Urban Environmental Challenges in Developing Cities: The Case of Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa is a seat of African Union (AU), United
Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UN-ECA) and hundreds of
embassies and consular representatives. Addis Ababa is one of the
highest capitals in the world with an average 2400 meters above sea
level. It is dichotomous city with a blend of modern high-rise and
deteriorating slum quarters. Water supply and sanitation, waste
management and housing are continuing to be serious problems.
Forest wood based domestic energy use as well as uncontrolled
emissions from mobile and fixed sources has endangered the state of
the urban environment. Analysis based on satellite imagery has
revealed the deteriorating urban environment within the last three
decades. The recently restructured city administration has brought
improvements in the condition of the urban environment. However,
the overwhelming size of the challenges faced by the city dwarfed
their fairly good results.
[1] Selamta, The City of Addis Ababa,2008
<http://www.selamta.net/addis_ababa.htm>
[2] AACA, Addis Ababa City Administration, Addis Ababa City
Profile,2008,<http://www.addisababacity.gov.et/index.php?option=com
_content&task=view&id=188&Item id=189 >
[3] CSA, Central Statistics Agency, Urban Employment Unemployment
Survey Report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2007.
[4] Fasil, G., "Architectural Features of Addis Ababa," In: Habtu, H (Eds),
Addis Ababa in the Past and Its Prospects in the New Millennium. Addis
Ababa Millennium Secretariat, Addis Ababa, pp52-55.
[5] Bigio, G. and Dahiya, B., "Urban Environment and Infrastructure,
towards Livable Cities," The World Bank, USA,2004
[6] UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlement Program, the Challenge
of Slum - UN-Habitat's Global Report on Human Settlements. Nairobi,
Kenya,2003
[7] ORAAMP, Office of the Revision of Addis Ababa Master Plan,2008
http://www.telecom.net.et/~aamp/Housing.htm
[8] Azeb, K ., Housing for the Poor in Addis Ababa,
2005,<http://www.hdm.lth.se/fileadmin/hdm/alumni/papers/sdd2006/sdd
2006-12.pdf>
[9] UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlement Program. Situation
Analysis of Informal Settlements in Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Kenya,2007
[10] Mihiret, A., The City of Addis Ababa: Policy Options for The
Governance and Management of a City with Multiple Identity, Discussion
Paper, Forum for Social Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,1999.
[11] Tadesse, K (2004) Dry Waste Management in Addis Ababa City,
Teaching Workshop on Accounting for Urban Environment, 5-6th
January, 1999, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
[12] Horst, A (2006) Rehabilitation of Urban Forests in Addis Ababa, Journal
of The Dry Lands, vol.1 no.2, pp.108-117.
[13] UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlement Program (2008) The
State of African Cities 2008, East African Cities, Nairobi, Kenya.
[14] Thomassen, O, Brattebo, G and Rostrup, M., Carbon Mono-oxide
poisoning while Using Small Cooking Stove in a Tent. The American
Journal of Emergency Medicine vol. 22 no.3, pp.204-206,2004.
[15] UNEP, United Nations Environment Program (2008) Addis Ababa
Highlights vol.5, no.8, pp1-8.
[16] AACTA, Addis Ababa City Transport Authority. Facts about Addis
Ababa City Transport,2008 http://www.telecom.net.et/~aata/
[17] AARA, Addis Ababa Road Authority, The Roads of Addis Ababa. In:
Habtu, H (Eds), Addis Ababa in the Past and Its Prospects in the New
Millennium. Addis Ababa Millennium Secretariat, Addis Ababa,
pp120-122, 2007.
[18] City Mayor (2005) The 2005 Contest,
http://www.citymayors.com/worldmayor/world_mayor05.html
[19] UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlement Program, Situation
Analysis of Informal Settlements in Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Kenya, 2007.
[20] Capital News Paper Archive (2008) City Revise Title deed Tariff,
<http://www.capitalethiopia.com/archive/2008/november/week1/>
[21] Yintiso, G., "Urban Development and Displacement in Addis Ababa: The
Impact of Resettlement Projects on Low-Income Households," Journal of
Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, vol.24,no.2, pp.
