An Efficient Energy Adaptive Hybrid Error Correction Technique for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Variable channel conditions in underwater networks,
and variable distances between sensors due to water current, leads to
variable bit error rate (BER). This variability in BER has great
effects on energy efficiency of error correction techniques used. In
this paper an efficient energy adaptive hybrid error correction
technique (AHECT) is proposed. AHECT adaptively changes error
technique from pure retransmission (ARQ) in a low BER case to a
hybrid technique with variable encoding rates (ARQ & FEC) in a
high BER cases. An adaptation algorithm depends on a precalculated
packet acceptance rate (PAR) look-up table, current BER,
packet size and error correction technique used is proposed. Based
on this adaptation algorithm a periodically 3-bit feedback is added to
the acknowledgment packet to state which error correction technique
is suitable for the current channel conditions and distance.
Comparative studies were done between this technique and other
techniques, and the results show that AHECT is more energy
efficient and has high probability of success than all those
techniques.
[1] J. Heidemann, et al, "Research Challenges and Applications for
Underwater Sensor Networking", Proceedings of Wireless
Communications and Networking Conference. 1, 228-235, 2006.
[2] G. John, et al, "Shallow Water Acoustic Networks", Communications
Magazine, IEEE, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 114 - 119, 2001.
[3] I. F. Akyildiz, et al, "Challenges for Efficient Communication in
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks," ACM Sigbed Review, vol. 1,
no. 2, 2004.
[4] P. Xie, et al, "An FEC-based Reliable Data Transport Protocol for
Underwater Sensor Networks," Proceedings of 16th International
Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN07,
pp.747-753, 2007.
[5] I.F. Akyildiz, et al, "State-of-the-Art in Protocol Research for
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks," Proceedings of the16th
international workshop on underwater networks, 2006.
[6] Ammar Elyas Babiker, M. Nordin B. Zakaria, "Energy Efficiency
Analysis of Error Correction Techniques in Underwater Wireless Sensor
Networks". Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (JESTEC),
vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 17-28, 2011.
[7] A. F. Harris, M. Zorzi, "Modeling the underwater acoustic channel in
ns2," Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Performance
evaluation methodologies and tools, Vol. 321, no. 18, 2007.
[8] Y. Labrador, et al, "Modulation and Error Correction in the Underwater
Acoustic Communication Channel," IJCSNS International Journal of
computer Science and Network Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 123-130,
2009.
[9] Y. Sankarasubramaniam, et al, "Energy Efficiency based Packet Size
Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks,". Proceedings of the First
IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and
Applications, 2003.
[10] Z. Tian, et al, "Energy Efficiency Analysis of Error Control Schemes in
Wireless Sensor Networks," Proceedings of International Wireless
Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC '08, pp.
401-405, 2008.
[11] H.-P. Tan, W. K. G. Seah, and L. Doyle, "A multi-hop arq protocol for
Underwater Acoustic Networks ".
[12] J.-W. Lee, J.-P. Kim, J.-H. Lee, Y. Jang, K. C. Dho, K. Son, and H.-S.
Cho, "An improved ARQ scheme in underwater acoustic sensor
networks," in Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans, Kobe, Japan, Apr. 2008, pp.1-5
[13] Mingsheng Gao, Wee-Seng Soh and Meixia Tao, "A Transmission
Scheme for Continuous ARQ Protocols over Underwater Acoustic
Channels," IEEE ICC, Dresden, Germany, Jun. 2009.
[14] Alvin C. Valera, Pius W. Q. Lee, Hwee-Pink Tan, H. G. Liang and
Winston K. G. Seah. Implementation and Evaluation of Multihop ARQ
for Reliable Communications in Underwater Acoustic Networks.
Accepted for publication at IEEE Oceans, May 2009
[15] Zheng Guo , Peng Xie , Jun-Hong Cui , Bing Wang, On applying
network coding to underwater sensor networks, Proceedings of the 1st
ACM international workshop on Underwater networks, September 25-
25, 2006, Los Angeles, CA, USA
[16] L. Bin, et al, "Inter-node Distance-Based Redundancy Reliable
Transport in Underwater Sensor Networks". EURASIP Journal on
Wireless Communications and Networking, Volume 2010, Article ID
358071, 2010.
[17] L. Bin, et al, "A study of forward error correction schemes for reliable
transport in underwater sensor networks," Proceedings of the 5th
Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh
and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON '08). pp. 197-
205, 2008.
[18] G. Begin, et al, "Further Results on High - Rate Puncturing
Convolutional codes for viterbi and sequential decoding," IEEE
transaction on Communications. Vol. 38 , No.11, pp. 1922-1928, 1990.
[1] J. Heidemann, et al, "Research Challenges and Applications for
Underwater Sensor Networking", Proceedings of Wireless
Communications and Networking Conference. 1, 228-235, 2006.
