Assessment of Sediment Quality According To Heavy Metal Status in the West Port of Malaysia
Eight heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni and As) were analyzed in sediment samples in the dry and wet seasons from November 2009 to October 2010 in West Port of Peninsular Malaysia. The heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) were ranged from 23.4 to 98.3 for Zn, 22.3 to 80 for Pb, 7.4 to 27.6 Cu, 0.244 to 3.53 for Cd, 7.2 to 22.2 for Ni, 20.2 to 162 for As, 0.11 to 0.409 for Hg and 11.5 to 61.5 for Cr. Metals concentrations in dry season were higher than the rainy season except in cupper and chromium. Analysis of variance with Statistical Analysis System (SAS) shows that the mean concentration of metals in the two seasons (α level=0.05) are not significantly different which shows that the metals were held firmly in the matrix of sediment. Also there are significant differences between control point station with other stations. According to the Interim Sediment Quality guidelines (ISQG), the metal concentrations are moderately polluted, except in arsenic which shows the highest level of pollution.
[1] Loska, K. and D. Wiechuła, 2003. Application of principal component
analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in
surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir. Chemosphere, 51: 723-
733. DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00187-5.
[2] Farkas, A., E. Claudio and V. Luigi, 2007. Assessment of the
environmental significance of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the
River Po. Chemosphere, 68: 761-768. DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.099.
[3] Karbassi, A.R., Saeedi, M. and Amirnejad R.,, 2008, Historical changes
of heavy metals content and sequential extraction in a sediment core
from the Gorgan Bay, Southeastern Caspian Sea, Indian Journal of
Marine Sciences, 37(3), 267-272.
[4] Mohsen Saeedi, Majid Hosseinzadeh and Maryam Rajabzadeh, 2010,
Competitive heavy metals adsorption on natural bed sediments of
Jajrood River, Iran, Environmental Earth Sciences, Online published,
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-010-0544-0.
[5] Vallius, H., Leivouri, M., (2003). Classification of Heavy Metal
Contaminated Sediments of the Gulf of Finland. Baltica., 16: 3-12.
[6] Chong, V.C., Sasekumar, A., Leh,M.U.C. and D-Cruz,R.,1990. The fish
and prawn communities of a Malaysian coastal mangrove system. With
comparisons to adjacent mudflats and inshore waters. Est Coasta Shelf
Science 31:703-722.
[7] EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 1997. Toxicological
Benchmarks for Screening Contaminants of Potential Concern for
Effects on Sediment-Associated Biota, Report of the Sediment Criteria
Subcommittee, Science Advisory Board. ES/ER/TM-95/R4.
[8] ElNemar, A., Khaled,A., Sikaily,A.E.,(2006). Distribution and Statistical
Analysis of Leachable and total Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the
Suez Gulf. Environ.Monit.Assess.118: 89-112.
[9] van Valine, S.P. and B.J. Morse, 1982. Techniques in soil analysis. In
Procedures of Soil Analysis, ed., van Reeuwijk, L. P., Oxford: Blackwell
Scientific Publications.
[10] Turekian, K. K., Wedepohl, K. H. 1961. Distribution of the elements in
some major units of the Earth-s crust. - Bull. Geol. Soc. America, 72, 2;
175ÔÇö192.
[11] Wisconsing Department of Natural Resources. (2003). Cncensus based
sediment quality guideline. Recommendation for use and application.
Department of interior, Washington D.C.20240 PP 17.
[12] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of
Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources. (1993). Technical Guidance for
Screening Contaminated Sediments. Pekey.
[13] Washington Department of Ecology, (1995). Sediment Management
Standards. Chapter 173204, Washington Administrative Code, amended
December, 1995. In Long E. R., MacDonald, D. D., (1998).
Recommended Uses of Empirically Derived, Sediment Quality
Guidelines for Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems. HERA., 4: 1019-1039.
[14] Peddicord, R.K, C.R. Lee, and R.M Engler. 1998. Use of sediment
quality Guideline (SQG) in dredged material management. Dredge
Research Technical Note EEDP-04-29. Long-Term Effects of Dredging
Operations Program. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, MS.
[15] U.S. EPA. 1991. Sediment quality guidelines. Draft report. EPA Region
V Chicago IL.
[16] Weng, H., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Wu, N., (2003). The stability of the
relative content ratios of Cu, Pb and Zn in soils and sediments. Environ.
Geo., 45: 79-85.
[17] Wang, X., Qin, Y., (2006). Spatial Distribution of Metals in Urban
Topsoils of Xuzhou (China): Controlling Factors and Environmental
Implications. Environ. Geol., 49: 905-914.
[18] Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council
(ANZECC), Agriculture and Resource Management Council of
Australia and New Zealand, (1999). In: Preda, M., Cox, M. E., (2002).
Trace Metal Occurrence and Distribution in Sediments and Mangroves,
Pumicestone Region, Southeast Quuensland, Austalia. Environ. Int., 28:
433-449.
[19] Parizanganeh, A., Lakhan, V. C., Jalalian, H., (2007). A geochemical
and statistical approach for assessing heavy metal pollution in sediments
from the southern Caspian coast. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (3): 351-
358.
[20] Mohd Noor Rahman. 1989. Pencemaran Logam-Logam berat di
beberapa ekosistem muara sungai terpilih di Semenanjung Malaysia
MSc.Thsesis, University Kebangsaan Malaysia.
[21] Birch, G. F., Taylor, S. E., (1999). Source of Heavy Metals in Sediments
of the Port Jackson Estuary, Australia. Sci. Total Environ., 227: 123138.
