Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination in Sediment and Wastewater from the Imam Khomeini and Razi Petrochemical Companies- Iran
The present study was performed in Musa bay (northern part of the Persian Gulf) around the coastal area of Bandare-Imam Khomeini and Razi Petrochemical Companies. Sediment samples and effluent samples were collected from the selected stations, from June 2009 to June 2010. The samples were analyzed to determine the degree of hydrocarbon contamination. The average level of TPH concentration in the study area was more than the natural background value at all of the stations, especially at station BI1 which was the main effluent outlet of Bandar-e- Imam Khomeini petrochemical company. Also the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon was monitored in the effluents of aforementioned petrochemical companies and the results showed that the concentration of TPH in the effluents of Bandar-e- Imam Khomeini petrochemical company was greater than Razi petrochemical company which is may be related to the products of Bandar-e- Imam Khomeini petrochemical company (aromatics, polymers, chemicals, fuel).
[1] Al-Awadhi, F. (1999). The Year of the Ocean and its crucial importance
to the Gulf 1. Desalination, 123(2-3), 127-133.
[2] Al-Awadhi, F. M. A. (1999). The Year of the Ocean and its crucial importance to the Gulf. [doi: 10.1016/S0011-9164(99)00066-1].
Desalination, 123(2-3), 127-133.
[3] Azymyan, A. (1987). Main problems of traditional predation in Khuzestan province.
[4] Baker, J. M. (1976). Marine ecology and oil pollution.
[5] BIPC. (2010). from Imam Khomeini Petrochemical company,
http://www.bipc.org
[6] De Mora, S., Tolosa, I., Fowler, S. W., Villeneuve, J. P., Cassi, R., &
Cattini, C. (2010). Distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons and organochlorinated contaminants in marine biota and coastal sediments
from the ROPME Sea Area during 2005. Marine pollution bulletin, 60(12), 2323-2349.
[7] Deppe, F. (1999). Intertidal Mudflats Worldwide. Practical course at the
Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS) in Wilhelmshaven 1st June-
30th September.
[8] Deppe, F. (2000). Intertidal Mudflats Worldwide. Common Wadden Sea
Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, 100.
[9] Esmaeli Sari, A. (2002). Pollutants, Health and Standard in environment.
Tarbiat Modares University press, Tehran, Iran, 112-143.
[10] M. S. Massoud, a., , F. Al-Abdalib, A. N. Al-Ghadbanb and M. Al-
Sarawia. (1996). Bottom sediments of the Arabian Gulf--II. TPH and
TOC contents as indicators of oil pollution and implications for the
effect and fate of the Kuwait oil slick. ELSEVIER.
[11] Makhdum, M. (1995). Living In The Environment Tehran University.
[12] Malmasi, S., Jozi, S., Monavari, S., & Jafarian, M. (2010). Ecological
Impact Analysis on Mahshahr Petrochemical Industries Using Analytic
Hierarchy Process Method. International Journal of Environmental
Research, 4(4), 725-734.
[13] Massoud, M., Al-Abdali, F., Al-Ghadban, A., & Al-Sarawi, M. (1996).
Bottom sediments of the Arabian Gulf--II. TPH and TOC contents as
indicators of oil pollution and implications for the effect and fate of the
Kuwait oil slick. Environmental Pollution, 93(3), 271-284.
[14] Mirsadeghi, S. A., Zakaria, M. P., Yap, C. K., & Shahbazi, A. (2011).
Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle (Anadara granosa) and
exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of
Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(2), 336-345.
[15] Monavari, S. M. (2001). Environmental impact assessment guidelines
for petrochemical plants. DOE press(Tehran, Iran), pp. 6- 7.
[16] Mooraki, N., Esmaeli Sari, A., Soltani, M., & Valinassab, T. (2008).
Spatial distribution and assemblage structure of macrobenthos in a tidal
creek in relation to industrial activities. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech, 6, 651-
662.
[17] Mostajabi, A. (2008). Analysis of environmental impact of
petrochemical industries. http://www.npcrt.ir.
[18] Nabavy, S. B. (1992). Identification of marobenthos assemblages in
Mahshahr Creeks and their trophic roles in the aquatic system.
[19] Nadal, M., Schuhmacher, M., & Domingo, J. L. (2011). Long-term
environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants and metals in
a chemical/petrochemical area: Human health risks. Environmental
Pollution.
[20] Nadim, F., Bagtzoglou, A. C., & Iranmahboob, J. (2008). Coastal
management in the Persian Gulf region within the framework of the
ROPME programme of action. Ocean & Coastal Management, 51(7),
556-565.
[21] NOAA. (1991). (National Ocean and Atmospheric
Administration).Second summary of data on chemical contaminants in
sediments from the National Status and Trends Program. NOAA
Technical Memorandum. NOAA Technical Memorandum. NOS OMA
59, Rockville, MD., 331.
