Using Discrete Event Simulation Approach to Reduce Waiting Times in Computed Tomography Radiology Department
The purpose of this study was to reduce patient
waiting times, improve system throughput and improve resources
utilization in radiology department. A discrete event simulation
model was developed using Arena simulation software to investigate
different alternatives to improve the overall system delivery based on
adding resource scenarios due to the linkage between patient waiting
times and resource availability. The study revealed that there is no
addition investment need to procure additional scanner but hospital
management deploy managerial tactics to enhance machine
utilization and reduce the long waiting time in the department.
[1] S. Walston, Y. Al-Harbi, and B. Al-Omar, "The changing face of
healthcare in Saudi Arabia," Annals of Saudi Medicine, 28:243–250,
2008.
[2] Shankar Purbey, Kampan Mukherjee, and Chandan Bhar, "Performance
measurement system for healthcare processes," International Journal of
Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 56, Iss: 3, pp. 241 –
251, 2007.
[3] Key indicators. Central Department of Statistics and Information, Saudi
Arabia (online database) (http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english).
[4] J. B. Jun, S. H. Jacobson, and J. R. Swisher, “Application of discreteevent
simulation in health care clinics: A survey,” J. Oper. Res. Soc.,
Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 109–123, Feb. 1999.
[5] P. C. O'Kane, "A simulation model of a diagnostic radiology
department," European Journal of Operation Research, Vol, 6, pp. 38 –
45, 1981.
[6] Klafehn, "Impact points in patient flows through a radiology department
provided through simulation," Proceedings of the 1987 Winter
Simulation Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 914 – 918, 14 – 16 December.
[7] M. A. Coffin, G. Lassiter, B. Killingsworth, and J. W. Kleckley, "A
simulation model of an X – ray facility," 1993 SCS Western
Multiconference on Simulation: Simulation in the Health Sciences and
Services, Society for Computer Simulation, La Jolla, California, USA,
pp. 3 – 7, 17 – 20 January 1993.
[8] M. A. Centeno, C. Albacete, D. O. Terzano, M. Carrillo, and T. Ogazon,
"A simulation study of the radiology department at JMH," Proceedings
of the 2000Winter Simulation Conference, Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 1978 – 1984, 10 – 13
December 2000.
[9] J. Banks, J. S. Carson II, B. L. Nelson, and D. M. Nicol, Discrete event
system simulation, 4 edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 2004.
[10] Averill M. Law, and W. David, Simulation Modelling and Analysis, 3RD
edition, McGraw Hill Higher Education, New York, USA, 2000.
[11] David Kelton, Randall Sadowski, and Nancy Zupick, Simulation with
Arena, 5TH edition , McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 2009.
[12] S. H. Jacobson, S. N. Hall, and J. R. Swisher, "Discrete-event simulation
of health care systems, patient flow: reducing delay in healthcare
delivery", Int Ser Oper Res Manag Sci, 91, pp. 211–52, 2006.
[13] J. M. H. Vissers, "Patient flow-based allocation of inpatient resources: A
case study," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 105, pp.
356-370, 1998.
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Sigut, J. L. Sanchez, and V. I. Jimenez, "Patient-centered simulation tool
for aiding in hospital management," Simulation Practice and Theory,
vol. 7, pp. 373-393, 1999.
[15] P. R. Harper, "A Framework for Operational Modelling of Hospital
Resources," Health Care Management Science, vol. 5, pp. 165-173,
2002.
[16] T. R. Rohleder, and K. J. Klassen, "Rolling Horizon Appointment
Scheduling: A Simulation Study," Health Care Management Science,
vol. 5, pp. 201-209, 2002.
[17] P. R. Harper, and A. K. Shahani, "Modelling for the planning and
management of bed capacities in hospitals," Journal of the Operational
Research Society, vol. 53, pp. 11-18, 2002.
[18] J. K. Cochran, and A. Bharti, "A multi-stage stochastic methodology for
whole hospital bed planning under peak loading," International Journal
of Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 8-36, 2006.
[19] D. Sundaramoorthi, V. C. P. Chen, J. M. Rosenberger, S. B. Kim, and D.
