A Signal Driven Adaptive Resolution Short-Time Fourier Transform

The frequency contents of the non-stationary signals vary with time. For proper characterization of such signals, a smart time-frequency representation is necessary. Classically, the STFT (short-time Fourier transform) is employed for this purpose. Its limitation is the fixed timefrequency resolution. To overcome this drawback an enhanced STFT version is devised. It is based on the signal driven sampling scheme, which is named as the cross-level sampling. It can adapt the sampling frequency and the window function (length plus shape) by following the input signal local variations. This adaptation results into the proposed technique appealing features, which are the adaptive time-frequency resolution and the computational efficiency.




References:
[1] J.W. Mark and T.D. Todd, "A nonuniform sampling approach to data
compression", IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. COM-29,
pp. 24-32, January 1981.
[2] E. Allier, G. Sicard, L. Fesquet and M. Renaudin, "A new class of asynchronous
A/D converters based on time quantization", ASYNC'03,
pp.197-205, May 2003.
[3] F. Aeschlimann, E. Allier, L. Fesquet and M. Renaudin, "Asynchronus
FIR filters, towards a new digital processing chain", ASYNC'04, pp.
198-206, April 2004.
[4] N. Sayiner, H.V. Sorensen and T.R. Viswanathan, "A Level-Crossing
Sampling Scheme for A/D Conversion", IEEE Transactions on Circuits
and Systems II, vol. 43, pp. 335-339, April 1996.
[5] S.C. Sekhar and T.V. Sreenivas, "Adaptive window zero-crossing based
instantaneous frequency estimation", EURASIP Journal on Applied
Signal Processing, pp.1791-1806, Issue 1, January 2004.
[6] D. Gabor, "Theory of communication", Journal of the IEE, Vol.93(3),
pp.429-457, 1946.
[7] R. Polikar, "The engineer-s ultimate guide to wavelet analysis", Rowan
University, College of Engineering, retrieved June, 2006.
[8] S. M. Qaisar, L. Fesquet and M. Renaudin, "Spectral Analysis of a
signal Driven Sampling Scheme", EUSIPCO-06, September 2006.
[9] S. de Waele and P.M.T.Broersen, "Time domain error measures for
resampled irregular data", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
Measurements, pp.751-756, May 1999.
[10] S. de Waele and P.M.T.Broersen, "Error measures for resampled
irregular data", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
Measurements, pp.216-222, April 2000.
[11] S. M. Qaisar, L. Fesquet and M. Renaudin, "Computationally efficient
adaptive rate sampling and filtering", EUSIPCO-07, pp.2139-2143,
September 2007.
[12] M. Gretains, "Time-frequency representation based chirp like signal
analysis using multiple level crossings", EUSIPCO-07, pp.2154-2158,
Sep-tember 2007.
[13] S. M. Qaisar, L. Fesquet and M. Renaudin, "Adaptive rate filtering for a
signal driven sampling scheme", ICASSP-07, pp.1465-1468, April 2007.
[14] M. Vetterli et al. "Wavelets and filter banks: Theory and design", IEEE
Transections on signal processing, Vol.40, pp.2207-2232, 1992.
[15] F. Harris, "Multirate signal processing in communication systems",
EUSIPCO-07, September 2007.
[16] K. M. Guan and A.C. Singer, "Oppertunistic Sampling by Level-
Crossing", ICASSP-07, pp.1513-1516, April 2007.
[17] F. Akopyan, R. Manohar and A.B. Apsel, "A level-crossing flash
analog-to-digital converter", ASYNC-06, pp.12-22, Grenoble, France,
March 2006.
[18] S.M. Qaisar, L. Fesquet and M. Renaudin, "Computationally efficient
adaptive rate sampling and filtering for low power embedded systems",
SampTA-07, June 2007.
[19] S.M. Qaisar, L. Fesquet and M. Renaudin, "An Adaptive resolution
computationally efficient short time Fourier transform", EURASIP,
Research Letters in Signal Processing, April 2008.
[20] K. Guan and A.C. Singer, "A level crossing sampling scheme for nonbandlimited
signals", ICASSP-06, pp. 381-383, May 2006.
[21] I.F Blake and W.C. Lindsey, "Level-Crossing problems for random
processes", IEEE transactions on information theory, pp. 295-315, 1973.
[22] M. Miskowicz, "Efficiency of level-crossing sampling for bandlimited
Gaussian random process", Proc. of IEEE international workshop on
factory communication systems-2006, pp. 137-142, June 2006.
[23] K.J. Astrom, B. Bernhardsson, "Comparison of periodic and event based
sampling for first-order stochastic systems", Proc. of IFAC World
Congress-1999, pp. 301-306, 1999.
[24] M. Miskowicz, "Send-on-delta concept: an event-based data reporting
strategy", Sensors, vol 6, pp. 49-63, 2006.
[25] P. Otanez, J. Moyne and D. Tilbury, "Using deadbands to reduce
communication in networked control systems", Proc. of American
control conference-02, pp. 3015-3020, 2002.
[26] S.C. Gupta, "Increasing the sampling efficiency for a control system",
IEEE transactions on automatic and control, pp. 263-264, 1963.
[27] M. Lim, C. Saloma, "Direct signal recovery from threshold crossings",
Phys. Rev. E 58, pp. 6759-6765, 1998.
[28] M. Miskowicz, "Asymptotic effectiveness of the event-based sampling
according to the integral criterion", Sensors, vol 7, pp. 16-37, 2007.
[29] R.H. Walden, "Analog-to-Digital converter survey and analysis", IEEE
journal on selected areas in communications, vol. 17, pp. 539-550, April
1999.
[30] F.J. Beutler, "Error free recovery from irregularly spaced samples",
SIAM Review, vol. 8, pp. 328-335, 1996.
[31] F. Marvasti, "Nonuniform sampling theory and practice", Kluwer
academic/Plenum Publisher, New York, 2001.
[32] Ingrid Daubechies "Ten lectures on wavelets", Society for Industrial and
Applied Mathematics, U.S, June 1992.