Values as a Predictor of Cyber-bullying Among Secondary School Students
The use of new technologies such internet (e-mail, chat
rooms) and cell phones has steeply increased in recent years.
Especially among children and young people, use of technological
tools and equipments is widespread. Although many teachers and
administrators now recognize the problem of school bullying, few are
aware that students are being harassed through electronic
communication. Referred to as electronic bullying, cyber bullying, or
online social cruelty, this phenomenon includes bullying through email,
instant messaging, in a chat room, on a website, or through
digital messages or images sent to a cell phone. Cyber bullying is
defined as causing deliberate/intentional harm to others using internet
or other digital technologies. It has a quantitative research design nd
uses relational survey as its method. The participants consisted of
300 secondary school students in the city of Konya, Turkey. 195
(64.8%) participants were female and 105 (35.2%) were male. 39
(13%) students were at grade 1, 187 (62.1%) were at grade 2 and 74
(24.6%) were at grade 3. The “Cyber Bullying Question List"
developed by Ar─▒cak (2009) was given to students. Following
questions about demographics, a functional definition of cyber
bullying was provided. In order to specify students- human values,
“Human Values Scale (HVS)" developed by Dilmaç (2007) for
secondary school students was administered. The scale consists of 42
items in six dimensions. Data analysis was conducted by the primary
investigator of the study using SPSS 14.00 statistical analysis
software. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the analysis of
students- cyber bullying behaviour and simple regression analysis was
conducted in order to test whether each value in the scale could
explain cyber bullying behaviour.
[1] Arıcak, T., Siyahhan, S., Uzunhasanoğlu, A., Sarıbeyoğlu, S.,Çıplak, S.,
Y─▒lmaz, N., Memmedov, C. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish
Adolescents. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(3), 253-261.
[2] Ar─▒cak, O. T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of
cyberbullying among university students. Eğitim Araştirmalari-Eurasian
Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
[3] Aydın, M. (2003). Gençliği Değer Algısı: Konya Örneği. Değerler
E─ƒitimi Dergisi, 1(3), 121-144.
[4] Aydo─ƒan, D., Dilma├º, B., Deniz, E. (2009). ─░lkö─ƒreti ö─ƒrencilerinde siber
zorbalık davranışı ve sosyal desteğin incelenmesi.1-3 Ekim. Eğitim
Bilimleri Kurultayı, Ege Üniversitesi.
[5] Bacanlı, H. (1999). Duyuşsal Davranış Eğitimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın
Da─ƒ─▒t─▒m.
[6] Belsey, B. (2008). Cyberbullying. Retrieved August 03, 2008
from,http://www.cyber- bullying.org.
[7] Beran, T., & Li, Q. (2005). Cyber-harassment: a new method for an old
behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32(3), 265-277
[8] Berson, I. R., Berson, M. J., & Ferron, J. M. (2002). Emerging risks of
violence in the digital age: Lessons for educators from online study of
adolescent girls in the United States. Journal of School Violence, 1(2),
51-71.
[9] Campbell, A. M. (2005). Cyber Bullying: An Old Problem in aNew
Guise?. Australian Journal of Guidance&Counseling, 15(1), 68-76.
[10] Dehue, F., Bolmon, C., Völlink, T. (2008). Cyberbullying: Youngsters-
Experiences and Parental Perception. CyberPsychology & Behavior,
11(2), 217-223.
[11] Dilma├º, B.(1999). ─░lkö─ƒretim ├û─ƒrencilerine ─░nsani De─ƒerler E─ƒitimi
Verilmesi Ve Ahlaki Olgunluk Ölçeği İle Eğitimin Sınanması. Marmara
Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans
Tezi, ─░stanbul.
[12] Dilmaç, B. (2007). Bir Grup Fen Lisesi Öğrencilerine Verilen İnsani
Değerler Eğitim Programın Etkililiğiğnin Sınanması. Selçuk Üniverritesi,
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü YayınlanmamışDoktoraz Tezi.
[13] Dilmaç, B. ve Ekşi, H., (2007). "Değerler Eğitiminde Temel Tartışmalar
ve Temel Yakla┼ƒ─▒mlar", ─░lkö─ƒretmen E─ƒitimci Dergisi, 14 , 21-29.
[14] Dilmaç, B.(2009). "Psychological Needs as a Predictor of Cyberbullying:
A Prelimary Report for College Students" Sanal Zorbal─▒─ƒ─▒ Yordayan
Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar: Lisans Öğrencileri için Bir Ön Çalışma. Kuram ve
Uygulamada E─ƒitim Bilimleri. Educational Sciences: Theory &
Practice,9(3).1291-1325
[15] Durmuş, Ç. (1996). Değerlerin Meslek Grupları Açısından İncelenmesi.
Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal
Bilimleri Enstit├╝s├╝. ─░stanbul.
