the other hand, a boundary segmentation methodology estimates a circular approximation of the OD boundary by applying mathematical morphology, edge detection techniques and the Circular Hough Transform. The methodologies were tested on a set of 1200 images composed of 229 retinographies from patients affected by DR with risk of ME, 431 with DR and no risk of ME and 540 images of healthy retinas. The location methodology obtained 98.83% success rate, whereas the OD boundary segmentation methodology obtained good circular OD boundary approximation in 94.58% of cases. The average computational time measured over the total set was 1.67 seconds for OD location and 5.78 seconds for OD boundary segmentation.
", keywords = "Diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, optic disc, automated detection, automated segmentation.", volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "377-6", }
