Adjusting the Furnace and Converter Temperature of the Sulfur Recovery Units
The modified Claus process is commonly used in oil
refining and gas processing to recover sulfur and destroy
contaminants formed in upstream processing. A Claus furnace feed
containing a relatively low concentration of H2S may be incapable of
producing a stable flame. Also, incomplete combustion of
hydrocarbons in the feed can lead to deterioration of the catalyst in
the reactors due to soot or carbon deposition. Therefore, special
consideration is necessary to achieve the appropriate overall sulfur
recovery. In this paper, some configurations available to treat lean
acid gas streams are described and the most appropriate ones are
studied to overcome low H2S concentration problems. As a result,
overall sulfur recovery is investigated for feed preheating and hot gas
configurations.
[1] Elsner, M. P., Menge, M., M├╝ller, C., Agar, D. W., The Claus process:
teaching an old dog new tricks, Catalysis Today 79-80 (2003) 487-494.
[2] H. Fisher, Burner/Fire box design improves sulphur recovery,
Hydrocarbon processing (1974 OCT.) 27-30.
[3] ZareNezhad, B., An investigation on the most important influencing
parameters regarding the selection of the proper catalysts for Claus SRU
converters, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 15 (2009) 143-147.
[4] Hawboldt, K. A.; Monnery, W. D.; Svrcek, W. Y. A Study on the Effect
of Quench Design on the Quality of Experimental Data. Ind. Eng. Chem.
Res. 1999, 38 (6), 2260-2263.
[5] Hawboldt, K. A.; Monnery, W. D.; Svrcek, W. Y. New Experimental
Data and Kinetic Rate Expression for H2S Cracking and Re-Association.
Chem. Eng. Sci. 1999, 55 (5), 957-966.
[6] Monnery, W. D., Hawboldt, K. A., Pollock, A. E. and Svrcek, W. Y.,
Ammonia Pyrolysis and Oxidation in the Claus Furnace, Ind. Eng.
Chem. Res. 2001, 40, 144-151.
[7] Paskall, H. G. Capabilityof theModified-C1ausProcess; Department of
Energy and Natural Resources: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1979;
Chapter IV.
[8] Dowling, N. I., Hyne, J. B., and Brown, D. M., Kinetics of the Reaction
between Hydrogen and Sulfur under High-Temperature Claus Furnace
Conditions, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 2327-2332.
[9] Mahdipoor, H. R., Khorsand, K., Hayati, R., Javaherizadeh, H., Effect of
Reaction Furnace and Converter Temperatures on Performance of Sulfur
Recovery Units (SRUs), Journal of Petroleum Science Research,
accepted to published, 2012.
[10] McIntyre, G., Lyddon, L., Claus Sulphur Recovery Options, Bryan
Research and Engineering, Inc. Technical Papers, Bryan, Texas.
[11] Baehr, H. Gas Purification by the I.G. Alkacid Process and Sulfur
Recovery by the I.G. Claus Process. Refin. Nut. Gasoline Manuf. 1938,
17, 237-244.
[12] Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA). Engineering Data Book;
GPSA Tulsa, 1987; Chapter 22.
[13] Sames, J., Sulfur recovery process fundamental, Technical paper, Sulfur
experts Inc.
[14] Huisman H.M., P. van der Berg, R. Mos, A.J. van Dillen, and J.W. Geus,
Hydrolysis of Carbon Sulfides on Titania and Alumina Catalysts: The
Influence of Water, Applied Catalysis A, 115 (1994) 157-172.
[15] Laperdrix, E., I. Justin, G. Costentin, 0. Saur, J.C. Lavalley, A.
Aboulayt, J.L. Ray, and C. Nedez, Comparative Study of CS2
Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Alumina and Titania, Applied Catalysis B:
Environment, 17 (1998) 167-173.
[16] Gens, T.A., Decrease in Carbonyl Sulfide in the Feed to Claus
Converters by Shift Catalysts, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 33 (1994) 1654-
1656.
[17] Paskall, H.G.: ┬ÀReaction Furnace Chemistry and Operational Modes┬À
Proceedings of Gas SWeetening and Sulphur Recovery Seminar,
Comprimo/Western Research, Amsterdam (November, 1982).
[18] Sames, J.A., Dale, P.R., Wong, B.: ┬ÀEvaluation of Reaction Furnace
Variables in Modified-Claus Plants┬À Proceedings of Lawrence Reid Gas
Conditioning Conference, Norman, Oklahoma, (March, 1987).
[19] Puchyr, D.M J., A.K Mehrotra, LA Behie, and N. Kalogerakis,
Hydrodynamic and Kinetic Modeling of Circulating Fluidized Bed
Reactors Applied to a Modified Claus Plant, Chem. Eng. Sci. 51 (1996)
5251-5262.
[20] Maadah, A.G. and R.N. Maddox, Predict Claus Product, Hydrocarbon
Processing 57 (1978) 143-146.
[21] Burns, R.A., R.B Lippert, and R.K. Kerr, Choose Catalyst Objectively,
Hydrocarbon Processing, 53 (1974) 181-186.
[22] George, Z.M., Effect of Catalyst Basicity for COS, SO2 and COS
Hydrolysis Reactions, J. catalysis, 35 (1974) 218-224.
[23] Terorde, R.J.A.M., PJ. van den Brink, L.M. Visser, A.J. van Dillen, and
G.W. Geuss, Selective Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to Elemental
Sulfur Using Iron Oxide Catalysts on Various Supports, Catalysis Today
17 (1993) 217-224.
[24] Berben, P.H., Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands,
1992.
[1] Elsner, M. P., Menge, M., M├╝ller, C., Agar, D. W., The Claus process:
teaching an old dog new tricks, Catalysis Today 79-80 (2003) 487-494.
