The Path to Wellbeing: The Role of Work-Family Conflict, Family-Work Conflict and Psychological Strain
Although considerable amount of research has attested to the link between work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) and psychological strain and wellbeing, there is a paucity of research investigating the phenomenon in the context of social workers. Moreover, very little is known about the impact of WFC and FWC in developing countries. The present study investigated the mediating effect of psychological strain on the relationship between WFC and FWC with wellbeing of social workers in India. Our findings show that WFC and FWC are influential antecedents of wellbeing; their influence is both direct on psychological strain, and indirect on wellbeing transmitted through psychological strain. Implications of the findings are discussed.
<p>[1] S. Cartwright, and C. L. Cooper, The Oxford handbook of organisational
wellbeing. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
[2] T. Kalliath, and P. Kalliath, “Changing work environments and
employee wellbeing: An introduction.International Journal of
Manpower”, 33, 7,729-737, 2012.
[3] E.E. Kossek, T. Kalliath, and P. Kalliath, P, “Achieving employee
wellbeing in a changing work environment: An expert commentary on
current scholarship”, International Journal of Manpower, 33, 7, 738 -
753, 2012.
[4] S. A. Y. Poelmans, T. Kalliath, and P. Brough, “Achieving work-life
balance: Current theoretical and practical issues”,Journal of
Management and Organisation, Vol 14/3, 227-238, 2008.
[5] M. Westman,, P. Brough, and T. Kalliath, “Expert commentary on
work–life balance and crossover of emotions and experiences:
Theoretical and practice advancements”, Journal of Organisational
Behaviour, 30,587-595. 2009.
[6] F. T. Amstad, L. L. Meier, U. Fasel, A. Elfering, and N. K. Semme, “A
meta-analysis of work–family conflict and various outcomes with a
special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations”,
Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16, 2, 151–169, 2011.
[7] E. E. Kossek, S. Pichler, T. Bodner, and L. Hammer,“Workplace social
support and work-family conflict: A meta-analysis clarifying the
influence of general and work-family specific supervisor and
organizational support”, Personnel Psychology. 64: 289-313, 2011.
[8] Z. Aycan, “Cross-cultural perspectives in work-family conflict. In K.
Korabik, D. S. Lero, & D. L. Whitehead (Eds.) Handbook of Work-
Family Conflict (pp.353-371, 2008). London, Academic Press.
[9] S. Collins, and B. Parry-Jones, “Stress: The perceptions of social work
lecturers in Britain”, British Journal of Social Work, 30(6), 769–794,
2000.
[10] B. Lonne, “Social workers and human service Practitioners”, In M.
Dollard, A. Winefield, & H.Winefield (Eds.), Occupational stress in the
service professions (pp. 281–309, 2003). London: Taylor and Francis.
[11] P. Kalliath, M. Hughes, and P. Newcombe, “When work and family are
in conflict: Impact on psychological strain experienced by social
workers in Australia. Australian Social Work, 65(3), 355-371, 2012.
[12] M. Aziz, “Role stress among women in the Indian information
technology sector”. Women in Management Review, 19, 7, 356-363,
2004.
[13] M. Das, “Work-family conflict of Indian women entrepreneurs: A
preliminary report”, New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2, 39-46,
1999.
[14] N. M. Noor, “Work-family conflict, work and family role resilience and
women’s well-being”. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 4, 389-
405, 2004.
[15] P. Kalliath, and T. Kalliath, “Work-Family conflict and coping: A
qualitative investigation ofcouples from four occupational groups in
India”, In Menon, S.T. (Ed), Competing values in an uncertain
environment: managing the paradox, pp. 550-558, 2010. Department of
Management and Marketing, Louisiana State University.
[16] P. Voydanoff, “Linkages between the work-family interface and work,
family, and individual outcomes: an integrative model”,Journal of
Family Issues, 23(1), 138-164, 2002.
[17] U. Bronfenbrenner, “Toward an experimentalecology of human
development”, American Psychologist, 32(7), 513-531, 1977.
[18] P. Voyandoff, “The effects of work demands and resources on work-tofamily
conflict and facilitation”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 66,
398-412, 2004.
[19] P. Voydanoff, Work, family, and communities: Exploring
Interconnections. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007.
[20] J. Greenhaus, and N. Beutell, N. (1985). “Sources of Conflict between
work and family roles”, Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76–
88, 1985.