[22] Parsamanesh, A. (1994). Hydrobiological survey of Khoozestan
Province estuaries. Irainian Fisheries Reasearch Organization, 70.
[23] Pasandeh, N. (2006). Electrical generation from tidal power in bandar-eimam
Khomeini Paper presented at the 7th international conference on
coasts ,ports and marine structures (ICOPMAS).
[24] PETZONE. (2001). Study of economic special zone estuary
improvement, Mahshahr economic special zone press, Mahshahr,
Iran,No.1.
[25] Price, A. (1998). Impact of the 1991 Gulf War on the coastal
environment and ecosystems: current status and future prospects.
Environment international, 24(1-2), 91-96.
[26] Purokhshoori. (1999). Musa creek or Musa bay. Seasonal magazine of
Environment, 80.
[27] RIPI. (2004). contamination of the marine environment from industrial
discharges Research Institute Of Petroleum industry.
[28] Rooney, P. (2005). Factors that influence the petrochemical industry in
the Middle East. Middle East Economic Survey, 48, 23.
[29] ROPME. (1999). Manual of Oceanographic Observation and Pollutant
Analysis Methods(MOOPAM). (Regional Organization for the
Protection of the Marine Environment, Kuwait).
[30] RPC. (2010). from Razi Petrochemical Company, http://www.razip.com/
[31] Tolosa, I., De Mora, S. J., Fowler, S. W., Villeneuve, J. P., Bartocci, J.,
& Cattini, C. (2005). Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in marine
biota and coastal sediments from the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Marine
pollution bulletin, 50(12), 1619-1633.
[32] TPH, T. P. H. (1999). TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR TOTAL
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS (TPH).
[33] US EPA New England, R., Office of Ecosystem Protection. (2010).
Appendix III - Effluent Limits and Monitoring Requirements by Sub-
Category | Draft Remediation General Permit for Massachusetts and
New Hampshire. from http://www.epa.gov/region1/npdes/2005rgp.html
[34] Wake, H. (2005). Oil refineries: a review of their ecological impacts on
the aquatic environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 62(1-2),
131-140.
[1] Al-Awadhi, F. (1999). The Year of the Ocean and its crucial importance
to the Gulf 1. Desalination, 123(2-3), 127-133.
[2] Al-Awadhi, F. M. A. (1999). The Year of the Ocean and its crucial importance to the Gulf. [doi: 10.1016/S0011-9164(99)00066-1].
Desalination, 123(2-3), 127-133.
[3] Azymyan, A. (1987). Main problems of traditional predation in Khuzestan province.
[4] Baker, J. M. (1976). Marine ecology and oil pollution.
[5] BIPC. (2010). from Imam Khomeini Petrochemical company,
http://www.bipc.org
[6] De Mora, S., Tolosa, I., Fowler, S. W., Villeneuve, J. P., Cassi, R., &
Cattini, C. (2010). Distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons and organochlorinated contaminants in marine biota and coastal sediments
from the ROPME Sea Area during 2005. Marine pollution bulletin, 60(12), 2323-2349.
[7] Deppe, F. (1999). Intertidal Mudflats Worldwide. Practical course at the
Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS) in Wilhelmshaven 1st June-
30th September.
[8] Deppe, F. (2000). Intertidal Mudflats Worldwide. Common Wadden Sea
Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, 100.
[9] Esmaeli Sari, A. (2002). Pollutants, Health and Standard in environment.
Tarbiat Modares University press, Tehran, Iran, 112-143.
[10] M. S. Massoud, a., , F. Al-Abdalib, A. N. Al-Ghadbanb and M. Al-
Sarawia. (1996). Bottom sediments of the Arabian Gulf--II. TPH and
TOC contents as indicators of oil pollution and implications for the
effect and fate of the Kuwait oil slick. ELSEVIER.
[11] Makhdum, M. (1995). Living In The Environment Tehran University.
[12] Malmasi, S., Jozi, S., Monavari, S., & Jafarian, M. (2010). Ecological
Impact Analysis on Mahshahr Petrochemical Industries Using Analytic
Hierarchy Process Method. International Journal of Environmental
Research, 4(4), 725-734.
[13] Massoud, M., Al-Abdali, F., Al-Ghadban, A., & Al-Sarawi, M. (1996).
Bottom sediments of the Arabian Gulf--II. TPH and TOC contents as
indicators of oil pollution and implications for the effect and fate of the
Kuwait oil slick. Environmental Pollution, 93(3), 271-284.
[14] Mirsadeghi, S. A., Zakaria, M. P., Yap, C. K., & Shahbazi, A. (2011).
Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle (Anadara granosa) and
exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of
Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(2), 336-345.