B. Behan, A data-integrated simulation model to evaluate nurse-patient
assignments, Technical Report IMSE 06-05, The University of Texas at
Arlington, 2006.
[20] W. J. Gutjahr, and M. S. Rauner, "An ACO algorithm for a dynamic
regional nurse-scheduling problem in Austria," Computers & Operations
Research, vol. 34, pp. 642- 666, 2007.
[21] J. M. H. Vissers, I. J. B. F. Adan, and N. P. Dellaert, "Developing a
platform for comparison of hospital admission systems: An illustration,"
European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 180, pp. 1290-1301,
2007.
[22] I. K. Altinel, and E. Ulas, "Simulation modeling for emergency bed
requirement planning," Annals of Operations Research, vol. 67, pp. 183-
210, 1996.
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time issues via computer simulation," INFOR, vol. 34, pp. 263–273,
1996.
[24] C. J. Gonzalez, M. Gonzalez, and N. M. Rios, "Improving the quality of
service in an emergency room using simulation-animation and total
quality management," Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 33, pp.
97-100, 1997.
[25] A. Bagust, M. Place, and J. W. Posnett, "Dynamics of bed use in
accommodating emergency admissions: stochastic simulation model,"
BMJ, vol. 319, pp. 155-158, 1999.
[26] D. C. Lane, C. Monefeldt, and J. V. Rosenhead, "Looking in the wrong
place for healthcare improvements: A system dynamics study of an
accident and emergency department," Journal of the Operational
Research Society, vol. 51, pp. 518-531, 2000.
[27] R. Ashton, L. Hague, M. Brandreth, D. Worthington, and S. Cropper, "A
simulation-based study of a NHS Walk-in Centre," Journal of the
Operational Research Society, vol. 56, pp. 153-161, 2005
[28] D. Sinreich, and Y. N. Marmor, "Emergency Departments Operations:
The Basis for Developing a Simulation Tool," IIE Transactions, vol. 37,
pp. 233-245, 2005.
[29] J.-Y. Yeh, and W.-S. Lin, "Using simulation technique and genetic
algorithm to improve the quality care of a hospital emergency
department," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 32, pp. 1073-1083,
2007.
[30] N. R. Hoot, L. J. Leblanc, I. Jones, S. R. Levin, C. Zhou, C. S. Gadd,
and D. Aronsky, "Forecasting Emergency Department Crowding: A
Discrete Event Simulation," Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 52, pp.
116-125, 2008.
[31] Nabeel Mandahawi; Sameh Al-Shihabi; Abdallah A. Abdallah, and
Yousuf M. Alfarah, "Reducing waiting time at an emergency department
using design for Six Sigma and discrete event simulation," Int. J. Six
Sigma and Competitive Advantage, vol. 6, Nos. 1/2, pp. 91 – 104, 2010.
[32] Lee-Min Wang, Shao-Jen Weng, Chun-Yueh Chang, Bing-Chuin
Cheng, and Shu Ting Kwong, "Simulation Optimization for Emergency
Department Resources Allocation," Proceedings of the 2011 Winter
Simulation Conference, pp. 1231 – 1238, 2011.
[33] Zhen Zeng, Xiaoji Ma, Yao Hu, Jingshan Li, and Deborah Bryant, "A
simulation study to improve quality of care in the emergency department
of a community hospital," Journal of emergency nursing, vol. 38, issue
4, pp. 322 – 328, 2012.
[34] E. El-Darzi, C. Vasilakis, T. Chaussalet, and P. H. Millard, "A
simulation modelling approach to evaluating length of stay, occupancy,
emptiness and bed blocking in a hospital geriatric department," Health
Care Management Science, vol. 1, pp. 143-149, 1998.
[35] J. Bowers, and G. Mould, "Ambulatory Care and Orthopaedic Capacity
Planning," Health Care Management Science, vol. 8, pp. 41-47, 2005.
[36] L. V. Green, S. Savin, and B. Wang, "Managing Patient Service in a
Diagnostic Medical Facility," Operations Research, vol. 54, pp. 11-25,
2006.
