Impacts of Climate Change under the Threat of Global Warming for an Agricultural Watershed of the Kangsabati River
The effects of global warming on India vary from the
submergence of low-lying islands and coastal lands to the melting of
glaciers in the Indian Himalayas, threatening the volumetric flow rate
of many of the most important rivers of India and South Asia. In
India, such effects are projected to impact millions of lives. As a
result of ongoing climate change, the climate of India has become
increasingly volatile over the past several decades; this trend is
expected to continue.
Climate change is one of the most important global environmental
challenges, with implications for food production, water supply,
health, energy, etc. Addressing climate change requires a good
scientific understanding as well as coordinated action at national and
global level. The climate change issue is part of the larger challenge
of sustainable development. As a result, climate policies can be more
effective when consistently embedded within broader strategies
designed to make national and regional development paths more
sustainable. The impact of climate variability and change, climate
policy responses, and associated socio-economic development will
affect the ability of countries to achieve sustainable development
goals.
A very well calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (R2 =
0.9968, NSE = 0.91) was exercised over the Khatra sub basin of the
Kangsabati River watershed in Bankura district of West Bengal,
India, in order to evaluate projected parameters for agricultural
activities. Evapotranspiration, Transmission Losses, Potential
Evapotranspiration and Lateral Flow to reach are evaluated from the
years 2041-2050 in order to generate a picture for sustainable
development of the river basin and its inhabitants.
India has a significant stake in scientific advancement as well as
an international understanding to promote mitigation and adaptation.
This requires improved scientific understanding, capacity building,
networking and broad consultation processes. This paper is a
commitment towards the planning, management and development of
the water resources of the Kangsabati River by presenting detailed
future scenarios of the Kangsabati river basin, Khatra sub basin, over
the mentioned time period.
India-s economy and societal infrastructures are finely tuned to the
remarkable stability of the Indian monsoon, with the consequence
that vulnerability to small changes in monsoon rainfall is very high.
In 2002 the monsoon rains failed during July, causing profound loss
of agricultural production with a drop of over 3% in India-s GDP.
Neither the prolonged break in the monsoon nor the seasonal rainfall
deficit was predicted. While the general features of monsoon
variability and change are fairly well-documented, the causal
mechanisms and the role of regional ecosystems in modulating the
changes are still not clear. Current climate models are very poor at
modelling the Asian monsoon: this is a challenging and critical
region where the ocean, atmosphere, land surface and mountains all
interact. The impact of climate change on regional ecosystems is
likewise unknown. The potential for the monsoon to become more
volatile has major implications for India itself and for economies
worldwide. Knowledge of future variability of the monsoon system,
particularly in the context of global climate change, is of great
concern for regional water and food security.
The major findings of this paper were that of all the chosen
projected parameters, transmission losses, soil water content,
potential evapotranspiration, evapotranspiration and lateral flow to
reach, display an increasing trend over the time period of years 2041-
2050.
[1] Arnold, J. G., P. M. Allen, and G. Bernhardt, A Comprehensive Surface-
Groundwater Flow Model. J. Hydrology 142:47-69. 1993.
[2] Binger, R. L. Runoff Simulated From Goodwin Creek Watershed Using
SWAT. Trans. ASAE 39(1):85-90. 1996
[3] Arnold, J. G., R. Srinivasan, R. S. Muttiah, and J. R. Williams,. Large
Area Hydrologic Modeling and Assessment, Part I: Model Development.
J. American Water Resources Assoc. 34(1):73-89. 1998
[4] Arnold, J. G. and P. M. Allen,. Estimating Hydrologic Budgets for Three
Illinois Watersheds. J. Hydrology 176:57-77. 1996
[5] Saleh, A., J. G. Arnold, P. W. Gassman, L.M. Hauck, W.D. Rosenthal,
J.R. Williams, and A.M.S. McFarland, "Application of SWAT for Upper
North Bosque River Watershed." Trans. ASAE 45(3): 1077-87. 2000.
[6] Priestly, C. H. B. and R. J. Taylor,. On the Assessment of Surface Heat
Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Measurements. Mon. Weather
Rev. 100:81-92. 1972
[7] Monteith, J. L.,. Evaporation and the Environment. In: The State and
Movement of Water in Living Organisms. XIXth Symposium, Soc. for
Exp. Biol., Swansea, Cambridge University Press, pp. 205-234. 1965
[8] Rallison, R. E. and N. Miller,. Past, Present and Future SCS Runoff
Procedure. In: Rainfall Runoff Relationship, V. P. Singh (Editor). Water
Resources Publication, Littleton, Colorado, pp. 353-364. 1981
[9] Overton, D. E.,. Muskingum Flood Routing of Upland Streamflow. J.
Hydrology 4:185-200. 1966
[10] Arnold JG et al.. Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Users Manual. 1996
[1] Arnold, J. G., P. M. Allen, and G. Bernhardt, A Comprehensive Surface-
Groundwater Flow Model. J. Hydrology 142:47-69. 1993.
