Use of Pesticides and Their Role in Environmental Pollution
Insect pests are the major source of crop
damage, yield and quality reduction in Pakistan and else
where in the world. Cotton crop is the most hit crop in
Pakistan followed by rice and the second most important
foreign exchange earning crop. A wide variety of staple,
horticultural and cash crops grown, reflect serious problems of
many types of insect pests. To overcome the insect pest
problem, pesticide use in Pakistan has increased substantially
which has now been further intensified. Pesticides worth more
than billions of rupees are imported every year. This paper
reviews the over all pesticide use in Pakistan in relation to
pesticide prices, support price of cotton and rice, pesticide use
in different provinces of Pakistan on different crops and their
impact on crop productivity. The environmental pollution
caused by the use of pesticides, contamination of soil and
water resources and the danger associated with the disposal of
their empty containers is also discussed in detail.
[1] I. Ahmad and A. Poswal, "Cotton integrated pest management in
Pakistan: Current status. Country report presented in cotton IPM
planning and curriculum workshop" organized by FAO, Bangkok,
Thailand, February 28-match 2, 2000.
[2] MINFAL, "Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad,2006.
[3] M. Salim, S. A. Masud and M. Ramzan, "Integrated Insect pest
management of Basmati rice in Pakistan," PP: 149-162. In: Specificity
Rices of The Word: Breeding, Production and Marketing/Tech. Eds.
Ram C. Chaudhary, D. V. Tran; editor, R. Duffy; FAO, Rome, Italy PP:
358. 2001.
[4] M. A. Poswal and S. Williamson, "Stepping of the cotton pesticide
treadmill: Preliminary finding from a farmers- participatory cotton IPM
training project in Pakistan," CABI Bioscience Centre, Rawalpindi,
1998.
[5] A. Rehman, M. H. Soomro and I. Ahmad, "Rational use of pesticides,"
The News, Islamabad, June 5, 2000.
[6] M. Sharif Zia, M. Jamil, M. Qasim and A. Rahman, " Pesticide residue
in the food chain and human body inside Pakistan," Journal of Chemical
Society, Pakistan, 31 (2), April, 2009.
[7] S. I. Chaudhry, "Plant Protection: Paper presented at the 2nd
Agricultural research Conference," PARC, Islamabad, October 24-27,
1981.
[8] N. Habib, "Invisible farmers: a case study on the role of women in
agriculture and the impact of pesticides on them," Khoj Research and
Publications Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, pp 129. 1996.
[9] A. Rehman, "Plant Protection Problems and Pesticide Use Policy of
Pakistan," PAK/99/002, UNDP/FAO/GOP, Islamabad, Pakistan. pp 82,
2001.
[10] M Elahi, "An economic analysis of main factors contributing to the high
productivity of cotton: A case study in District Jhang," M.Sc Thesis.
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 1998.
[11] M. Ahmad, B. Ahmad, M. Hussain and M. Iqbal, "Economics of plant
protection," The case of cotton. Pak. Entomol. Vol. 18, pp. 25-31. 1996.
[12] M. Javed, "A study of productivity differential between progressive and
non-progressive farmers in cotton crop," A case study of Bahawalpur
District. 1989.
[13] M. S. Zia, "Soil Fertility evaluation and management of low land rice
soils of Pakistan. Doctor of Agriculture Dissertation," Faculty of
Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan. 1990.
[14] Rice Annual Report, "Effect of Padan on productivity of rice (Basmati
385)," Annual Report of Rice Program, NARC, Islamabad, 1993.
[15] Rice Annual Report, "Effect of different insecticides on paddy yield of
Super basmati," Annual Report of Rice Program, NARC, Islamabad,
2004.
[16] M. Salim, "Misuse of insecticides," The Nation, Islamabad. January, 3,
1999.
[17] T. Hasnain, "Pesticide use and its impact on crop ecologies: issues and
options,- SDPI working paper series # 42. SDPI, Islamabad, pp73.
1999.
[18] M. Irshad, "Disposal of pesticides,- The Nation, Lahore, June 20, 1999.
[19] FAO, "Policy and strategy for rational use of pesticides in Pakistan.
Food and Agriculture Organization/Global IPM Facility,"United
Nations development Programme, Govt of Pakistan, 2001.
[20] K. Ahad, A. Mohammad, F. Mehboob, A. Sattar, and I. Ahmad,
"Pesticide residues in rawal lake, Islamabad, Pakistan," Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Vol. 76, pp. 463-470. 2006.
[21] Nisar, M., M. Mumtaz and M. M. Baig, "Contamination of paddy
ecosystem with aerially sprayed DDT formulation. In: Proc. World
Environment Day," Dept. Zool. Univ. Kar. June 6. Special supplement.
Pakistan Journ. Ent. Soc. Karachi, 1987.
[22] K. Mehta, "Sustainable Agriculture-Can it Provide Enough Quality Food
to Our People? Proceedings of the national seminar on sustainable
Agricultural Development," Voluntary Health Association of India,"
New Delhi, pp72-78. 1991.
[1] I. Ahmad and A. Poswal, "Cotton integrated pest management in
Pakistan: Current status. Country report presented in cotton IPM
planning and curriculum workshop" organized by FAO, Bangkok,
Thailand, February 28-match 2, 2000.