[16] Erdur-Baker, O., Kavsut, F. (2007). Cyber bullying: A new face of peer
bullying. Journal of Educational Research, 7(27), 31-42.
[17] G├╝ngör, E. (1993). De─ƒerler Psikolojisi. Amsterdam: Hollanda T├╝rk
Akademisyenler Birli─ƒi Vakf─▒ Yay─▒nlar─▒.
[18] Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K., & Wolak, J. (2008). Highlights of the Youth
Internet Sa- fety Survey.Juvenile Justice Fact Sheet-FS200104.
Washington, DC: US Governmet Printing Office 2001. Retrieved August
3, 2008, from http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/ pdf/jvq/CV46.pdf. Retrieved
August 3, 2008, from http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/ pdf/jvq/CV46.pdf.
[19] Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic Bullying Among
Middle School Students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 522-530.
[20] Li, Q. (2007). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences.
School Pschology International, 27, 157-170.
[21] Kuşdil, M.E., & Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç.(2000). Türk Öğretmenlerin Değerler
Yönelimi ve Schwartz De─ƒer Kuram─▒, T├╝rk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(45), 59-
76.
[22] Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in
schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1777-1791.
[23] Mason, K. L. (2008). Cyberbullying: A preliminary assessment for school
personnel. Psychology in the Schools, 45(4), 323-348.
[24] Mehmetoğlu, U.(2006). Gençlik, Değerler ve Din. Küreselleşme, Ahlak ve
De─ƒerler.(Ed.Mehmeto─ƒlu&Mehmeto─ƒlu). ─░stanbul: Litera Yay─▒nc─▒l─▒k.
[25] Patchin, W. J., Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard:
A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile
Justice, 4(2), 148-169.
[26] Strom P.S. & Strom, R.D. (2005). Cyberbullying by Adolescents: A
Preliminary Assessment. The Educational Forum, 70(1), 21-36.
[27] Ybarra , M., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004a ). Online aggressor/targets,
aggressors, and tar- gets: A comparison of associated youth
characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308-
1316.
[28] Ybarra, M., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004b). Youth engaging in online
harassment: associ- ations with caregiver-child relationships, Internet use,
and personal characteristics. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 319-336.
[29] Willard, N. (2007). Educator-s guide to cyberbullying and cyberthreats
2007. Ret- rieved August 3, 2008, from
http://www.cyberbully.org/cyberbully/docs/cbcteduca- tor.pdf.
[1] Arıcak, T., Siyahhan, S., Uzunhasanoğlu, A., Sarıbeyoğlu, S.,Çıplak, S.,
Y─▒lmaz, N., Memmedov, C. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish
Adolescents. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(3), 253-261.
[2] Ar─▒cak, O. T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of
cyberbullying among university students. Eğitim Araştirmalari-Eurasian
Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
[3] Aydın, M. (2003). Gençliği Değer Algısı: Konya Örneği. Değerler
E─ƒitimi Dergisi, 1(3), 121-144.
[4] Aydo─ƒan, D., Dilma├º, B., Deniz, E. (2009). ─░lkö─ƒreti ö─ƒrencilerinde siber
zorbalık davranışı ve sosyal desteğin incelenmesi.1-3 Ekim. Eğitim
Bilimleri Kurultayı, Ege Üniversitesi.
[5] Bacanlı, H. (1999). Duyuşsal Davranış Eğitimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın
Da─ƒ─▒t─▒m.
[6] Belsey, B. (2008). Cyberbullying. Retrieved August 03, 2008
from,http://www.cyber- bullying.org.
[7] Beran, T., & Li, Q. (2005). Cyber-harassment: a new method for an old
behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32(3), 265-277
[8] Berson, I. R., Berson, M. J., & Ferron, J. M. (2002). Emerging risks of
violence in the digital age: Lessons for educators from online study of
adolescent girls in the United States. Journal of School Violence, 1(2),
51-71.
[9] Campbell, A. M. (2005). Cyber Bullying: An Old Problem in aNew
Guise?. Australian Journal of Guidance&Counseling, 15(1), 68-76.
[10] Dehue, F., Bolmon, C., Völlink, T. (2008). Cyberbullying: Youngsters-
Experiences and Parental Perception. CyberPsychology & Behavior,
11(2), 217-223.
[11] Dilma├º, B.(1999). ─░lkö─ƒretim ├û─ƒrencilerine ─░nsani De─ƒerler E─ƒitimi
Verilmesi Ve Ahlaki Olgunluk Ölçeği İle Eğitimin Sınanması. Marmara
Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans
Tezi, ─░stanbul.
[12] Dilmaç, B. (2007). Bir Grup Fen Lisesi Öğrencilerine Verilen İnsani
Değerler Eğitim Programın Etkililiğiğnin Sınanması. Selçuk Üniverritesi,
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü YayınlanmamışDoktoraz Tezi.
[13] Dilmaç, B. ve Ekşi, H., (2007). "Değerler Eğitiminde Temel Tartışmalar
ve Temel Yakla┼ƒ─▒mlar", ─░lkö─ƒretmen E─ƒitimci Dergisi, 14 , 21-29.
[14] Dilmaç, B.(2009). "Psychological Needs as a Predictor of Cyberbullying:
A Prelimary Report for College Students" Sanal Zorbal─▒─ƒ─▒ Yordayan
Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar: Lisans Öğrencileri için Bir Ön Çalışma. Kuram ve
Uygulamada E─ƒitim Bilimleri. Educational Sciences: Theory &
Practice,9(3).1291-1325
[15] Durmuş, Ç. (1996). Değerlerin Meslek Grupları Açısından İncelenmesi.
Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal
Bilimleri Enstit├╝s├╝. ─░stanbul.
[16] Erdur-Baker, O., Kavsut, F. (2007). Cyber bullying: A new face of peer
bullying. Journal of Educational Research, 7(27), 31-42.
[17] G├╝ngör, E. (1993). De─ƒerler Psikolojisi. Amsterdam: Hollanda T├╝rk
Akademisyenler Birli─ƒi Vakf─▒ Yay─▒nlar─▒.
[18] Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K., & Wolak, J. (2008). Highlights of the Youth
Internet Sa- fety Survey.Juvenile Justice Fact Sheet-FS200104.
Washington, DC: US Governmet Printing Office 2001. Retrieved August
3, 2008, from http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/ pdf/jvq/CV46.pdf. Retrieved
August 3, 2008, from http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/ pdf/jvq/CV46.pdf.
[19] Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic Bullying Among
Middle School Students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 522-530.
[20] Li, Q. (2007). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences.
School Pschology International, 27, 157-170.
[21] Kuşdil, M.E., & Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç.(2000). Türk Öğretmenlerin Değerler
Yönelimi ve Schwartz De─ƒer Kuram─▒, T├╝rk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(45), 59-
76.
[22] Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in
schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1777-1791.
[23] Mason, K. L. (2008). Cyberbullying: A preliminary assessment for school
personnel. Psychology in the Schools, 45(4), 323-348.
[24] Mehmetoğlu, U.(2006). Gençlik, Değerler ve Din. Küreselleşme, Ahlak ve
De─ƒerler.(Ed.Mehmeto─ƒlu&Mehmeto─ƒlu). ─░stanbul: Litera Yay─▒nc─▒l─▒k.
[25] Patchin, W. J., Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard:
A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile
Justice, 4(2), 148-169.
[26] Strom P.S. & Strom, R.D. (2005). Cyberbullying by Adolescents: A
Preliminary Assessment. The Educational Forum, 70(1), 21-36.
[27] Ybarra , M., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004a ). Online aggressor/targets,
aggressors, and tar- gets: A comparison of associated youth
characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308-
1316.
[28] Ybarra, M., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004b). Youth engaging in online
harassment: associ- ations with caregiver-child relationships, Internet use,
and personal characteristics. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 319-336.
[29] Willard, N. (2007). Educator-s guide to cyberbullying and cyberthreats
2007. Ret- rieved August 3, 2008, from
http://www.cyberbully.org/cyberbully/docs/cbcteduca- tor.pdf.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:59211", author = "Bülent Dilmaç and Didem Aydoğan", title = "Values as a Predictor of Cyber-bullying Among Secondary School Students", abstract = "The use of new technologies such internet (e-mail, chat
rooms) and cell phones has steeply increased in recent years.
Especially among children and young people, use of technological
tools and equipments is widespread. Although many teachers and
administrators now recognize the problem of school bullying, few are
aware that students are being harassed through electronic
communication. Referred to as electronic bullying, cyber bullying, or
online social cruelty, this phenomenon includes bullying through email,
instant messaging, in a chat room, on a website, or through
digital messages or images sent to a cell phone. Cyber bullying is
defined as causing deliberate/intentional harm to others using internet
or other digital technologies. It has a quantitative research design nd
uses relational survey as its method. The participants consisted of
300 secondary school students in the city of Konya, Turkey. 195
(64.8%) participants were female and 105 (35.2%) were male. 39
(13%) students were at grade 1, 187 (62.1%) were at grade 2 and 74
(24.6%) were at grade 3. The “Cyber Bullying Question List"
developed by Ar─▒cak (2009) was given to students. Following
questions about demographics, a functional definition of cyber
bullying was provided. In order to specify students- human values,
“Human Values Scale (HVS)" developed by Dilmaç (2007) for
secondary school students was administered. The scale consists of 42
items in six dimensions. Data analysis was conducted by the primary
investigator of the study using SPSS 14.00 statistical analysis
software. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the analysis of
students- cyber bullying behaviour and simple regression analysis was
conducted in order to test whether each value in the scale could
explain cyber bullying behaviour.", keywords = "Cyber bullying, Values, Secondary SchoolStudents", volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "275-4", }