[2] Binger, R. L. Runoff Simulated From Goodwin Creek Watershed Using
SWAT. Trans. ASAE 39(1):85-90. 1996
[3] Arnold, J. G., R. Srinivasan, R. S. Muttiah, and J. R. Williams,. Large
Area Hydrologic Modeling and Assessment, Part I: Model Development.
J. American Water Resources Assoc. 34(1):73-89. 1998
[4] Arnold, J. G. and P. M. Allen,. Estimating Hydrologic Budgets for Three
Illinois Watersheds. J. Hydrology 176:57-77. 1996
[5] Saleh, A., J. G. Arnold, P. W. Gassman, L.M. Hauck, W.D. Rosenthal,
J.R. Williams, and A.M.S. McFarland, "Application of SWAT for Upper
North Bosque River Watershed." Trans. ASAE 45(3): 1077-87. 2000.
[6] Priestly, C. H. B. and R. J. Taylor,. On the Assessment of Surface Heat
Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Measurements. Mon. Weather
Rev. 100:81-92. 1972
[7] Monteith, J. L.,. Evaporation and the Environment. In: The State and
Movement of Water in Living Organisms. XIXth Symposium, Soc. for
Exp. Biol., Swansea, Cambridge University Press, pp. 205-234. 1965
[8] Rallison, R. E. and N. Miller,. Past, Present and Future SCS Runoff
Procedure. In: Rainfall Runoff Relationship, V. P. Singh (Editor). Water
Resources Publication, Littleton, Colorado, pp. 353-364. 1981
[9] Overton, D. E.,. Muskingum Flood Routing of Upland Streamflow. J.
Hydrology 4:185-200. 1966
[10] Arnold JG et al.. Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Users Manual. 1996
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:50344", author = "Sujana Dhar and Asis Mazumdar", title = "Impacts of Climate Change under the Threat of Global Warming for an Agricultural Watershed of the Kangsabati River", abstract = "The effects of global warming on India vary from the
submergence of low-lying islands and coastal lands to the melting of
glaciers in the Indian Himalayas, threatening the volumetric flow rate
of many of the most important rivers of India and South Asia. In
India, such effects are projected to impact millions of lives. As a
result of ongoing climate change, the climate of India has become
increasingly volatile over the past several decades; this trend is
expected to continue.
Climate change is one of the most important global environmental
challenges, with implications for food production, water supply,
health, energy, etc. Addressing climate change requires a good
scientific understanding as well as coordinated action at national and
global level. The climate change issue is part of the larger challenge
of sustainable development. As a result, climate policies can be more
effective when consistently embedded within broader strategies
designed to make national and regional development paths more
sustainable. The impact of climate variability and change, climate
policy responses, and associated socio-economic development will
affect the ability of countries to achieve sustainable development
goals.
A very well calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (R2 =
0.9968, NSE = 0.91) was exercised over the Khatra sub basin of the
Kangsabati River watershed in Bankura district of West Bengal,
India, in order to evaluate projected parameters for agricultural
activities. Evapotranspiration, Transmission Losses, Potential
Evapotranspiration and Lateral Flow to reach are evaluated from the
years 2041-2050 in order to generate a picture for sustainable
development of the river basin and its inhabitants.
India has a significant stake in scientific advancement as well as
an international understanding to promote mitigation and adaptation.
This requires improved scientific understanding, capacity building,
networking and broad consultation processes. This paper is a
commitment towards the planning, management and development of
the water resources of the Kangsabati River by presenting detailed
future scenarios of the Kangsabati river basin, Khatra sub basin, over
the mentioned time period.
India-s economy and societal infrastructures are finely tuned to the
remarkable stability of the Indian monsoon, with the consequence
that vulnerability to small changes in monsoon rainfall is very high.
In 2002 the monsoon rains failed during July, causing profound loss
of agricultural production with a drop of over 3% in India-s GDP.
Neither the prolonged break in the monsoon nor the seasonal rainfall
deficit was predicted. While the general features of monsoon
variability and change are fairly well-documented, the causal
mechanisms and the role of regional ecosystems in modulating the
changes are still not clear. Current climate models are very poor at
modelling the Asian monsoon: this is a challenging and critical
region where the ocean, atmosphere, land surface and mountains all
interact. The impact of climate change on regional ecosystems is
likewise unknown. The potential for the monsoon to become more
volatile has major implications for India itself and for economies
worldwide. Knowledge of future variability of the monsoon system,
particularly in the context of global climate change, is of great
concern for regional water and food security.
The major findings of this paper were that of all the chosen
projected parameters, transmission losses, soil water content,
potential evapotranspiration, evapotranspiration and lateral flow to
reach, display an increasing trend over the time period of years 2041-
2050.", keywords = "Change, future water availability scenario,
modeling, SWAT, global warming, sustainability.", volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "120-10", }