[37] J. P. Oddoye, D. F. Jones, M. Tamiz, and P. Schmidt, "Combining
simulation and goal programming for healthcare planning in a medical
assessment unit," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 193,
pp. 250-261, 2009.
[38] J. C. Ridge, S. K. Jones, M. S. Nielsen, and A. K. Shahani, "Capacity
planning for intensive care units," European Journal of Operational
Research, vol. 105, pp. 346-355, 1998.
[39] S.-C. Kim, I. Horowitz, K. K. Young, and T. A. Buckley, "Analysis of
capacity management of the intensive care unit in a hospital," European
Journal of Operational Research, vol. 115, pp. 36-46, 1999.
[40] S.-C. Kim, I. Horowitz, K. K. Young and T. A. Buckley, "Flexible bed
allocation and performance in the intensive care unit," Journal of
Operations Management, vol. 18, pp. 427-443, 2000.
[41] S.-C. Kim, and I. Horowitz, "Scheduling hospital services: the efficacy
of electivesurgery quotas," Omega, vol. 30, pp. 335-346, 2002.
[42] N. Litvak, M. Van Rijsbergen, R. J. Boucherie and M. Van
Houdenhoven, "Managing the overflow of intensive care patients,"
European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 185, pp. 998-1010,
2008.
[43] W. E. Mcaleer, J. A. Turner, D. Lismore and I. A. Naqvi, "Simulation of
a hospital’s theatre suite," Journal of Management in Medicine, vol. 9,
pp. 14-26, 1995.
[44] F. Dexter, A. Macario, R. D. Traub, M. Hopwood, and D. A. Lubarsky, "An Operating Room Scheduling Strategy to Maximize the Use of
Operating Room Block Time: Computer Simulation of Patient
Scheduling and Survey of Patients," Preferences for Surgical Waiting
Time. Anesth Analg, vol. 89, pp. 7-20, 1999.
[45] J. E. Everett, "A Decision Support Simulation Model for the
Management of an Elective Surgery Waiting System," Health Care
Management Science, vol. 5, pp. 89-95, 2002.
[46] D. C. Tyler, C. A. Pasquariello, and C.-H. Chen, "Determining Optimum
Operating Room Utilisation," Anesth Analg, vol. 96, pp. 1114-1121,
2003.
[47] J. Bowers, and G. Mould, "Managing uncertainty in orthopaedic trauma
theatres," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 154, pp. 599-
608, 2004.
[48] A. Sciomachen, E. Tanfani, and A. Testi, "Simulation model for optimal
schedules of operating theatres," International Journal of Simulation,
vol. 6, pp. 26-34, 2005.
[49] A. Jebali, A. B. Hadj Alouane, and P. Ladet, "Operating rooms
scheduling," International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 99,
pp. 52-62, 2006.
[50] M. Lamiri, X. Xie, A. Dolgui. and F. Grimaud, "A stochastic model for
operating room planning with elective and emergency demand for
surgery," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 185, pp.
1026-1037, 2008.
[51] B. Cardoen, and E. Demeulemeester, "Evaluating the capacity of clinical
pathways through discrete-event simulation," FETEW Research Report
KBI_0724, 2007.
[52] C. Vasilakis, B. G. Sobolev, L. Kuramoto, and A. R. Levy, "A
simulation study of scheduling clinic appointments in surgical care:
individual surgeon versus pooled lists," Journal of the Operational
Research Society, vol. 58, pp. 202-211, 2007.
[53] J. M. Lehtonen, J. Kujala, J. Kouri, and M. Hippelainen, "Cardiac
surgery productivity and throughput improvements," International
Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 20, pp. 40-52, 2007.
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and service allocation," International Transactions in Operational
Research, vol. 7, pp. 539-568, 2000.
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crisis," Health Care Management Science, vol. 4, pp. 31-36, 2001.
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[1] S. Walston, Y. Al-Harbi, and B. Al-Omar, "The changing face of
healthcare in Saudi Arabia," Annals of Saudi Medicine, 28:243–250,
2008.
[2] Shankar Purbey, Kampan Mukherjee, and Chandan Bhar, "Performance
measurement system for healthcare processes," International Journal of
Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 56, Iss: 3, pp. 241 –
251, 2007.
