The Rise of Nationalism among South Korean Youth and Democracy: An Analysis
The 2008 Candlelight Protests of Korea was very
significant to portray the political environment among the South
Korean youth. Many challenges and new advanced technologies have
driven the youth community to be engaged in the political arena that
has shifted them from traditional Korean youth to a very greater
community. Due to historical perspective with the people of North
Korea, the young generation has embraced different view of ethnic
nationalism. This study examines the youth involvement in politics in
line with their level of acceptance the practice of democracy. The
increase usage of new media has shown great results in the survey
results whereby the youth used as a platform to gain political
information and brought higher degree of their sociopolitical interests
among them. Furthermore, the rise of nationalism and patriotism will
be discussed in this paper to the dynamism of the political approaches
used by the Korea government
[1] J.W. Han, From Indifference to Making the Difference: New Networked
Information Technologies (NNITs) and patterns of Political Participation
Among Korea-s Younger Generation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, Vol. 4(1), 57-76, 2007.
[2] S. Baron, J. Field, & T. Schuller, (Eds.). Social capital: Critical
perspective. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2000.
[3] P. Bourdie, The forms of capital. In Richardson, J. Handbook of theory
and research for the sociology of education. New York: Greenwood,
1986.
[4] J. S. Coleman, Social capital in the creation of human capital. American
Journal of Sociology, 94/Supplement: S95-S120, 1988.
[5] B. Edwards, & M. W. Foley, Civil society and social capital. In. B.
Edwards, M. Foley, & M. Diani (Eds.), Beyond Tocqueville: Civil
society and the social capital debate in comparative perspective.
Hanover, Germany and London: University Press of New England,
2001.
[6] J. Ehrenderg, Civil society: The critical history of an idea. New York
and London: New York University Press, 1999.
[7] F. Fukuyama, Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity.
New York: Free Press, 1995.
[8] R. D. Putnam, Bowling alone: America-s declining social capital.
Journal of Democracy, 6, 1995.
[9] B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite, The Internet in everyday life. In B.
Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite (Eds.), The Internet in everyday life.
Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2002.
[10] S. K. Lee, The Assertive Nationalism of South Korean Youth: Cultural
Dynamism and Political Activism. SAIS Review, Vol. 26 (2), Summer-
Fall 2006, 123-132. The John Hopkins University Press, 2006.
[11] S. K. Lee, The Assertive Nationalism of South Korean Youth: Cultural
Dynamism and Political Activism. SAIS Review, Vol. 26 (2), Summer-
Fall 2006, 123-132. The John Hopkins University Press, 2006.
[12] S. K. Lee, The Assertive Nationalism of South Korean Youth: Cultural
Dynamism and Political Activism. SAIS Review, Vol. 26 (2), Summer-
Fall 2006, 123-132. The John Hopkins University Press, 2006.
[13] S. J. Lee, "Generational Change in South Korea: Implications for the
U.S-ROK Alliance," in Derek Mitchell ed. Strategy and sentiment:
South Korean views and the U.S.-ROK Alliance," (Washington: CSIS):
43-49, June 2004.
[14] J. H. Lee, Mobile mediawa mobile sahweoi (Mobile media and Mobile
society). Seoul, Korea: Communication Books, 2004.
[15] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political force," in Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2--3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution): 15-30, 2004.
[16] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political force," in Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2--3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution), 15-30, 2004.
[17] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political force," in Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2--3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution): 15-30, 2004.
[18] H. K. Song, Icheoninyun sedeeui tansaeng [The birth of "2002
generation"]. In Hankook, moonseum ili ileonagoitna: sede, keu
kaldeungkwa jhwaeui mihak. Seoul, Korea: Sam Sung Institute of
economy, 2005.
[19] H. Jung, Y. Seo, M. S. Ryoo, and H. S. Yang, "Affective
Communication System with Multimodality for Humanoid Robot."
[20] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political Force," In Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2-3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution), 2004.
[21] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political Force," In R. C. Bush
et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2-3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution), 2004.
[22] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political Force," In Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2-3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution), 2004.
[23] C.S. Kang and Eliot. "Restructuring the U.S.-South Korea Alliance to
Deal With the Second Korean Nuclear Crisis." Australian Journal of
International Affairs Vol. 57: 309-324, 2003.
