A Review on the Usage of Ceramic Wastes in Concrete Production
Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes contribute the highest percentage of wastes worldwide (75%). Furthermore, ceramic materials contribute the highest percentage of wastes within the C&D wastes (54%). The current option for disposal of ceramic wastes is landfill. This is due to unavailability of standards, avoidance of risk, lack of knowledge and experience in using ceramic wastes in construction. The ability of ceramic wastes to act as a pozzolanic material in the production of cement has been effectively explored. The results proved that temperatures used in the manufacturing of these tiles (about 900⁰C) are sufficient to activate pozzolanic properties of clay. They also showed that, after optimization (11-14% substitution); the cement blend performs better, with no morphological difference between the cement blended with ceramic waste, and that blended with other pozzolanic materials. Sanitary ware and electrical insulator porcelain wastes are some wastes investigated for usage as aggregates in concrete production. When optimized, both produced good results, better than when natural aggregates are used. However, the research on ceramic wastes as partial substitute for fine aggregates or cement has not been overly exploited as the other areas. This review has been concluded with focus on investigating whether ceramic wall tile wastes used as partial substitute for cement and fine aggregates could prove to be beneficial since the two materials are the most high-priced during concrete production.
[1] A. Juan, C. Medina, M. Ignacio Guerra, J. M. Morán, P. J. Aguado, M. I. Sánchez de Rojas M. Frías and O. Rodríguez, "Re-Use of Ceramic Wastes in Construction,” In: Wunderlich, W. (ed.) Ceramic Materials. Rijeka, Croatia: Sciyo, 2012, pp. 197-211.
[2] Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa, "Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste”,3rd Edition, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, ISBN 0620-22993-4, 2005, p. ii.
[3] Initiative for Zero Waste in Africa (IZWA), "Local Economic Development: Project Ideas, Readings for Projects Workshop,” Co – sponsored by the Development Bank of Southern Africa, 2005, p. 7.
[4] Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa, National Waste Management Strategy, "Guideline on Implementing South African Waste Information System”, 2nd Edition, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Final Report, Ref: 104. Sydafrika.1.MFS.57-1, 2006, pp. 47 - 50.
[5] R. Devanathan, F. Gao and X. Sun, "Challenges in Modelling the Degradations of Ceramic Waste Form,” United States Department of Energy, 2011, pp. 3-4.
[6] Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa, "National Waste Management Strategy Implementation South Africa, Recycling: Review of Industrial Waste Exchange”, Annexure G, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Final Report, Report no: 12/9/6., 2005, p. i.
[7] C. T. Tam, Handbook of Civil Engineering: 2nd Edition, "Chapter 40, Constituents and Properties of Concrete,” CRC Press LLC, ISBN 0-8493-0958-1, 2003, pp. 1319 - 1370.
[8] J. C. A. Galvão, K. F. Portella, A. Joukoski, R. Mendes, and E. S. Ferreira, "Use of Waste Polymers in Concrete for Repair of Dam Hydraulic Surfaces,” Elsevier Ltd, 2010, pp. 1049-1054.
[9] Reference Document by Best Available Techniques (BAT) in the Ceramic Manufacturing Industry; European Commission, Directorate General JRC, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, 2007, p. i.
[10] N. Ay and M. Unal, "The Use of Waste Ceramic Tile in Cement Production, Cement and Concrete Research”, 30, 2000, pp. 497-499.
[11] J. Bensted, and J. Munn, A discussion of the paper "The use of waste Ceramic Tile in Cement Production" by N. Ay and M. Unal. Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 2001, pp. 161-162.
[12] A. E. Lavat, M. A. Trezza and M. Poggi, "Characterization of Ceramic Roof Tile Wastes as Pozzolanic Admixture,” Waste Management, 29, 2009, pp. 1666-1674.
[13] M. I. S. De Rojas, F. Marin, J. Rivera, and M. Frias, "Morphology and Properties in Blended Cements with Ceramic Wastes as a Pozzolanic Material,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 89, 2006, pp. 3701-3705.
[14] H. Koyuncu, Y. Guney, G. Yilmaz, S. Koyuncu and R. Bakis, "Utilization of ceramic Wastes in the Construction Sector,” Euro Ceramics viii, Part 1-3, 264-268, 2004, pp. 2509-2512.
[15] I. B. Topcu and N. F. Guncan, "Using Waste Concrete as Aggregate,” Cement and Concrete Research, 25, 1995, pp. 1385-1390.
[16] J. De Brito, A. S. Pereira, and J. R. Correia, "Mechanical Behaviour of Non-Structural Concrete Made with Recycled Ceramic Aggregates,” Cement & Concrete Composites, 27, 2005, pp. 429-433.