[3] Key indicators. Central Department of Statistics and Information, Saudi
Arabia (online database) (http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english).
[4] J. B. Jun, S. H. Jacobson, and J. R. Swisher, “Application of discreteevent
simulation in health care clinics: A survey,” J. Oper. Res. Soc.,
Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 109–123, Feb. 1999.
[5] P. C. O'Kane, "A simulation model of a diagnostic radiology
department," European Journal of Operation Research, Vol, 6, pp. 38 –
45, 1981.
[6] Klafehn, "Impact points in patient flows through a radiology department
provided through simulation," Proceedings of the 1987 Winter
Simulation Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 914 – 918, 14 – 16 December.
[7] M. A. Coffin, G. Lassiter, B. Killingsworth, and J. W. Kleckley, "A
simulation model of an X – ray facility," 1993 SCS Western
Multiconference on Simulation: Simulation in the Health Sciences and
Services, Society for Computer Simulation, La Jolla, California, USA,
pp. 3 – 7, 17 – 20 January 1993.
[8] M. A. Centeno, C. Albacete, D. O. Terzano, M. Carrillo, and T. Ogazon,
"A simulation study of the radiology department at JMH," Proceedings
of the 2000Winter Simulation Conference, Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 1978 – 1984, 10 – 13
December 2000.
[9] J. Banks, J. S. Carson II, B. L. Nelson, and D. M. Nicol, Discrete event
system simulation, 4 edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 2004.
[10] Averill M. Law, and W. David, Simulation Modelling and Analysis, 3RD
edition, McGraw Hill Higher Education, New York, USA, 2000.
[11] David Kelton, Randall Sadowski, and Nancy Zupick, Simulation with
Arena, 5TH edition , McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 2009.
[12] S. H. Jacobson, S. N. Hall, and J. R. Swisher, "Discrete-event simulation
of health care systems, patient flow: reducing delay in healthcare
delivery", Int Ser Oper Res Manag Sci, 91, pp. 211–52, 2006.
[13] J. M. H. Vissers, "Patient flow-based allocation of inpatient resources: A
case study," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 105, pp.
356-370, 1998.
[14] L. Moreno, R. M. Aguilar, C. A. Martin, J. D. Pineiro, J. I. Estevez, J. F.
Sigut, J. L. Sanchez, and V. I. Jimenez, "Patient-centered simulation tool
for aiding in hospital management," Simulation Practice and Theory,
vol. 7, pp. 373-393, 1999.
[15] P. R. Harper, "A Framework for Operational Modelling of Hospital
Resources," Health Care Management Science, vol. 5, pp. 165-173,
2002.
[16] T. R. Rohleder, and K. J. Klassen, "Rolling Horizon Appointment
Scheduling: A Simulation Study," Health Care Management Science,
vol. 5, pp. 201-209, 2002.
[17] P. R. Harper, and A. K. Shahani, "Modelling for the planning and
management of bed capacities in hospitals," Journal of the Operational
Research Society, vol. 53, pp. 11-18, 2002.
[18] J. K. Cochran, and A. Bharti, "A multi-stage stochastic methodology for
whole hospital bed planning under peak loading," International Journal
of Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 8-36, 2006.
[19] D. Sundaramoorthi, V. C. P. Chen, J. M. Rosenberger, S. B. Kim, and D.
B. Behan, A data-integrated simulation model to evaluate nurse-patient
assignments, Technical Report IMSE 06-05, The University of Texas at
Arlington, 2006.
[20] W. J. Gutjahr, and M. S. Rauner, "An ACO algorithm for a dynamic
regional nurse-scheduling problem in Austria," Computers & Operations
Research, vol. 34, pp. 642- 666, 2007.
[21] J. M. H. Vissers, I. J. B. F. Adan, and N. P. Dellaert, "Developing a
platform for comparison of hospital admission systems: An illustration,"
European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 180, pp. 1290-1301,
2007.
[22] I. K. Altinel, and E. Ulas, "Simulation modeling for emergency bed
requirement planning," Annals of Operations Research, vol. 67, pp. 183-
210, 1996.
