The Role of the State towards Employability of Malaysian PWDs – Myth or Reality?
In this era of globalization, the role of the State in all aspects of development is widely debated. Some scholars contend the 'demise' and diminishing role of the State whilst others claim that the State is still “de facto developmental". Clearly, it is vital to ascertain which of these two contentions are reflective of the role of the State as nations ascend their development trajectories. Based on the findings of this paper, the perception that the Malaysian State plays an active and committed role towards distributing equitable educational opportunities and enhancing employability of Malaysian PWDs is actually a myth and not reality. Thus, in order to fulfill the promise of Vision 2020 to transform Malaysia into a caring and socially-inclusive society; this paper calls for a more interventionist and committed role by the Malaysian State to translate the universal rights of education and employment opportunities for PWDs from mere policy rhetoric into inclusive realities.
[1] R.B. Reich, The work of nations. New York: Vintage Book, 1992.
[2] K. Ohmae, "The end of the Nation State," in The globalization reader,
2nd ed., F.J. Lechner & J. Boli, Eds. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing
Ltd., 2004, pp. 214-218.
[3] P. Brown, and H. Lauder, Capitalism and social progress. The future of
society in a global economy. Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001.
[4] The Flagship on Education for All and the Right to Education for
Persons with Disabilities: Towards Inclusion
http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/know_sharing/flagship_initiatives/
disability_last_version.shtml (Retrieved 18 December 2011)
[5] D. Jayasooria, B. Krishnan, B., and G. Ooi, "Disabled people in a
Newly Industrialising Economy: opportunities and challenges in
Malaysia," Disability & Society., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 455-463, 1997.
[6] D. Jayasooria, "Disabled people: active or passive citizens - reflections
from the Malaysian experience," Disability & Society, vol. 14, no. 3,
pp. 341-352, 1999.
[7] D. Jayasooria, Disabled people.. Citizenship & Social Work. The
Malaysian Experience. England: ASEAN Academic Press Ltd., 2000.
[8] H.T. Khor, "Employment of Persons with Disabilities," Social-
Economic & Environmental Research Institute, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 4 - 7,
2002
[9] S. Strange, "The declining authority of States," in The globalization
reader, 2nd ed., F.J. Lechner & J. Boli, Eds. Malden, MA: Blackwell
Publishing Ltd., 2004, pp. 219-224.
[10] K. Annan, "The role of the State in the age of globalization," in The
globalization reader, 2nd ed., F.J. Lechner & J. Boli, Eds. Malden, MA:
Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2004, pp. 240-243.
[11] M. Olssen, "Neoliberalism, globalization, democracy: challenges for
education," Globalisation, Societies and Education, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.
238-273, 2004.
[12] A. Green, Education, globalization and the Nation State. London:
Macmillan Press Ltd., 1997.
[13] A. Green, "The roles of State and the social partners in vocational
education and training systems," in Education, training and the future of
work II, M. Flude & S. Sieminski, Eds. London: Routledge, 1999, pp.
12-30.
[14] A. Green, "Globalisation and the changing nature of the state in East
Asia," Globalisation, Societies and Education, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 23-38,
2007.
[15] D. Ashton, F. Green, D. James and J. Sung, (1999). Education and
training for development in East Asia. The political economy of skills
formation in East Asian newly industrialized economies. London:
Routledge, 1999.
[16] D. N. Ashton, and J. Sung, "Education, skills formation, and economic
development:the Singaporean approach," in EDUCATION. Culture,
economy, and society, A.H. Halsey, H. Lauder, P. Brown & A.S. Wells,
Eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 207-218.
[17] S. Gopinathan, "Globalisation, the Singapore developmental state and
education policy: a thesis revisited," Globalisation, Societies and
Education, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 53-70, 2007.
[18] H. Mukherjee and J.S. Singh, (1995). "Malaysia," in Education
and development in East Asia, P. Morris & A. Sweeting, Eds. New
York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1995, pp. 149-184.
[19] H. Radice, "The developmental state under global neoliberalism." Third
World Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1153-1174, 2008
[20] E.T. Gomez, "The rise and fall of capital: corporate Malaysian in
historical perspective." Journal of Contemporary Asia, vol. 39, no. 3,
pp. 345-381, 2009.
[21] H.T. Khor, "Turning disability into a national asset." Penang
Economic Monthly, vol. August 2010, pp. 16 - 19, 2010.
[22] Inclusive Education
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/strengtheningeducation-
systems/inclusive-education/ (Retrieved 18 December 2011)
[23] Selangor Cheshire Home (SCH)(2009). Handbook for employing
persons with disabilities. Selangor: Selangor Cheshire Home.
[24] The Star, 15 June 2010.
[25] Data on public sector hiring of PWDs was obtained from Director of
PWD Development Division, Ms. Noraini Hashim.
[26] S.L. Khoo, L.T. Tiun and L.W. Lee, "Workplace Discrimination
Against People with Disabilities: Issues and Evidences in Malaysia
(Published Conference Proceedings style)," in Proceedings 2nd
International Conference on Public Policies & Social Sciences 2011,
Universiti Teknologi MARA Kuching, Sarawak, 2011.
[1] R.B. Reich, The work of nations. New York: Vintage Book, 1992.
