Numbers and Biomass of Bacteria and Fungi Obtained by the Direct Microscopic Count Method
The soil ecology of the organic and mineral soil layers
of laurel-leaved and Cryptomeria japonica forest in the Kasuga-yama
Hill Primeval Forest (Nara, Japan) was assessed. The number of
bacteria obtained by the dilution plate count method was less than
0.05% of those counted by the direct microscopic count. We therefore
found that forest soil contains large numbers of non-culturable
bacteria compared with agricultural soils. The numbers of bacteria and
fungi obtained by both the dilution plate count and the direct
microscopic count were larger in the deeper horizons (F and H) of the
organic layer than in the mineral soil layer. This suggests that active
microbial metabolism takes place in the organic layer. The numbers of
bacteria and the length of fungal hyphae obtained by the direct count
method were greater in the H horizon than in the F horizon. The direct
microscopic count revealed numerous non-culturable bacteria and
fungi in the soil. The ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass was lower in
the laurel-leaved forest soil. The fungal biomass was therefore
relatively low in the laurel-leaved forest soil due to differences in
forest vegetation.
[1] Suganuma T, "History of Nara Park (Nature)", Daiichihouki Publishing.
Nara, 1982, pp.1-95.
[2] Tanabe I, Suzuki T, "Ecology of soil microorganism", Kyoritsu
Publishing. Tokyo, 1973, pp.84-91.
[3] Someya T , "Ecology of soil microorganisms and new methods" Japanese
Journal of Ecology, Vol. 47, 1997, 59-62.
[4] Tanabe I, Suzuki T, "Analysis method of microorganism", Soil Science
and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 37, 34-45, 1972.
[5] Kanazawa S, Takeshima S, Ohta K, "Effect of waring blender treatment
on the counts of soil microorganisms", Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,
Vol. 32, 81-89, 1986.
[6] Someya T, "Three-dimensional observation of soil bacteria in organic
debris with a confocal laser scanning microscope", Soil Microorganisms,
Vol. 46, 61-69, 1995.
[7] Jones PCT, Mollison JE, "A technique for the quantitative estimation of
soil microorganisms", Journal of General Microbiology, Vol. 2, 54-69,
1948.
[8] Hasebe A, Kanazawa S, Takai Y, "Microbial biomass calculated from
directed using fluorescence microscope", Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,
Vol. 30, 175-187, 1984.
[9] Marumoto T, "Soil biochemistry", Asakura Publishing. Tokyo, 1994,
pp.34-51.
[10] Sakamoto K, Oba Y, "Effect of Various Organic Amendments on
Microbial Biomass Flora in Arable Soil", Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,
Vol. 66, 418-421, 1995.
[1] Suganuma T, "History of Nara Park (Nature)", Daiichihouki Publishing.
Nara, 1982, pp.1-95.
[2] Tanabe I, Suzuki T, "Ecology of soil microorganism", Kyoritsu
Publishing. Tokyo, 1973, pp.84-91.
[3] Someya T , "Ecology of soil microorganisms and new methods" Japanese
Journal of Ecology, Vol. 47, 1997, 59-62.
[4] Tanabe I, Suzuki T, "Analysis method of microorganism", Soil Science
and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 37, 34-45, 1972.
[5] Kanazawa S, Takeshima S, Ohta K, "Effect of waring blender treatment
on the counts of soil microorganisms", Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,
Vol. 32, 81-89, 1986.
[6] Someya T, "Three-dimensional observation of soil bacteria in organic
debris with a confocal laser scanning microscope", Soil Microorganisms,
Vol. 46, 61-69, 1995.
[7] Jones PCT, Mollison JE, "A technique for the quantitative estimation of
soil microorganisms", Journal of General Microbiology, Vol. 2, 54-69,
1948.
[8] Hasebe A, Kanazawa S, Takai Y, "Microbial biomass calculated from
directed using fluorescence microscope", Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,
Vol. 30, 175-187, 1984.
[9] Marumoto T, "Soil biochemistry", Asakura Publishing. Tokyo, 1994,
pp.34-51.
[10] Sakamoto K, Oba Y, "Effect of Various Organic Amendments on
Microbial Biomass Flora in Arable Soil", Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,
Vol. 66, 418-421, 1995.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:58349", author = "Ayuko Itsuki and Sachiyo Aburatani", title = "Numbers and Biomass of Bacteria and Fungi Obtained by the Direct Microscopic Count Method", abstract = "The soil ecology of the organic and mineral soil layers
of laurel-leaved and Cryptomeria japonica forest in the Kasuga-yama
Hill Primeval Forest (Nara, Japan) was assessed. The number of
bacteria obtained by the dilution plate count method was less than
0.05% of those counted by the direct microscopic count. We therefore
found that forest soil contains large numbers of non-culturable
bacteria compared with agricultural soils. The numbers of bacteria and
fungi obtained by both the dilution plate count and the direct
microscopic count were larger in the deeper horizons (F and H) of the
organic layer than in the mineral soil layer. This suggests that active
microbial metabolism takes place in the organic layer. The numbers of
bacteria and the length of fungal hyphae obtained by the direct count
method were greater in the H horizon than in the F horizon. The direct
microscopic count revealed numerous non-culturable bacteria and
fungi in the soil. The ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass was lower in
the laurel-leaved forest soil. The fungal biomass was therefore
relatively low in the laurel-leaved forest soil due to differences in
forest vegetation.", keywords = "Bacterial number, Dilution plate count, Direct
microscopic count, Forest soil.", volume = "6", number = "12", pages = "1119-5", }