53-77,2008
[1] Selamta, The City of Addis Ababa,2008
<http://www.selamta.net/addis_ababa.htm>
[2] AACA, Addis Ababa City Administration, Addis Ababa City
Profile,2008,<http://www.addisababacity.gov.et/index.php?option=com
_content&task=view&id=188&Item id=189 >
[3] CSA, Central Statistics Agency, Urban Employment Unemployment
Survey Report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2007.
[4] Fasil, G., "Architectural Features of Addis Ababa," In: Habtu, H (Eds),
Addis Ababa in the Past and Its Prospects in the New Millennium. Addis
Ababa Millennium Secretariat, Addis Ababa, pp52-55.
[5] Bigio, G. and Dahiya, B., "Urban Environment and Infrastructure,
towards Livable Cities," The World Bank, USA,2004
[6] UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlement Program, the Challenge
of Slum - UN-Habitat's Global Report on Human Settlements. Nairobi,
Kenya,2003
[7] ORAAMP, Office of the Revision of Addis Ababa Master Plan,2008
http://www.telecom.net.et/~aamp/Housing.htm
[8] Azeb, K ., Housing for the Poor in Addis Ababa,
2005,<http://www.hdm.lth.se/fileadmin/hdm/alumni/papers/sdd2006/sdd
2006-12.pdf>
[9] UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlement Program. Situation
Analysis of Informal Settlements in Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Kenya,2007
[10] Mihiret, A., The City of Addis Ababa: Policy Options for The
Governance and Management of a City with Multiple Identity, Discussion
Paper, Forum for Social Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,1999.
[11] Tadesse, K (2004) Dry Waste Management in Addis Ababa City,
Teaching Workshop on Accounting for Urban Environment, 5-6th
January, 1999, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
[12] Horst, A (2006) Rehabilitation of Urban Forests in Addis Ababa, Journal
of The Dry Lands, vol.1 no.2, pp.108-117.
[13] UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlement Program (2008) The
State of African Cities 2008, East African Cities, Nairobi, Kenya.
[14] Thomassen, O, Brattebo, G and Rostrup, M., Carbon Mono-oxide
poisoning while Using Small Cooking Stove in a Tent. The American
Journal of Emergency Medicine vol. 22 no.3, pp.204-206,2004.
[15] UNEP, United Nations Environment Program (2008) Addis Ababa
Highlights vol.5, no.8, pp1-8.
[16] AACTA, Addis Ababa City Transport Authority. Facts about Addis
Ababa City Transport,2008 http://www.telecom.net.et/~aata/
[17] AARA, Addis Ababa Road Authority, The Roads of Addis Ababa. In:
Habtu, H (Eds), Addis Ababa in the Past and Its Prospects in the New
Millennium. Addis Ababa Millennium Secretariat, Addis Ababa,
pp120-122, 2007.
[18] City Mayor (2005) The 2005 Contest,
http://www.citymayors.com/worldmayor/world_mayor05.html
[19] UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlement Program, Situation
Analysis of Informal Settlements in Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Kenya, 2007.
[20] Capital News Paper Archive (2008) City Revise Title deed Tariff,
<http://www.capitalethiopia.com/archive/2008/november/week1/>
[21] Yintiso, G., "Urban Development and Displacement in Addis Ababa: The
Impact of Resettlement Projects on Low-Income Households," Journal of
Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, vol.24,no.2, pp.
53-77,2008
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:61564", author = "Dubbale Daniel A. and Tsutsumi J. and Michael J. Bendewald", title = "Urban Environmental Challenges in Developing Cities: The Case of Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa", abstract = "Addis Ababa is a seat of African Union (AU), United
Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UN-ECA) and hundreds of
embassies and consular representatives. Addis Ababa is one of the
highest capitals in the world with an average 2400 meters above sea
level. It is dichotomous city with a blend of modern high-rise and
deteriorating slum quarters. Water supply and sanitation, waste
management and housing are continuing to be serious problems.
Forest wood based domestic energy use as well as uncontrolled
emissions from mobile and fixed sources has endangered the state of
the urban environment. Analysis based on satellite imagery has
revealed the deteriorating urban environment within the last three
decades. The recently restructured city administration has brought
improvements in the condition of the urban environment. However,
the overwhelming size of the challenges faced by the city dwarfed
their fairly good results.", keywords = "Addis Ababa, Urban environment, Slum, Housing,Relocation", volume = "4", number = "6", pages = "233-6", }
