Simulation of Snow Covers Area by a Physical based Model
Snow cover is an important phenomenon in
hydrology, hence modeling the snow accumulation and melting is an
important issue in places where snowmelt significantly contributes to
runoff and has significant effect on water balance. The physics-based
models are invariably distributed, with the basin disaggregated into
zones or grid cells. Satellites images provide valuable data to verify
the accuracy of spatially distributed model outputs. In this study a
spatially distributed physically based model (WetSpa) was applied to
predict snow cover and melting in the Latyan dam watershed in Iran.
Snowmelt is simulated based on an energy balance approach. The
model is applied and calibrated with one year of observed daily
precipitation, air temperature, windspeed, and daily potential
evaporation. The predicted snow-covered area is compared with
remotely sensed images (MODIS). The results show that simulated
snow cover area SCA has a good agreement with satellite image
snow cover area SCA from MODIS images. The model performance
is also tested by statistical and graphical comparison of simulated and
measured discharges entering the Latyan dam reservoir.
[1] Y. B. Liu, S. Gebremeskel, F. De Smedt, L. Hoffmann, and L. Pfister,
"A diffusive transport approach for flow routing in GIS-based flood
modeling," Journal of Hydrology, 283, 2003, pp. 91-106.
[2] F. Keskin, A. A. ┼×ensoy, S. A. Arda, and ├£. ┼×orman, "Application of
Mike11 model for the simulation of snowmelt runoff in Yuvacik dam
basin, Turkey," International congress on river basin management, 22-24
Mar. 2007, Antalya-Turkey.
[3] F. Zanotti, S. Endorzzi, G. Bertoldi, and R. Rigon, "The GEOTOP Snow
Model," 61st Eastern Snow Conference Portland, 2004, Maine, USA
[4] D. C. Garen, D. Marks, "Spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt
modeling in a mountainous river basin: estimation of meteorological
inputs and verification of model results," Journal of Hydrology 315,
2005, pp. 126-153.
[5] T. Link, and M. Marks, "Distributed simulation of snowcover mass- and
energy-balance in the boreal forest," Hydrol. Process. 13, 1999, pp.
2439-2452.
[6] A. K. Saraf, J. L. Foster, P. Singh, and S. Tarafdar, "Passive microwave
data for snow-depth and snow-extent estimations in the Himalayan
Mountains," Int J Remote Sens 20(1), 1999, pp. 83-95.
[7] S. K. Jain, A. Goswami, and A. K. Saraf, "Role of Elevation and Aspect
in Snow Distribution in Western Himalaya," Water Resour Manage,
2008, DOI 10.1007/s11269-008-9265-5.
[8] D. K. Hall, and G. A. Riggs, "Accuracy assessment of the MODIS snow
products," Hydrol. Process. 21, 2007, pp. 1534-1547.
[9] Z. Wang, O. Batelaan, and F. De Smedt, "A distributed model for Water
and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and Atmosphere (WetSpa),"
Phys. Chem. Earth, 21, 1997, pp. 189-193.
[10] F. De Smedt, Y. B. Liu, and S. Gebremeskel, "Hydrological modeling on
a catchment scale using GIS and remote sensed land use information,"
In: Brebbia, C.A. (ed) WTI press, Boston,2000, pp. 295-304.
[11] Y. B. Liu, "Development and application of a GIS-based hydrological
model for flood prediction and watershed management," PhD Thesis,
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, 2004.
[12] A. Bahremand, F. De Smedt, J. Corluy, Y. B. Liu, J. Poórová, L.
Velcická, and E. Kuniková, "WetSpa Model Application for Assessing
Reforestation Impacts on Floods in Margecany-Hornad Watershed,
Slovakia," Water Resources Management 21(8), 2007, pp. 1373-1391.
[13] S. Gebremeskel, Y. B. Liu, F. De Smedt, and L. Pfister, "GIS based
distributed modeling for flood estimation," In Ramirez JA (ed.)
Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual American Geophysical
Union Hydrology Days, 2002, pp. 98-109.
[14] J. Rwetabula, "Modelling the fate and transport of organic micropollutants
and phospahtes in the Simiyu River and Speke gulf (Lake
Victoria), Tanzania," Ph.D thesis, VUB, VUB-Hydrologie 52, pp. 308,
2007.
[15] A. Bahremand, and F. De Smedt, "Distributed Hydrological Modeling
and Sensitivity Analysis in Torysa Watershed, Slovakia," Water
Resources Management 22, 2008, pp. 393-408.
[16] H. Zeinivand, and F. De Smedt, "Prediction of snowmelt floods with a
distributed hydrological model using a physical snow mass and energy
balance approach," 2008, Submitted to Natural Hazards Journal (in
review).
[17] H. Zeinivand, and F. De Smedt, "Hydrological modeling of snow
accumulation and melting on river basin scale," Water Resour Manage
Journal (online first), 2008, DOI:10.1007/s11269-008-9381-2.
[18] D. G. Tarboton, and C. H. Luce, "Utah energy balance snow
accumulation and melt model (UEB). Computer model technical
description and users guide," 1996, Utah Water Research Laboratory
and USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station. Available:
http://www.engineering.usu.edu/cee/faculty/dtarb/
[19] M. T. Walter, E. S. Brooks, D. K. McCool, L. G. King, M. Molnau, and
J. Boll, "Process-based snowmelt modeling: does it require more input
data than temperature-index modeling?," J. Hydrol 300(1-4), 2005, pp.
65-75.
[20] L. Hoffmann, A. El Idrissi, L. Pfiste, B. Hingray, F. Guex, A. Musy, J.
Humbert, G. Drogue, and T. Leviandier, "Development of regionalized
hydrological models in an area with short hydrological observation
series," River Research and Applications, 20(3), 2004, pp. 243-254.
[1] Y. B. Liu, S. Gebremeskel, F. De Smedt, L. Hoffmann, and L. Pfister,
"A diffusive transport approach for flow routing in GIS-based flood
modeling," Journal of Hydrology, 283, 2003, pp. 91-106.
[2] F. Keskin, A. A. ┼×ensoy, S. A. Arda, and ├£. ┼×orman, "Application of
Mike11 model for the simulation of snowmelt runoff in Yuvacik dam
basin, Turkey," International congress on river basin management, 22-24
Mar. 2007, Antalya-Turkey.
[3] F. Zanotti, S. Endorzzi, G. Bertoldi, and R. Rigon, "The GEOTOP Snow
Model," 61st Eastern Snow Conference Portland, 2004, Maine, USA
[4] D. C. Garen, D. Marks, "Spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt
modeling in a mountainous river basin: estimation of meteorological
inputs and verification of model results," Journal of Hydrology 315,
2005, pp. 126-153.
[5] T. Link, and M. Marks, "Distributed simulation of snowcover mass- and
energy-balance in the boreal forest," Hydrol. Process. 13, 1999, pp.
2439-2452.
[6] A. K. Saraf, J. L. Foster, P. Singh, and S. Tarafdar, "Passive microwave
data for snow-depth and snow-extent estimations in the Himalayan
Mountains," Int J Remote Sens 20(1), 1999, pp. 83-95.
[7] S. K. Jain, A. Goswami, and A. K. Saraf, "Role of Elevation and Aspect
in Snow Distribution in Western Himalaya," Water Resour Manage,
2008, DOI 10.1007/s11269-008-9265-5.
[8] D. K. Hall, and G. A. Riggs, "Accuracy assessment of the MODIS snow
products," Hydrol. Process. 21, 2007, pp. 1534-1547.
[9] Z. Wang, O. Batelaan, and F. De Smedt, "A distributed model for Water
and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and Atmosphere (WetSpa),"
Phys. Chem. Earth, 21, 1997, pp. 189-193.