[2] G. John, et al, "Shallow Water Acoustic Networks", Communications
Magazine, IEEE, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 114 - 119, 2001.
[3] I. F. Akyildiz, et al, "Challenges for Efficient Communication in
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks," ACM Sigbed Review, vol. 1,
no. 2, 2004.
[4] P. Xie, et al, "An FEC-based Reliable Data Transport Protocol for
Underwater Sensor Networks," Proceedings of 16th International
Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN07,
pp.747-753, 2007.
[5] I.F. Akyildiz, et al, "State-of-the-Art in Protocol Research for
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks," Proceedings of the16th
international workshop on underwater networks, 2006.
[6] Ammar Elyas Babiker, M. Nordin B. Zakaria, "Energy Efficiency
Analysis of Error Correction Techniques in Underwater Wireless Sensor
Networks". Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (JESTEC),
vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 17-28, 2011.
[7] A. F. Harris, M. Zorzi, "Modeling the underwater acoustic channel in
ns2," Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Performance
evaluation methodologies and tools, Vol. 321, no. 18, 2007.
[8] Y. Labrador, et al, "Modulation and Error Correction in the Underwater
Acoustic Communication Channel," IJCSNS International Journal of
computer Science and Network Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 123-130,
2009.
[9] Y. Sankarasubramaniam, et al, "Energy Efficiency based Packet Size
Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks,". Proceedings of the First
IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and
Applications, 2003.
[10] Z. Tian, et al, "Energy Efficiency Analysis of Error Control Schemes in
Wireless Sensor Networks," Proceedings of International Wireless
Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC '08, pp.
401-405, 2008.
[11] H.-P. Tan, W. K. G. Seah, and L. Doyle, "A multi-hop arq protocol for
Underwater Acoustic Networks ".
[12] J.-W. Lee, J.-P. Kim, J.-H. Lee, Y. Jang, K. C. Dho, K. Son, and H.-S.
Cho, "An improved ARQ scheme in underwater acoustic sensor
networks," in Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans, Kobe, Japan, Apr. 2008, pp.1-5
[13] Mingsheng Gao, Wee-Seng Soh and Meixia Tao, "A Transmission
Scheme for Continuous ARQ Protocols over Underwater Acoustic
Channels," IEEE ICC, Dresden, Germany, Jun. 2009.
[14] Alvin C. Valera, Pius W. Q. Lee, Hwee-Pink Tan, H. G. Liang and
Winston K. G. Seah. Implementation and Evaluation of Multihop ARQ
for Reliable Communications in Underwater Acoustic Networks.
Accepted for publication at IEEE Oceans, May 2009
[15] Zheng Guo , Peng Xie , Jun-Hong Cui , Bing Wang, On applying
network coding to underwater sensor networks, Proceedings of the 1st
ACM international workshop on Underwater networks, September 25-
25, 2006, Los Angeles, CA, USA
[16] L. Bin, et al, "Inter-node Distance-Based Redundancy Reliable
Transport in Underwater Sensor Networks". EURASIP Journal on
Wireless Communications and Networking, Volume 2010, Article ID
358071, 2010.
[17] L. Bin, et al, "A study of forward error correction schemes for reliable
transport in underwater sensor networks," Proceedings of the 5th
Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh
and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON '08). pp. 197-
205, 2008.
[18] G. Begin, et al, "Further Results on High - Rate Puncturing
Convolutional codes for viterbi and sequential decoding," IEEE
transaction on Communications. Vol. 38 , No.11, pp. 1922-1928, 1990.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:62468", author = "Ammar Elyas babiker and M.Nordin B. Zakaria and Hassan Yosif and Samir B. Ibrahim", title = "An Efficient Energy Adaptive Hybrid Error Correction Technique for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks", abstract = "Variable channel conditions in underwater networks,
and variable distances between sensors due to water current, leads to
variable bit error rate (BER). This variability in BER has great
effects on energy efficiency of error correction techniques used. In
this paper an efficient energy adaptive hybrid error correction
technique (AHECT) is proposed. AHECT adaptively changes error
technique from pure retransmission (ARQ) in a low BER case to a
hybrid technique with variable encoding rates (ARQ & FEC) in a
high BER cases. An adaptation algorithm depends on a precalculated
packet acceptance rate (PAR) look-up table, current BER,
packet size and error correction technique used is proposed. Based
on this adaptation algorithm a periodically 3-bit feedback is added to
the acknowledgment packet to state which error correction technique
is suitable for the current channel conditions and distance.
Comparative studies were done between this technique and other
techniques, and the results show that AHECT is more energy
efficient and has high probability of success than all those
techniques.", keywords = "Underwater communication, wireless sensornetworks, error correction technique, energy efficiency", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "484-7", }