[1] Loska, K. and D. Wiechuła, 2003. Application of principal component
analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in
surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir. Chemosphere, 51: 723-
733. DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00187-5.
[2] Farkas, A., E. Claudio and V. Luigi, 2007. Assessment of the
environmental significance of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the
River Po. Chemosphere, 68: 761-768. DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.099.
[3] Karbassi, A.R., Saeedi, M. and Amirnejad R.,, 2008, Historical changes
of heavy metals content and sequential extraction in a sediment core
from the Gorgan Bay, Southeastern Caspian Sea, Indian Journal of
Marine Sciences, 37(3), 267-272.
[4] Mohsen Saeedi, Majid Hosseinzadeh and Maryam Rajabzadeh, 2010,
Competitive heavy metals adsorption on natural bed sediments of
Jajrood River, Iran, Environmental Earth Sciences, Online published,
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-010-0544-0.
[5] Vallius, H., Leivouri, M., (2003). Classification of Heavy Metal
Contaminated Sediments of the Gulf of Finland. Baltica., 16: 3-12.
[6] Chong, V.C., Sasekumar, A., Leh,M.U.C. and D-Cruz,R.,1990. The fish
and prawn communities of a Malaysian coastal mangrove system. With
comparisons to adjacent mudflats and inshore waters. Est Coasta Shelf
Science 31:703-722.
[7] EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 1997. Toxicological
Benchmarks for Screening Contaminants of Potential Concern for
Effects on Sediment-Associated Biota, Report of the Sediment Criteria
Subcommittee, Science Advisory Board. ES/ER/TM-95/R4.
[8] ElNemar, A., Khaled,A., Sikaily,A.E.,(2006). Distribution and Statistical
Analysis of Leachable and total Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the
Suez Gulf. Environ.Monit.Assess.118: 89-112.
[9] van Valine, S.P. and B.J. Morse, 1982. Techniques in soil analysis. In
Procedures of Soil Analysis, ed., van Reeuwijk, L. P., Oxford: Blackwell
Scientific Publications.
[10] Turekian, K. K., Wedepohl, K. H. 1961. Distribution of the elements in
some major units of the Earth-s crust. - Bull. Geol. Soc. America, 72, 2;
175ÔÇö192.
[11] Wisconsing Department of Natural Resources. (2003). Cncensus based
sediment quality guideline. Recommendation for use and application.
Department of interior, Washington D.C.20240 PP 17.
[12] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of
Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources. (1993). Technical Guidance for
Screening Contaminated Sediments. Pekey.
[13] Washington Department of Ecology, (1995). Sediment Management
Standards. Chapter 173204, Washington Administrative Code, amended
December, 1995. In Long E. R., MacDonald, D. D., (1998).
Recommended Uses of Empirically Derived, Sediment Quality
Guidelines for Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems. HERA., 4: 1019-1039.
[14] Peddicord, R.K, C.R. Lee, and R.M Engler. 1998. Use of sediment
quality Guideline (SQG) in dredged material management. Dredge
Research Technical Note EEDP-04-29. Long-Term Effects of Dredging
Operations Program. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, MS.
[15] U.S. EPA. 1991. Sediment quality guidelines. Draft report. EPA Region
V Chicago IL.
[16] Weng, H., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Wu, N., (2003). The stability of the
relative content ratios of Cu, Pb and Zn in soils and sediments. Environ.
Geo., 45: 79-85.
[17] Wang, X., Qin, Y., (2006). Spatial Distribution of Metals in Urban
Topsoils of Xuzhou (China): Controlling Factors and Environmental
Implications. Environ. Geol., 49: 905-914.
[18] Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council
(ANZECC), Agriculture and Resource Management Council of
Australia and New Zealand, (1999). In: Preda, M., Cox, M. E., (2002).
Trace Metal Occurrence and Distribution in Sediments and Mangroves,
Pumicestone Region, Southeast Quuensland, Austalia. Environ. Int., 28:
433-449.
[19] Parizanganeh, A., Lakhan, V. C., Jalalian, H., (2007). A geochemical
and statistical approach for assessing heavy metal pollution in sediments
from the southern Caspian coast. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (3): 351-
358.
[20] Mohd Noor Rahman. 1989. Pencemaran Logam-Logam berat di
beberapa ekosistem muara sungai terpilih di Semenanjung Malaysia
MSc.Thsesis, University Kebangsaan Malaysia.
[21] Birch, G. F., Taylor, S. E., (1999). Source of Heavy Metals in Sediments
of the Port Jackson Estuary, Australia. Sci. Total Environ., 227: 123138.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:58039", author = "B.Tavakoly Sany and A.H .Sulaiman and GH. Monazami and A. Salleh", title = "Assessment of Sediment Quality According To Heavy Metal Status in the West Port of Malaysia", abstract = "Eight heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni and As) were analyzed in sediment samples in the dry and wet seasons from November 2009 to October 2010 in West Port of Peninsular Malaysia. The heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) were ranged from 23.4 to 98.3 for Zn, 22.3 to 80 for Pb, 7.4 to 27.6 Cu, 0.244 to 3.53 for Cd, 7.2 to 22.2 for Ni, 20.2 to 162 for As, 0.11 to 0.409 for Hg and 11.5 to 61.5 for Cr. Metals concentrations in dry season were higher than the rainy season except in cupper and chromium. Analysis of variance with Statistical Analysis System (SAS) shows that the mean concentration of metals in the two seasons (α level=0.05) are not significantly different which shows that the metals were held firmly in the matrix of sediment. Also there are significant differences between control point station with other stations. According to the Interim Sediment Quality guidelines (ISQG), the metal concentrations are moderately polluted, except in arsenic which shows the highest level of pollution.
", keywords = "Heavy metals, sediment quality guidelines, west port.", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "96-5", }