[23] J. T. Blake, and M. W. Carter, "An analysis of emergency room wait
time issues via computer simulation," INFOR, vol. 34, pp. 263–273,
1996.
[24] C. J. Gonzalez, M. Gonzalez, and N. M. Rios, "Improving the quality of
service in an emergency room using simulation-animation and total
quality management," Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 33, pp.
97-100, 1997.
[25] A. Bagust, M. Place, and J. W. Posnett, "Dynamics of bed use in
accommodating emergency admissions: stochastic simulation model,"
BMJ, vol. 319, pp. 155-158, 1999.
[26] D. C. Lane, C. Monefeldt, and J. V. Rosenhead, "Looking in the wrong
place for healthcare improvements: A system dynamics study of an
accident and emergency department," Journal of the Operational
Research Society, vol. 51, pp. 518-531, 2000.
[27] R. Ashton, L. Hague, M. Brandreth, D. Worthington, and S. Cropper, "A
simulation-based study of a NHS Walk-in Centre," Journal of the
Operational Research Society, vol. 56, pp. 153-161, 2005
[28] D. Sinreich, and Y. N. Marmor, "Emergency Departments Operations:
The Basis for Developing a Simulation Tool," IIE Transactions, vol. 37,
pp. 233-245, 2005.
[29] J.-Y. Yeh, and W.-S. Lin, "Using simulation technique and genetic
algorithm to improve the quality care of a hospital emergency
department," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 32, pp. 1073-1083,
2007.
[30] N. R. Hoot, L. J. Leblanc, I. Jones, S. R. Levin, C. Zhou, C. S. Gadd,
and D. Aronsky, "Forecasting Emergency Department Crowding: A
Discrete Event Simulation," Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 52, pp.
116-125, 2008.
[31] Nabeel Mandahawi; Sameh Al-Shihabi; Abdallah A. Abdallah, and
Yousuf M. Alfarah, "Reducing waiting time at an emergency department
using design for Six Sigma and discrete event simulation," Int. J. Six
Sigma and Competitive Advantage, vol. 6, Nos. 1/2, pp. 91 – 104, 2010.
[32] Lee-Min Wang, Shao-Jen Weng, Chun-Yueh Chang, Bing-Chuin
Cheng, and Shu Ting Kwong, "Simulation Optimization for Emergency
Department Resources Allocation," Proceedings of the 2011 Winter
Simulation Conference, pp. 1231 – 1238, 2011.
[33] Zhen Zeng, Xiaoji Ma, Yao Hu, Jingshan Li, and Deborah Bryant, "A
simulation study to improve quality of care in the emergency department
of a community hospital," Journal of emergency nursing, vol. 38, issue
4, pp. 322 – 328, 2012.
[34] E. El-Darzi, C. Vasilakis, T. Chaussalet, and P. H. Millard, "A
simulation modelling approach to evaluating length of stay, occupancy,
emptiness and bed blocking in a hospital geriatric department," Health
Care Management Science, vol. 1, pp. 143-149, 1998.
[35] J. Bowers, and G. Mould, "Ambulatory Care and Orthopaedic Capacity
Planning," Health Care Management Science, vol. 8, pp. 41-47, 2005.
[36] L. V. Green, S. Savin, and B. Wang, "Managing Patient Service in a
Diagnostic Medical Facility," Operations Research, vol. 54, pp. 11-25,
2006.
[37] J. P. Oddoye, D. F. Jones, M. Tamiz, and P. Schmidt, "Combining
simulation and goal programming for healthcare planning in a medical
assessment unit," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 193,
pp. 250-261, 2009.
[38] J. C. Ridge, S. K. Jones, M. S. Nielsen, and A. K. Shahani, "Capacity
planning for intensive care units," European Journal of Operational
Research, vol. 105, pp. 346-355, 1998.
[39] S.-C. Kim, I. Horowitz, K. K. Young, and T. A. Buckley, "Analysis of
capacity management of the intensive care unit in a hospital," European
Journal of Operational Research, vol. 115, pp. 36-46, 1999.
[40] S.-C. Kim, I. Horowitz, K. K. Young and T. A. Buckley, "Flexible bed
allocation and performance in the intensive care unit," Journal of
Operations Management, vol. 18, pp. 427-443, 2000.