[17] M. M. Bakri, K. Hussin, C. Mohd, S. Baharin, R. Ramly, N. Khairiatun, "Concrete Ceramic Waste Slab (CCWS)”,Journal of Engineering Research & Education, 3, 2006, pp. 139-145.
[18] A. Naceri and M. C. Hamina, "Use of Waste Brick as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Mortar,” Waste Management, 29, 2009, pp. 2378-2384.
[19] M. Gomes and J. De Brito, "Structural Concrete with Incorporation of Coarse Recycled Concrete and Ceramic Aggregates: Durability Performance,” Materials and Structures, 42, 2009, pp. 663-675.
[20] C. Medina, M. Romero, J. Muran del Pozo and J. Valdes, "Use of Ceramic Wastes in Structural Concretes,” 1st Spanish National Conference on Advances in Materials Recycling and Eco – Energy, Universidad de Leon, Spain, 2009, pp. 137-139.
[21] V. Lopez, B. Llamas, A. Juan, J. M. Moran and I. Guerra, Eco-efficient Concretes: Impact of the use of White Ceramic Powder on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete. Biosystems Engineering, 96, 2007, pp. 559-564.
[22] K. F. Portella, A. Joukoski, R. Franck, and R. Derksen, "Secondary Recycling of Electrical Insulator Porcelain Waste in Portland Concrete Structures: Determination of the Performance under Accelerated Aging,” Cerâmica, 2006, pp.155-167.
[23] H. Higashiyama, F. Yagishita, M. Sano and O. Takahashi, "Compressive Strength and Resistance to Chloride Penetration of Mortars Using Ceramic Waste as Fine Aggregate,” Construction and Building Materials, 26, 2012, pp. 96-101.
[24] M. Suzuki, M. S. Meddah, and R. Sato, 2009, "Use of Porous Ceramic Waste Aggregates for Internal Curing of High Performance Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, 39, 2009, pp. 373-381.
[25] F. Puertas, I. Garcia-Diaz, M. Palacios, M. F. Gazulla, M. P. Gomez, M. Orduna, 2010, "Clinkers and Cements Obtained from Raw Mix Containing Ceramic Waste as a Raw Material: Characterization, Hydration and Leaching Studies,” Cement and concrete composites, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 175-186.
[1] A. Juan, C. Medina, M. Ignacio Guerra, J. M. Morán, P. J. Aguado, M. I. Sánchez de Rojas M. Frías and O. Rodríguez, "Re-Use of Ceramic Wastes in Construction,” In: Wunderlich, W. (ed.) Ceramic Materials. Rijeka, Croatia: Sciyo, 2012, pp. 197-211.
[2] Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa, "Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste”,3rd Edition, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, ISBN 0620-22993-4, 2005, p. ii.
[3] Initiative for Zero Waste in Africa (IZWA), "Local Economic Development: Project Ideas, Readings for Projects Workshop,” Co – sponsored by the Development Bank of Southern Africa, 2005, p. 7.
[4] Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa, National Waste Management Strategy, "Guideline on Implementing South African Waste Information System”, 2nd Edition, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Final Report, Ref: 104. Sydafrika.1.MFS.57-1, 2006, pp. 47 - 50.
[5] R. Devanathan, F. Gao and X. Sun, "Challenges in Modelling the Degradations of Ceramic Waste Form,” United States Department of Energy, 2011, pp. 3-4.
[6] Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa, "National Waste Management Strategy Implementation South Africa, Recycling: Review of Industrial Waste Exchange”, Annexure G, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Final Report, Report no: 12/9/6., 2005, p. i.
[7] C. T. Tam, Handbook of Civil Engineering: 2nd Edition, "Chapter 40, Constituents and Properties of Concrete,” CRC Press LLC, ISBN 0-8493-0958-1, 2003, pp. 1319 - 1370.
[8] J. C. A. Galvão, K. F. Portella, A. Joukoski, R. Mendes, and E. S. Ferreira, "Use of Waste Polymers in Concrete for Repair of Dam Hydraulic Surfaces,” Elsevier Ltd, 2010, pp. 1049-1054.
[9] Reference Document by Best Available Techniques (BAT) in the Ceramic Manufacturing Industry; European Commission, Directorate General JRC, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, 2007, p. i.
[10] N. Ay and M. Unal, "The Use of Waste Ceramic Tile in Cement Production, Cement and Concrete Research”, 30, 2000, pp. 497-499.
[11] J. Bensted, and J. Munn, A discussion of the paper "The use of waste Ceramic Tile in Cement Production" by N. Ay and M. Unal. Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 2001, pp. 161-162.
[12] A. E. Lavat, M. A. Trezza and M. Poggi, "Characterization of Ceramic Roof Tile Wastes as Pozzolanic Admixture,” Waste Management, 29, 2009, pp. 1666-1674.