[24] K. C. Nam, "Changing inter-Korean Relations and Its Impact on ROK-s
Relations with Major Powers." Presented at International Council on
Korean Studies (ICKS) Annual Conference. Arlington, Virginia. Also, in
International Journal of KOREAN STUDIES Fall/Winter 2004 Vol. VIII
(1): 53-78, August 6-8 2004.
[25] K.C. Nam, "Changing inter-Korean Relations and Its Impact on ROK-s
Relations with Major Powers." Presented at International Council on
Korean Studies (ICKS) Annual Conference. Arlington, Virginia, also, in
International Journal of KOREAN STUDIES Fall/Winter 2004 Vol. VIII
(1): 53-78, August 6-8 2004.
[26] S.J. Lee, "The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications for
U.S.- Korea Relations." The Brookings Institution Center for Northeast
Asian Policy Studies. 366 Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution,
pp.1-31, 2004.
[27] S. J. Lee, "The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications
for U.S.- Korea Relations." The Brookings Institution Center for
Northeast Asian Policy Studies. 366 Washington, D.C.: The Brookings
Institution, pp.1-31, 2004.
[28] S. J. Lee, "The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications
for U.S.- Korea Relations." The Brookings Institution Center for
Northeast Asian Policy Studies. 366 Washington, D.C.: The Brookings
Institution, pp.1-31, 2004.
[29] S. J. Lee, "The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications
for U.S.- Korea Relations." The Brookings Institution Center for
Northeast Asian Policy Studies. 366 Washington, D.C.: The Brookings
Institution, pp.1-31, 2004.
[30] J.W. Han, From Indifference to Making the Difference: New Networked
Information Technologies (NNITs) and patterns of Political Participation
Among Korea-s Younger Generation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, Vol. 4(1), 57-76, 2007.
[31] J.W. Han, From Indifference to Making the Difference: New Networked
Information Technologies (NNITs) and patterns of Political Participation
Among Korea-s Younger Generation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, Vol. 4(1), 57-76, 2007.
[32] J.W. Han, From Indifference to Making the Difference: New Networked
Information Technologies (NNITs) and patterns of Political Participation
Among Korea-s Younger Generation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, Vol. 4(1), 57-76, 2007.
[33] S. Yun and C.Y. Woo, Political Participation of Teenagers in the
Information Era. Social Science Computer Review. DOI:
10.1177/0894439310363255, 2010.
[34] Utusan Malaysia. [Eng: The Effort to Uphold the Youth]Usaha Martabat
Golongan Belia. 1 August 2009.
[35] K.K. Kim, Development of Constitution and Politics after 2nd World
war, Perkembangan Perlembagaan dan Politik Selepas Perang Dunia
Kedua. [Development of Constitution and Politics after 2nd World war]
Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1993.
[36] Y.K. Park, An Analysis of the 17th General Elections in South Korea.
Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies 20 (1): 72-94,
2005.
[37] Y.K. Park, An Analysis of the 17th General Elections in South Korea.
Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies 20 (1): 72-94,
2005.
[38] O. Hyeryoung, New Media Practices in Korea. International Journal of
Communication 5(2011), 320-348, 2011.
[39] S. Ajmeri, 2004. The Age of Disinformation.
[40] R.T. Watson and B. A. Mundy, Strategic Perspective of Electronic
democracy. Communications Of The ACM. January 2001/Vol. 44, No.
1, 27-30.
[41] H. S. Kim, ÔÇÿSociological Analysis of 2002 Digital Formation of South
Korea-, paper presented to the 2002 International Conference on the
Digital Divide: Technology & Politics in the Information Age, David C
Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University,
Aug 2002, pp. 1-21.
[42] J. Han, ÔÇÿInternet, Social Capital, and Democracy in the Information Age:
Korea-s Defeat Movement, the Red Devils, Candle Light Anti-U.S.
Demonstration, and Presidential Election during 2000-2002-, viewed 18
June 2007, <http://vita.pbwiki.com>.
[43] S. Yun, ÔÇÿThe Internet and the 2002 Presidential Election in South
Korea-, Korea Journal, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 209-229, 2003.
[44] http://www.nyc.or.kr/foreign/en/index.html
[1] J.W. Han, From Indifference to Making the Difference: New Networked
Information Technologies (NNITs) and patterns of Political Participation
Among Korea-s Younger Generation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, Vol. 4(1), 57-76, 2007.