[41] S.-C. Kim, and I. Horowitz, "Scheduling hospital services: the efficacy
of electivesurgery quotas," Omega, vol. 30, pp. 335-346, 2002.
[42] N. Litvak, M. Van Rijsbergen, R. J. Boucherie and M. Van
Houdenhoven, "Managing the overflow of intensive care patients,"
European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 185, pp. 998-1010,
2008.
[43] W. E. Mcaleer, J. A. Turner, D. Lismore and I. A. Naqvi, "Simulation of
a hospital’s theatre suite," Journal of Management in Medicine, vol. 9,
pp. 14-26, 1995.
[44] F. Dexter, A. Macario, R. D. Traub, M. Hopwood, and D. A. Lubarsky, "An Operating Room Scheduling Strategy to Maximize the Use of
Operating Room Block Time: Computer Simulation of Patient
Scheduling and Survey of Patients," Preferences for Surgical Waiting
Time. Anesth Analg, vol. 89, pp. 7-20, 1999.
[45] J. E. Everett, "A Decision Support Simulation Model for the
Management of an Elective Surgery Waiting System," Health Care
Management Science, vol. 5, pp. 89-95, 2002.
[46] D. C. Tyler, C. A. Pasquariello, and C.-H. Chen, "Determining Optimum
Operating Room Utilisation," Anesth Analg, vol. 96, pp. 1114-1121,
2003.
[47] J. Bowers, and G. Mould, "Managing uncertainty in orthopaedic trauma
theatres," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 154, pp. 599-
608, 2004.
[48] A. Sciomachen, E. Tanfani, and A. Testi, "Simulation model for optimal
schedules of operating theatres," International Journal of Simulation,
vol. 6, pp. 26-34, 2005.
[49] A. Jebali, A. B. Hadj Alouane, and P. Ladet, "Operating rooms
scheduling," International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 99,
pp. 52-62, 2006.
[50] M. Lamiri, X. Xie, A. Dolgui. and F. Grimaud, "A stochastic model for
operating room planning with elective and emergency demand for
surgery," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 185, pp.
1026-1037, 2008.
[51] B. Cardoen, and E. Demeulemeester, "Evaluating the capacity of clinical
pathways through discrete-event simulation," FETEW Research Report
KBI_0724, 2007.
[52] C. Vasilakis, B. G. Sobolev, L. Kuramoto, and A. R. Levy, "A
simulation study of scheduling clinic appointments in surgical care:
individual surgeon versus pooled lists," Journal of the Operational
Research Society, vol. 58, pp. 202-211, 2007.
[53] J. M. Lehtonen, J. Kujala, J. Kouri, and M. Hippelainen, "Cardiac
surgery productivity and throughput improvements," International
Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 20, pp. 40-52, 2007.
[54] S. C. K. Chu, and L. Chu, "A modeling framework for hospital location
and service allocation," International Transactions in Operational
Research, vol. 7, pp. 539-568, 2000.
[55] C. Vasilakis, and E. El-Darzi, "A simulation study of the winter bed
crisis," Health Care Management Science, vol. 4, pp. 31-36, 2001.
[56] F. Pasin, M. H. Jobin, and J. F. Cordeau, "An application of simulation
to analyse resource sharing among health-care organizations,"
International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 22,
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@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:68824", author = "Mwafak Shakoor", title = "Using Discrete Event Simulation Approach to Reduce Waiting Times in Computed Tomography Radiology Department", abstract = "The purpose of this study was to reduce patient
waiting times, improve system throughput and improve resources
utilization in radiology department. A discrete event simulation
model was developed using Arena simulation software to investigate
different alternatives to improve the overall system delivery based on
adding resource scenarios due to the linkage between patient waiting
times and resource availability. The study revealed that there is no
addition investment need to procure additional scanner but hospital
management deploy managerial tactics to enhance machine
utilization and reduce the long waiting time in the department.
", keywords = "Arena, Computed Tomography (CT), Discrete event
simulation, Healthcare modeling, Radiology department, Waiting
time.", volume = "9", number = "1", pages = "170-5", }