[10] F. De Smedt, Y. B. Liu, and S. Gebremeskel, "Hydrological modeling on
a catchment scale using GIS and remote sensed land use information,"
In: Brebbia, C.A. (ed) WTI press, Boston,2000, pp. 295-304.
[11] Y. B. Liu, "Development and application of a GIS-based hydrological
model for flood prediction and watershed management," PhD Thesis,
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, 2004.
[12] A. Bahremand, F. De Smedt, J. Corluy, Y. B. Liu, J. Poórová, L.
Velcická, and E. Kuniková, "WetSpa Model Application for Assessing
Reforestation Impacts on Floods in Margecany-Hornad Watershed,
Slovakia," Water Resources Management 21(8), 2007, pp. 1373-1391.
[13] S. Gebremeskel, Y. B. Liu, F. De Smedt, and L. Pfister, "GIS based
distributed modeling for flood estimation," In Ramirez JA (ed.)
Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual American Geophysical
Union Hydrology Days, 2002, pp. 98-109.
[14] J. Rwetabula, "Modelling the fate and transport of organic micropollutants
and phospahtes in the Simiyu River and Speke gulf (Lake
Victoria), Tanzania," Ph.D thesis, VUB, VUB-Hydrologie 52, pp. 308,
2007.
[15] A. Bahremand, and F. De Smedt, "Distributed Hydrological Modeling
and Sensitivity Analysis in Torysa Watershed, Slovakia," Water
Resources Management 22, 2008, pp. 393-408.
[16] H. Zeinivand, and F. De Smedt, "Prediction of snowmelt floods with a
distributed hydrological model using a physical snow mass and energy
balance approach," 2008, Submitted to Natural Hazards Journal (in
review).
[17] H. Zeinivand, and F. De Smedt, "Hydrological modeling of snow
accumulation and melting on river basin scale," Water Resour Manage
Journal (online first), 2008, DOI:10.1007/s11269-008-9381-2.
[18] D. G. Tarboton, and C. H. Luce, "Utah energy balance snow
accumulation and melt model (UEB). Computer model technical
description and users guide," 1996, Utah Water Research Laboratory
and USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station. Available:
http://www.engineering.usu.edu/cee/faculty/dtarb/
[19] M. T. Walter, E. S. Brooks, D. K. McCool, L. G. King, M. Molnau, and
J. Boll, "Process-based snowmelt modeling: does it require more input
data than temperature-index modeling?," J. Hydrol 300(1-4), 2005, pp.
65-75.
[20] L. Hoffmann, A. El Idrissi, L. Pfiste, B. Hingray, F. Guex, A. Musy, J.
Humbert, G. Drogue, and T. Leviandier, "Development of regionalized
hydrological models in an area with short hydrological observation
series," River Research and Applications, 20(3), 2004, pp. 243-254.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:50534", author = "Hossein Zeinivand and Florimond De Smedt", title = "Simulation of Snow Covers Area by a Physical based Model", abstract = "Snow cover is an important phenomenon in
hydrology, hence modeling the snow accumulation and melting is an
important issue in places where snowmelt significantly contributes to
runoff and has significant effect on water balance. The physics-based
models are invariably distributed, with the basin disaggregated into
zones or grid cells. Satellites images provide valuable data to verify
the accuracy of spatially distributed model outputs. In this study a
spatially distributed physically based model (WetSpa) was applied to
predict snow cover and melting in the Latyan dam watershed in Iran.
Snowmelt is simulated based on an energy balance approach. The
model is applied and calibrated with one year of observed daily
precipitation, air temperature, windspeed, and daily potential
evaporation. The predicted snow-covered area is compared with
remotely sensed images (MODIS). The results show that simulated
snow cover area SCA has a good agreement with satellite image
snow cover area SCA from MODIS images. The model performance
is also tested by statistical and graphical comparison of simulated and
measured discharges entering the Latyan dam reservoir.", keywords = "Physical based model, Satellite image, Snow
covers.", volume = "3", number = "7", pages = "203-6", }