Towards Achieving Energy Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is currently one of the dynamically
developing states in its region. The stable growth in all sectors of the
economy leads to a corresponding increase in energy consumption.
Thus country consumes significant amount of energy due to the high
level of industrialisation and the presence of energy-intensive
manufacturing such as mining and metallurgy which in turn leads to
low energy efficiency. With allowance for this the Government has
set several priorities to adopt a transition of Republic of Kazakhstan
to a “green economy”. This article provides an overview of
Kazakhstan’s energy efficiency situation in for the period of 1991-
2014. First, the dynamics of production and consumption of
conventional energy resources are given. Second, the potential of
renewable energy sources is summarised followed by the description
of GHG emissions trends in the country. Third, Kazakhstan’ national
initiatives, policies and locally implemented projects in the field of
energy efficiency are described.

• Aigerim Uyzbayeva
• Valeriya Tyo
• Nurlan Ibrayev

• Energy efficiency in Kazakhstan
• greenhouse gases
• renewable energy
• sustainable development.

[1] Ministry of Environment and Water resources of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, “Concept for transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to
Green Economy,” 2013.
[2] BP Statistical Review of World Energy, retrieved from
http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy-economics/statisticalreview-
2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-fullreport.
pdf., 2014.
[3] International Energy Agency country report
[4] Ministry of Oil and Gas of the Republic of Kazakhstan retrieved from
http://mgm.gov.kz/?lang=en, 2014.
[5] US Energy Information Administration, retrieved from
http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/Kazakhstan/kazakhstan.pdf,
2013.
[6] E. Palazuelos and R.Fernandez, “Kazakhstan: Oil endowment and oil
empowerment. Communist and Post-Communist Studies,” Volume 45,
Issues 1–2, March–June 2012, p. 27–37.
[7] M. Kaiser and A. Pulsipher, “A review of the oil and gas sector in
Kazakhstan,” Energy Policy 35, 2007, p.1300-1314.
[8] J. Conway, “The risk is in the relationship (not the country): Political
risk management in the uranium industry in Kazakhstan,” Energy
Policy, Volume 56, May 2012, p.201-209.
[9] International Atomic Energy Agency, retrieved from
http://www.iaea.org/, 2014.
[10] Kazatomprom, retrieved from http://www.kazatomprom.kz/en/, 2014.
[11] World Nuclear Association, retrieved from http://www.worldnuclear.
org/, 2014.
[12] World Bank, retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/, 2014.
[13] Ministry of Environment and Water resources of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, “Concept for transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to
Green Economy,” 2013.
[14] UNDP/GEF, and Government of Kazakhstan “Prospective of Wind
Power Development in Kazakhstan”, Almaty, 2006, p. 8.
[15] Wind energy, retrieved from http://www.windenergy.kz/files/
1260181884_file.pdf, 2014.
[16] Kazenergy, retrieved from http://www.kazenergy.com/ru/2-44-45-
2011/1473-2011-07-29-17-55-58.html, 2014.
[17] National Atlas of Kazakhstan, V.1, chapter 6, 2014.
[18] “Building Climatology” building code, SNiP 23.01-99, p.69.
[19] Samruk-energy news available at http://www.zakon.kz/4622232-
anglijjskaja-kompanija-namerena.html
[20] H.Borhanazad, S.Mekhilef et al., “Potential application of renewable
energy for rural electrification in Malaysia,” Renewable energy 59, 210-
219, 2013, p.215.
[21] Low-carbon Development in Central Asia, retrieved from
http://www.led-ca.net/vozobnovlyaemyie-istochnikienergii/
gidroenergetika, 2014.
[22] National Public Institute on green economy available at
http://greenkaz.org/index.php/ru/vse-kategorii/63-analiticheskayabaza/
367-zelenaya-ekonomika-v-kazakhstane
[23] Energy partner website available at http://www.energypartner.kz/
index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29&Itemid=38&lang
=ru
[24] E.Zh. Murtazin, M.A. Mukhamedzhanov, V.D. Vyalov, “Perspectives of
geothermal water use as alternative energy source”.
[25] B. Nakomicc-Smaragdakis, T. Stajic et al, “Geothermal energy
potentials in the province of Vojvodina from the aspect of the direct
energy utilization,” Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 16
920120 5696-5706, p. 5703.
[26] V. Petruk “Geothermal sources will enable Kazakhstan to comply with
targets set by Kyoto Protocol,” retrieved from http://nbrkz.
com/zhaalytar-mraaty/349-geotermalnye-istochniki-pomogutkazahstanu-
effektivnee-vpisatsya-v-kiotskiy-protokol.html.
[27] Strategy Kazakhstan-2050, retrieved from http://www.akorda.kz/
en/page/page_address-by-the-president-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstanleader-
of-the-nation-n-nazarbayev-%E2%80%9Cstrategy-kazakhstan-
2050%E2%80%9D-new-political-course-of-the-establishedstate%
E2%80%9D_1356091973, 2012.
[28] MCED-6, retrieved from http://mced6.org/en/, 2010.
[29] Action Plan, retrieved from http://online.zakon.kz/Document/
?doc_id=31432000, 2013.
[30] Energy Efficiency 2020, retrieved from http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/
P1300000904, 2013.
[31] Promotion of Energy-Efficient Lighting in Kazakhstan, retrieved from
http://www.undp.kz/projects/start.html?redir=center_view&id=249,
2014.
[32] Energy-Efficient Design and Construction of Residential Buildings,
retrieved from http://www.undp.kz/projects/start.html?
redir=center_view&id=221, 2014.
[33] Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water
Supply, retrieved from http://www.undp.kz/projects/
start.html?redir=center_view&id=172, 2014.
[34] Energy Efficiency Project, retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/
projects/P130013/energy-efficiency-project?lang=en, 2014.