[2] S. Baron, J. Field, & T. Schuller, (Eds.). Social capital: Critical
perspective. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2000.
[3] P. Bourdie, The forms of capital. In Richardson, J. Handbook of theory
and research for the sociology of education. New York: Greenwood,
1986.
[4] J. S. Coleman, Social capital in the creation of human capital. American
Journal of Sociology, 94/Supplement: S95-S120, 1988.
[5] B. Edwards, & M. W. Foley, Civil society and social capital. In. B.
Edwards, M. Foley, & M. Diani (Eds.), Beyond Tocqueville: Civil
society and the social capital debate in comparative perspective.
Hanover, Germany and London: University Press of New England,
2001.
[6] J. Ehrenderg, Civil society: The critical history of an idea. New York
and London: New York University Press, 1999.
[7] F. Fukuyama, Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity.
New York: Free Press, 1995.
[8] R. D. Putnam, Bowling alone: America-s declining social capital.
Journal of Democracy, 6, 1995.
[9] B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite, The Internet in everyday life. In B.
Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite (Eds.), The Internet in everyday life.
Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2002.
[10] S. K. Lee, The Assertive Nationalism of South Korean Youth: Cultural
Dynamism and Political Activism. SAIS Review, Vol. 26 (2), Summer-
Fall 2006, 123-132. The John Hopkins University Press, 2006.
[11] S. K. Lee, The Assertive Nationalism of South Korean Youth: Cultural
Dynamism and Political Activism. SAIS Review, Vol. 26 (2), Summer-
Fall 2006, 123-132. The John Hopkins University Press, 2006.
[12] S. K. Lee, The Assertive Nationalism of South Korean Youth: Cultural
Dynamism and Political Activism. SAIS Review, Vol. 26 (2), Summer-
Fall 2006, 123-132. The John Hopkins University Press, 2006.
[13] S. J. Lee, "Generational Change in South Korea: Implications for the
U.S-ROK Alliance," in Derek Mitchell ed. Strategy and sentiment:
South Korean views and the U.S.-ROK Alliance," (Washington: CSIS):
43-49, June 2004.
[14] J. H. Lee, Mobile mediawa mobile sahweoi (Mobile media and Mobile
society). Seoul, Korea: Communication Books, 2004.
[15] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political force," in Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2--3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution): 15-30, 2004.
[16] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political force," in Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2--3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution), 15-30, 2004.
[17] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political force," in Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2--3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution): 15-30, 2004.
[18] H. K. Song, Icheoninyun sedeeui tansaeng [The birth of "2002
generation"]. In Hankook, moonseum ili ileonagoitna: sede, keu
kaldeungkwa jhwaeui mihak. Seoul, Korea: Sam Sung Institute of
economy, 2005.
[19] H. Jung, Y. Seo, M. S. Ryoo, and H. S. Yang, "Affective
Communication System with Multimodality for Humanoid Robot."
[20] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political Force," In Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2-3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution), 2004.
[21] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political Force," In R. C. Bush
et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2-3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution), 2004.
[22] S. J. Lee, "The rise of Korean Youth as a Political Force," In Richard C.
Bush et al., eds., Brookings Northeast Asia Survey 2-3-2004 (Center for
Northeast Asian Studies, Brookings Institution), 2004.
[23] C.S. Kang and Eliot. "Restructuring the U.S.-South Korea Alliance to
Deal With the Second Korean Nuclear Crisis." Australian Journal of
International Affairs Vol. 57: 309-324, 2003.
[24] K. C. Nam, "Changing inter-Korean Relations and Its Impact on ROK-s
Relations with Major Powers." Presented at International Council on
Korean Studies (ICKS) Annual Conference. Arlington, Virginia. Also, in
International Journal of KOREAN STUDIES Fall/Winter 2004 Vol. VIII
(1): 53-78, August 6-8 2004.
[25] K.C. Nam, "Changing inter-Korean Relations and Its Impact on ROK-s
Relations with Major Powers." Presented at International Council on
Korean Studies (ICKS) Annual Conference. Arlington, Virginia, also, in
International Journal of KOREAN STUDIES Fall/Winter 2004 Vol. VIII
(1): 53-78, August 6-8 2004.
[26] S.J. Lee, "The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications for
U.S.- Korea Relations." The Brookings Institution Center for Northeast
Asian Policy Studies. 366 Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution,
pp.1-31, 2004.