[2] MINFAL, "Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad,2006.
[3] M. Salim, S. A. Masud and M. Ramzan, "Integrated Insect pest
management of Basmati rice in Pakistan," PP: 149-162. In: Specificity
Rices of The Word: Breeding, Production and Marketing/Tech. Eds.
Ram C. Chaudhary, D. V. Tran; editor, R. Duffy; FAO, Rome, Italy PP:
358. 2001.
[4] M. A. Poswal and S. Williamson, "Stepping of the cotton pesticide
treadmill: Preliminary finding from a farmers- participatory cotton IPM
training project in Pakistan," CABI Bioscience Centre, Rawalpindi,
1998.
[5] A. Rehman, M. H. Soomro and I. Ahmad, "Rational use of pesticides,"
The News, Islamabad, June 5, 2000.
[6] M. Sharif Zia, M. Jamil, M. Qasim and A. Rahman, " Pesticide residue
in the food chain and human body inside Pakistan," Journal of Chemical
Society, Pakistan, 31 (2), April, 2009.
[7] S. I. Chaudhry, "Plant Protection: Paper presented at the 2nd
Agricultural research Conference," PARC, Islamabad, October 24-27,
1981.
[8] N. Habib, "Invisible farmers: a case study on the role of women in
agriculture and the impact of pesticides on them," Khoj Research and
Publications Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, pp 129. 1996.
[9] A. Rehman, "Plant Protection Problems and Pesticide Use Policy of
Pakistan," PAK/99/002, UNDP/FAO/GOP, Islamabad, Pakistan. pp 82,
2001.
[10] M Elahi, "An economic analysis of main factors contributing to the high
productivity of cotton: A case study in District Jhang," M.Sc Thesis.
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 1998.
[11] M. Ahmad, B. Ahmad, M. Hussain and M. Iqbal, "Economics of plant
protection," The case of cotton. Pak. Entomol. Vol. 18, pp. 25-31. 1996.
[12] M. Javed, "A study of productivity differential between progressive and
non-progressive farmers in cotton crop," A case study of Bahawalpur
District. 1989.
[13] M. S. Zia, "Soil Fertility evaluation and management of low land rice
soils of Pakistan. Doctor of Agriculture Dissertation," Faculty of
Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan. 1990.
[14] Rice Annual Report, "Effect of Padan on productivity of rice (Basmati
385)," Annual Report of Rice Program, NARC, Islamabad, 1993.
[15] Rice Annual Report, "Effect of different insecticides on paddy yield of
Super basmati," Annual Report of Rice Program, NARC, Islamabad,
2004.
[16] M. Salim, "Misuse of insecticides," The Nation, Islamabad. January, 3,
1999.
[17] T. Hasnain, "Pesticide use and its impact on crop ecologies: issues and
options,- SDPI working paper series # 42. SDPI, Islamabad, pp73.
1999.
[18] M. Irshad, "Disposal of pesticides,- The Nation, Lahore, June 20, 1999.
[19] FAO, "Policy and strategy for rational use of pesticides in Pakistan.
Food and Agriculture Organization/Global IPM Facility,"United
Nations development Programme, Govt of Pakistan, 2001.
[20] K. Ahad, A. Mohammad, F. Mehboob, A. Sattar, and I. Ahmad,
"Pesticide residues in rawal lake, Islamabad, Pakistan," Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Vol. 76, pp. 463-470. 2006.
[21] Nisar, M., M. Mumtaz and M. M. Baig, "Contamination of paddy
ecosystem with aerially sprayed DDT formulation. In: Proc. World
Environment Day," Dept. Zool. Univ. Kar. June 6. Special supplement.
Pakistan Journ. Ent. Soc. Karachi, 1987.
[22] K. Mehta, "Sustainable Agriculture-Can it Provide Enough Quality Food
to Our People? Proceedings of the national seminar on sustainable
Agricultural Development," Voluntary Health Association of India,"
New Delhi, pp72-78. 1991.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:51344", author = "Muhammad Jamil Khan and Muhammad Sharif Zia and Muhammad Qasim", title = "Use of Pesticides and Their Role in Environmental Pollution", abstract = "Insect pests are the major source of crop
damage, yield and quality reduction in Pakistan and else
where in the world. Cotton crop is the most hit crop in
Pakistan followed by rice and the second most important
foreign exchange earning crop. A wide variety of staple,
horticultural and cash crops grown, reflect serious problems of
many types of insect pests. To overcome the insect pest
problem, pesticide use in Pakistan has increased substantially
which has now been further intensified. Pesticides worth more
than billions of rupees are imported every year. This paper
reviews the over all pesticide use in Pakistan in relation to
pesticide prices, support price of cotton and rice, pesticide use
in different provinces of Pakistan on different crops and their
impact on crop productivity. The environmental pollution
caused by the use of pesticides, contamination of soil and
water resources and the danger associated with the disposal of
their empty containers is also discussed in detail.", keywords = "Pesticide use, crop productivity, environmentalpollution", volume = "4", number = "12", pages = "628-7", }