[15] Monavari, S. M. (2001). Environmental impact assessment guidelines
for petrochemical plants. DOE press(Tehran, Iran), pp. 6- 7.
[16] Mooraki, N., Esmaeli Sari, A., Soltani, M., & Valinassab, T. (2008).
Spatial distribution and assemblage structure of macrobenthos in a tidal
creek in relation to industrial activities. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech, 6, 651-
662.
[17] Mostajabi, A. (2008). Analysis of environmental impact of
petrochemical industries. http://www.npcrt.ir.
[18] Nabavy, S. B. (1992). Identification of marobenthos assemblages in
Mahshahr Creeks and their trophic roles in the aquatic system.
[19] Nadal, M., Schuhmacher, M., & Domingo, J. L. (2011). Long-term
environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants and metals in
a chemical/petrochemical area: Human health risks. Environmental
Pollution.
[20] Nadim, F., Bagtzoglou, A. C., & Iranmahboob, J. (2008). Coastal
management in the Persian Gulf region within the framework of the
ROPME programme of action. Ocean & Coastal Management, 51(7),
556-565.
[21] NOAA. (1991). (National Ocean and Atmospheric
Administration).Second summary of data on chemical contaminants in
sediments from the National Status and Trends Program. NOAA
Technical Memorandum. NOAA Technical Memorandum. NOS OMA
59, Rockville, MD., 331.
[22] Parsamanesh, A. (1994). Hydrobiological survey of Khoozestan
Province estuaries. Irainian Fisheries Reasearch Organization, 70.
[23] Pasandeh, N. (2006). Electrical generation from tidal power in bandar-eimam
Khomeini Paper presented at the 7th international conference on
coasts ,ports and marine structures (ICOPMAS).
[24] PETZONE. (2001). Study of economic special zone estuary
improvement, Mahshahr economic special zone press, Mahshahr,
Iran,No.1.
[25] Price, A. (1998). Impact of the 1991 Gulf War on the coastal
environment and ecosystems: current status and future prospects.
Environment international, 24(1-2), 91-96.
[26] Purokhshoori. (1999). Musa creek or Musa bay. Seasonal magazine of
Environment, 80.
[27] RIPI. (2004). contamination of the marine environment from industrial
discharges Research Institute Of Petroleum industry.
[28] Rooney, P. (2005). Factors that influence the petrochemical industry in
the Middle East. Middle East Economic Survey, 48, 23.
[29] ROPME. (1999). Manual of Oceanographic Observation and Pollutant
Analysis Methods(MOOPAM). (Regional Organization for the
Protection of the Marine Environment, Kuwait).
[30] RPC. (2010). from Razi Petrochemical Company, http://www.razip.com/
[31] Tolosa, I., De Mora, S. J., Fowler, S. W., Villeneuve, J. P., Bartocci, J.,
& Cattini, C. (2005). Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in marine
biota and coastal sediments from the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Marine
pollution bulletin, 50(12), 1619-1633.
[32] TPH, T. P. H. (1999). TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR TOTAL
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS (TPH).
[33] US EPA New England, R., Office of Ecosystem Protection. (2010).
Appendix III - Effluent Limits and Monitoring Requirements by Sub-
Category | Draft Remediation General Permit for Massachusetts and
New Hampshire. from http://www.epa.gov/region1/npdes/2005rgp.html
[34] Wake, H. (2005). Oil refineries: a review of their ecological impacts on
the aquatic environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 62(1-2),
131-140.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:62721", author = "Ghazaleh Monazami Tehrani and A. Halim Sulaiman and Rosli Hashim and Ahmad Savari and Belin Tavakoly Sany T Mohamad Taqi Jafarzadeh and Reza Khani Jazani and Zhamak Monazami Tehrani", title = "Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination in Sediment and Wastewater from the Imam Khomeini and Razi Petrochemical Companies- Iran", abstract = "The present study was performed in Musa bay (northern part of the Persian Gulf) around the coastal area of Bandare-Imam Khomeini and Razi Petrochemical Companies. Sediment samples and effluent samples were collected from the selected stations, from June 2009 to June 2010. The samples were analyzed to determine the degree of hydrocarbon contamination. The average level of TPH concentration in the study area was more than the natural background value at all of the stations, especially at station BI1 which was the main effluent outlet of Bandar-e- Imam Khomeini petrochemical company. Also the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon was monitored in the effluents of aforementioned petrochemical companies and the results showed that the concentration of TPH in the effluents of Bandar-e- Imam Khomeini petrochemical company was greater than Razi petrochemical company which is may be related to the products of Bandar-e- Imam Khomeini petrochemical company (aromatics, polymers, chemicals, fuel).
", keywords = "Musa bay, Bandar-e- Imam Khomeini and Razi Petrochemical Companies, TPH", volume = "6", number = "9", pages = "636-4", }