[13] M. I. S. De Rojas, F. Marin, J. Rivera, and M. Frias, "Morphology and Properties in Blended Cements with Ceramic Wastes as a Pozzolanic Material,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 89, 2006, pp. 3701-3705.
[14] H. Koyuncu, Y. Guney, G. Yilmaz, S. Koyuncu and R. Bakis, "Utilization of ceramic Wastes in the Construction Sector,” Euro Ceramics viii, Part 1-3, 264-268, 2004, pp. 2509-2512.
[15] I. B. Topcu and N. F. Guncan, "Using Waste Concrete as Aggregate,” Cement and Concrete Research, 25, 1995, pp. 1385-1390.
[16] J. De Brito, A. S. Pereira, and J. R. Correia, "Mechanical Behaviour of Non-Structural Concrete Made with Recycled Ceramic Aggregates,” Cement & Concrete Composites, 27, 2005, pp. 429-433.
[17] M. M. Bakri, K. Hussin, C. Mohd, S. Baharin, R. Ramly, N. Khairiatun, "Concrete Ceramic Waste Slab (CCWS)”,Journal of Engineering Research & Education, 3, 2006, pp. 139-145.
[18] A. Naceri and M. C. Hamina, "Use of Waste Brick as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Mortar,” Waste Management, 29, 2009, pp. 2378-2384.
[19] M. Gomes and J. De Brito, "Structural Concrete with Incorporation of Coarse Recycled Concrete and Ceramic Aggregates: Durability Performance,” Materials and Structures, 42, 2009, pp. 663-675.
[20] C. Medina, M. Romero, J. Muran del Pozo and J. Valdes, "Use of Ceramic Wastes in Structural Concretes,” 1st Spanish National Conference on Advances in Materials Recycling and Eco – Energy, Universidad de Leon, Spain, 2009, pp. 137-139.
[21] V. Lopez, B. Llamas, A. Juan, J. M. Moran and I. Guerra, Eco-efficient Concretes: Impact of the use of White Ceramic Powder on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete. Biosystems Engineering, 96, 2007, pp. 559-564.
[22] K. F. Portella, A. Joukoski, R. Franck, and R. Derksen, "Secondary Recycling of Electrical Insulator Porcelain Waste in Portland Concrete Structures: Determination of the Performance under Accelerated Aging,” Cerâmica, 2006, pp.155-167.
[23] H. Higashiyama, F. Yagishita, M. Sano and O. Takahashi, "Compressive Strength and Resistance to Chloride Penetration of Mortars Using Ceramic Waste as Fine Aggregate,” Construction and Building Materials, 26, 2012, pp. 96-101.
[24] M. Suzuki, M. S. Meddah, and R. Sato, 2009, "Use of Porous Ceramic Waste Aggregates for Internal Curing of High Performance Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, 39, 2009, pp. 373-381.
[25] F. Puertas, I. Garcia-Diaz, M. Palacios, M. F. Gazulla, M. P. Gomez, M. Orduna, 2010, "Clinkers and Cements Obtained from Raw Mix Containing Ceramic Waste as a Raw Material: Characterization, Hydration and Leaching Studies,” Cement and concrete composites, Elsevier, 2010, pp. 175-186.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:66593", author = "O. Zimbili and W. Salim and M. Ndambuki", title = "A Review on the Usage of Ceramic Wastes in Concrete Production", abstract = "Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes contribute the highest percentage of wastes worldwide (75%). Furthermore, ceramic materials contribute the highest percentage of wastes within the C&D wastes (54%). The current option for disposal of ceramic wastes is landfill. This is due to unavailability of standards, avoidance of risk, lack of knowledge and experience in using ceramic wastes in construction. The ability of ceramic wastes to act as a pozzolanic material in the production of cement has been effectively explored. The results proved that temperatures used in the manufacturing of these tiles (about 900⁰C) are sufficient to activate pozzolanic properties of clay. They also showed that, after optimization (11-14% substitution); the cement blend performs better, with no morphological difference between the cement blended with ceramic waste, and that blended with other pozzolanic materials. Sanitary ware and electrical insulator porcelain wastes are some wastes investigated for usage as aggregates in concrete production. When optimized, both produced good results, better than when natural aggregates are used. However, the research on ceramic wastes as partial substitute for fine aggregates or cement has not been overly exploited as the other areas. This review has been concluded with focus on investigating whether ceramic wall tile wastes used as partial substitute for cement and fine aggregates could prove to be beneficial since the two materials are the most high-priced during concrete production.
", keywords = "Blended, morphological, pozzolanic properties, waste.", volume = "8", number = "1", pages = "100-5", }