[27] S. J. Lee, "The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications
for U.S.- Korea Relations." The Brookings Institution Center for
Northeast Asian Policy Studies. 366 Washington, D.C.: The Brookings
Institution, pp.1-31, 2004.
[28] S. J. Lee, "The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications
for U.S.- Korea Relations." The Brookings Institution Center for
Northeast Asian Policy Studies. 366 Washington, D.C.: The Brookings
Institution, pp.1-31, 2004.
[29] S. J. Lee, "The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications
for U.S.- Korea Relations." The Brookings Institution Center for
Northeast Asian Policy Studies. 366 Washington, D.C.: The Brookings
Institution, pp.1-31, 2004.
[30] J.W. Han, From Indifference to Making the Difference: New Networked
Information Technologies (NNITs) and patterns of Political Participation
Among Korea-s Younger Generation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, Vol. 4(1), 57-76, 2007.
[31] J.W. Han, From Indifference to Making the Difference: New Networked
Information Technologies (NNITs) and patterns of Political Participation
Among Korea-s Younger Generation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, Vol. 4(1), 57-76, 2007.
[32] J.W. Han, From Indifference to Making the Difference: New Networked
Information Technologies (NNITs) and patterns of Political Participation
Among Korea-s Younger Generation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, Vol. 4(1), 57-76, 2007.
[33] S. Yun and C.Y. Woo, Political Participation of Teenagers in the
Information Era. Social Science Computer Review. DOI:
10.1177/0894439310363255, 2010.
[34] Utusan Malaysia. [Eng: The Effort to Uphold the Youth]Usaha Martabat
Golongan Belia. 1 August 2009.
[35] K.K. Kim, Development of Constitution and Politics after 2nd World
war, Perkembangan Perlembagaan dan Politik Selepas Perang Dunia
Kedua. [Development of Constitution and Politics after 2nd World war]
Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1993.
[36] Y.K. Park, An Analysis of the 17th General Elections in South Korea.
Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies 20 (1): 72-94,
2005.
[37] Y.K. Park, An Analysis of the 17th General Elections in South Korea.
Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies 20 (1): 72-94,
2005.
[38] O. Hyeryoung, New Media Practices in Korea. International Journal of
Communication 5(2011), 320-348, 2011.
[39] S. Ajmeri, 2004. The Age of Disinformation.
[40] R.T. Watson and B. A. Mundy, Strategic Perspective of Electronic
democracy. Communications Of The ACM. January 2001/Vol. 44, No.
1, 27-30.
[41] H. S. Kim, ÔÇÿSociological Analysis of 2002 Digital Formation of South
Korea-, paper presented to the 2002 International Conference on the
Digital Divide: Technology & Politics in the Information Age, David C
Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University,
Aug 2002, pp. 1-21.
[42] J. Han, ÔÇÿInternet, Social Capital, and Democracy in the Information Age:
Korea-s Defeat Movement, the Red Devils, Candle Light Anti-U.S.
Demonstration, and Presidential Election during 2000-2002-, viewed 18
June 2007, <http://vita.pbwiki.com>.
[43] S. Yun, ÔÇÿThe Internet and the 2002 Presidential Election in South
Korea-, Korea Journal, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 209-229, 2003.
[44] http://www.nyc.or.kr/foreign/en/index.html
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:59193", author = "Noor Sulastry Yurni Ahmad and Ki-Soo Eun", title = "The Rise of Nationalism among South Korean Youth and Democracy: An Analysis", abstract = "The 2008 Candlelight Protests of Korea was very
significant to portray the political environment among the South
Korean youth. Many challenges and new advanced technologies have
driven the youth community to be engaged in the political arena that
has shifted them from traditional Korean youth to a very greater
community. Due to historical perspective with the people of North
Korea, the young generation has embraced different view of ethnic
nationalism. This study examines the youth involvement in politics in
line with their level of acceptance the practice of democracy. The
increase usage of new media has shown great results in the survey
results whereby the youth used as a platform to gain political
information and brought higher degree of their sociopolitical interests
among them. Furthermore, the rise of nationalism and patriotism will
be discussed in this paper to the dynamism of the political approaches
used by the Korea government", keywords = "Nationalism, new media, political participation,
youth", volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "556-11", }