[2] H. Fisher, Burner/Fire box design improves sulphur recovery,
Hydrocarbon processing (1974 OCT.) 27-30.
[3] ZareNezhad, B., An investigation on the most important influencing
parameters regarding the selection of the proper catalysts for Claus SRU
converters, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 15 (2009) 143-147.
[4] Hawboldt, K. A.; Monnery, W. D.; Svrcek, W. Y. A Study on the Effect
of Quench Design on the Quality of Experimental Data. Ind. Eng. Chem.
Res. 1999, 38 (6), 2260-2263.
[5] Hawboldt, K. A.; Monnery, W. D.; Svrcek, W. Y. New Experimental
Data and Kinetic Rate Expression for H2S Cracking and Re-Association.
Chem. Eng. Sci. 1999, 55 (5), 957-966.
[6] Monnery, W. D., Hawboldt, K. A., Pollock, A. E. and Svrcek, W. Y.,
Ammonia Pyrolysis and Oxidation in the Claus Furnace, Ind. Eng.
Chem. Res. 2001, 40, 144-151.
[7] Paskall, H. G. Capabilityof theModified-C1ausProcess; Department of
Energy and Natural Resources: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1979;
Chapter IV.
[8] Dowling, N. I., Hyne, J. B., and Brown, D. M., Kinetics of the Reaction
between Hydrogen and Sulfur under High-Temperature Claus Furnace
Conditions, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 2327-2332.
[9] Mahdipoor, H. R., Khorsand, K., Hayati, R., Javaherizadeh, H., Effect of
Reaction Furnace and Converter Temperatures on Performance of Sulfur
Recovery Units (SRUs), Journal of Petroleum Science Research,
accepted to published, 2012.
[10] McIntyre, G., Lyddon, L., Claus Sulphur Recovery Options, Bryan
Research and Engineering, Inc. Technical Papers, Bryan, Texas.
[11] Baehr, H. Gas Purification by the I.G. Alkacid Process and Sulfur
Recovery by the I.G. Claus Process. Refin. Nut. Gasoline Manuf. 1938,
17, 237-244.
[12] Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA). Engineering Data Book;
GPSA Tulsa, 1987; Chapter 22.
[13] Sames, J., Sulfur recovery process fundamental, Technical paper, Sulfur
experts Inc.
[14] Huisman H.M., P. van der Berg, R. Mos, A.J. van Dillen, and J.W. Geus,
Hydrolysis of Carbon Sulfides on Titania and Alumina Catalysts: The
Influence of Water, Applied Catalysis A, 115 (1994) 157-172.
[15] Laperdrix, E., I. Justin, G. Costentin, 0. Saur, J.C. Lavalley, A.
Aboulayt, J.L. Ray, and C. Nedez, Comparative Study of CS2
Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Alumina and Titania, Applied Catalysis B:
Environment, 17 (1998) 167-173.
[16] Gens, T.A., Decrease in Carbonyl Sulfide in the Feed to Claus
Converters by Shift Catalysts, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 33 (1994) 1654-
1656.
[17] Paskall, H.G.: ┬ÀReaction Furnace Chemistry and Operational Modes┬À
Proceedings of Gas SWeetening and Sulphur Recovery Seminar,
Comprimo/Western Research, Amsterdam (November, 1982).
[18] Sames, J.A., Dale, P.R., Wong, B.: ┬ÀEvaluation of Reaction Furnace
Variables in Modified-Claus Plants┬À Proceedings of Lawrence Reid Gas
Conditioning Conference, Norman, Oklahoma, (March, 1987).
[19] Puchyr, D.M J., A.K Mehrotra, LA Behie, and N. Kalogerakis,
Hydrodynamic and Kinetic Modeling of Circulating Fluidized Bed
Reactors Applied to a Modified Claus Plant, Chem. Eng. Sci. 51 (1996)
5251-5262.
[20] Maadah, A.G. and R.N. Maddox, Predict Claus Product, Hydrocarbon
Processing 57 (1978) 143-146.
[21] Burns, R.A., R.B Lippert, and R.K. Kerr, Choose Catalyst Objectively,
Hydrocarbon Processing, 53 (1974) 181-186.
[22] George, Z.M., Effect of Catalyst Basicity for COS, SO2 and COS
Hydrolysis Reactions, J. catalysis, 35 (1974) 218-224.
[23] Terorde, R.J.A.M., PJ. van den Brink, L.M. Visser, A.J. van Dillen, and
G.W. Geuss, Selective Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to Elemental
Sulfur Using Iron Oxide Catalysts on Various Supports, Catalysis Today
17 (1993) 217-224.
[24] Berben, P.H., Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands,
1992.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:50450", author = "Hamid Reza Mahdipoor and Hamid Ganji and Hamed Naderi and Hajar Yousefian and Hooman Javaherizadeh", title = "Adjusting the Furnace and Converter Temperature of the Sulfur Recovery Units", abstract = "The modified Claus process is commonly used in oil
refining and gas processing to recover sulfur and destroy
contaminants formed in upstream processing. A Claus furnace feed
containing a relatively low concentration of H2S may be incapable of
producing a stable flame. Also, incomplete combustion of
hydrocarbons in the feed can lead to deterioration of the catalyst in
the reactors due to soot or carbon deposition. Therefore, special
consideration is necessary to achieve the appropriate overall sulfur
recovery. In this paper, some configurations available to treat lean
acid gas streams are described and the most appropriate ones are
studied to overcome low H2S concentration problems. As a result,
overall sulfur recovery is investigated for feed preheating and hot gas
configurations.", keywords = "Sulfur recovery unit, Low H2S content", volume = "6", number = "7", pages = "536-4", }