[2] K. Ohmae, "The end of the Nation State," in The globalization reader,
2nd ed., F.J. Lechner & J. Boli, Eds. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing
Ltd., 2004, pp. 214-218.
[3] P. Brown, and H. Lauder, Capitalism and social progress. The future of
society in a global economy. Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001.
[4] The Flagship on Education for All and the Right to Education for
Persons with Disabilities: Towards Inclusion
http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/know_sharing/flagship_initiatives/
disability_last_version.shtml (Retrieved 18 December 2011)
[5] D. Jayasooria, B. Krishnan, B., and G. Ooi, "Disabled people in a
Newly Industrialising Economy: opportunities and challenges in
Malaysia," Disability & Society., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 455-463, 1997.
[6] D. Jayasooria, "Disabled people: active or passive citizens - reflections
from the Malaysian experience," Disability & Society, vol. 14, no. 3,
pp. 341-352, 1999.
[7] D. Jayasooria, Disabled people.. Citizenship & Social Work. The
Malaysian Experience. England: ASEAN Academic Press Ltd., 2000.
[8] H.T. Khor, "Employment of Persons with Disabilities," Social-
Economic & Environmental Research Institute, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 4 - 7,
2002
[9] S. Strange, "The declining authority of States," in The globalization
reader, 2nd ed., F.J. Lechner & J. Boli, Eds. Malden, MA: Blackwell
Publishing Ltd., 2004, pp. 219-224.
[10] K. Annan, "The role of the State in the age of globalization," in The
globalization reader, 2nd ed., F.J. Lechner & J. Boli, Eds. Malden, MA:
Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2004, pp. 240-243.
[11] M. Olssen, "Neoliberalism, globalization, democracy: challenges for
education," Globalisation, Societies and Education, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.
238-273, 2004.
[12] A. Green, Education, globalization and the Nation State. London:
Macmillan Press Ltd., 1997.
[13] A. Green, "The roles of State and the social partners in vocational
education and training systems," in Education, training and the future of
work II, M. Flude & S. Sieminski, Eds. London: Routledge, 1999, pp.
12-30.
[14] A. Green, "Globalisation and the changing nature of the state in East
Asia," Globalisation, Societies and Education, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 23-38,
2007.
[15] D. Ashton, F. Green, D. James and J. Sung, (1999). Education and
training for development in East Asia. The political economy of skills
formation in East Asian newly industrialized economies. London:
Routledge, 1999.
[16] D. N. Ashton, and J. Sung, "Education, skills formation, and economic
development:the Singaporean approach," in EDUCATION. Culture,
economy, and society, A.H. Halsey, H. Lauder, P. Brown & A.S. Wells,
Eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 207-218.
[17] S. Gopinathan, "Globalisation, the Singapore developmental state and
education policy: a thesis revisited," Globalisation, Societies and
Education, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 53-70, 2007.
[18] H. Mukherjee and J.S. Singh, (1995). "Malaysia," in Education
and development in East Asia, P. Morris & A. Sweeting, Eds. New
York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1995, pp. 149-184.
[19] H. Radice, "The developmental state under global neoliberalism." Third
World Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1153-1174, 2008
[20] E.T. Gomez, "The rise and fall of capital: corporate Malaysian in
historical perspective." Journal of Contemporary Asia, vol. 39, no. 3,
pp. 345-381, 2009.
[21] H.T. Khor, "Turning disability into a national asset." Penang
Economic Monthly, vol. August 2010, pp. 16 - 19, 2010.
[22] Inclusive Education
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/strengtheningeducation-
systems/inclusive-education/ (Retrieved 18 December 2011)
[23] Selangor Cheshire Home (SCH)(2009). Handbook for employing
persons with disabilities. Selangor: Selangor Cheshire Home.
[24] The Star, 15 June 2010.
[25] Data on public sector hiring of PWDs was obtained from Director of
PWD Development Division, Ms. Noraini Hashim.
[26] S.L. Khoo, L.T. Tiun and L.W. Lee, "Workplace Discrimination
Against People with Disabilities: Issues and Evidences in Malaysia
(Published Conference Proceedings style)," in Proceedings 2nd
International Conference on Public Policies & Social Sciences 2011,
Universiti Teknologi MARA Kuching, Sarawak, 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:61687", author = "Suet Leng Khoo and Tiun Ling Ta and Lay Wah Lee", title = "The Role of the State towards Employability of Malaysian PWDs – Myth or Reality?", abstract = "In this era of globalization, the role of the State in all aspects of development is widely debated. Some scholars contend the 'demise' and diminishing role of the State whilst others claim that the State is still “de facto developmental". Clearly, it is vital to ascertain which of these two contentions are reflective of the role of the State as nations ascend their development trajectories. Based on the findings of this paper, the perception that the Malaysian State plays an active and committed role towards distributing equitable educational opportunities and enhancing employability of Malaysian PWDs is actually a myth and not reality. Thus, in order to fulfill the promise of Vision 2020 to transform Malaysia into a caring and socially-inclusive society; this paper calls for a more interventionist and committed role by the Malaysian State to translate the universal rights of education and employment opportunities for PWDs from mere policy rhetoric into inclusive realities.
", keywords = "People with Disabilities, Malaysia, role of State,
equal employment opportunities", volume = "6", number = "6", pages = "1549-6", }