[21] E. J. Grant-Vallone, and S. I. Donaldson, “Consequences of work-family
conflict on employee wellbeing over time. Work & Stress, 15, 3, 214-
226, 2001.
[22] M.P. O’Driscoll, P. Brough, and T. Kalliath,“ Work/family conflict,
well-being,satisfaction and socialsupport: A longitudinal study in New
Zealand”, Equal Opportunities International, 23 (1/2), 36-56, 2004.
[23] C. L. Scheck, A. J. Kinicki, and J. A. Davy, J. A, “Testing the mediating
processes between work stressors and subjective well-being. Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 50,96-123, 1997.
[24] D. S. Carlson, K. M. Kacmar, and L. J. Williams,“Construction and
initial validation of a multi-dimensional measure of work-family
conflict”, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 56, 249-276, 2000.
[25] D. Goldberg, and P. Williams, A user’s guide to the General Health
Questionnaire. Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1991.
[26] W. Y. Ip, and C. R. Martin, “Psychometric properties of the 12 item
General health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Chinese women during
pregnancy and in postnatal period”, Psychology, Health, and Medicine,
11, 60-69, 2006.
[27] S. Vanheule, and S. Bogaerts, “The factorial structure of the GHQ-12.
Stress and Health, 21,217-222, 2005.
[28] T. Kalliath, M. O’Driscoll, and P. Brough, “Confirmatory factor analysis
of the General Health Questionnaire-12”, Stress & Health, 20, 1, 11-20,
2004.
[29] P. Warr, “The measurement of wellbeing and other aspects of mental
health”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 193-210, 1990.
[30] J. F. Jr. Hair, W. C. Black, B, J., Babin, and R. E. Anderson,
Multivariate data analysis, 7th edn., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Hall, 2010.
[31] S. M. Crampton, and J. A. Wagner, “Percept-percept inflation in micro
organizational research: an investigation of prevalence and effect”,
Journal of Applied Psychology, 79,67-76, 1994.
[32] X. Zhao, J. G., Lynch, and Q. Chen, Q, “Reconsidering Baron and
Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer
Research, 37, 197-206, 2010.
[33] B. M. Bryne, Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Concepts,
applications, and Programming, 2nd edn.,New York, NY: Routledge,
2010.
[34] K. J. Preacher, and A. F. Hayes, “Asymptotic and resampling strategies
for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator
models”, Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891, 2008.
[35] E. Demerouti, and R. Cropanzano, “From thought to action: Employee
work engagement and job performance”, In A.B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter
(Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research
(pp. 147–163,2010). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
[36] P. Brough, M. O’Driscoll, T. Kalliath, C. Cooper, and S. Poelmans,
Workplace psychological health: Current research and practice. Edward
Elgar, U.K, 2009.
[37] W. Pavot, and E. Diener, “The subjective evaluation of wellbeing in
adulthood: Findings and implications”, Ageing Internation, 29, 113-135,
2004.
[38] J. Storey, and J. Billingham, “Occupational stress and social work”,
Social Work Education, 20(6), 659-670, 2001.
[39] T. D. Allen, D.E. L. Herbst, C. S. Bruck, and M. Sutton,“Consequences
associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future
research”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 278-308,
2000.
[40] L. J. Cronbach, “Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests”,
Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334, 1951.</p>
<p>[1] S. Cartwright, and C. L. Cooper, The Oxford handbook of organisational
wellbeing. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
[2] T. Kalliath, and P. Kalliath, “Changing work environments and
employee wellbeing: An introduction.International Journal of
Manpower”, 33, 7,729-737, 2012.
[3] E.E. Kossek, T. Kalliath, and P. Kalliath, P, “Achieving employee
wellbeing in a changing work environment: An expert commentary on
current scholarship”, International Journal of Manpower, 33, 7, 738 -
753, 2012.
[4] S. A. Y. Poelmans, T. Kalliath, and P. Brough, “Achieving work-life
balance: Current theoretical and practical issues”,Journal of
Management and Organisation, Vol 14/3, 227-238, 2008.
[5] M. Westman,, P. Brough, and T. Kalliath, “Expert commentary on
work–life balance and crossover of emotions and experiences:
Theoretical and practice advancements”, Journal of Organisational
Behaviour, 30,587-595. 2009.
[6] F. T. Amstad, L. L. Meier, U. Fasel, A. Elfering, and N. K. Semme, “A
meta-analysis of work–family conflict and various outcomes with a
special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations”,
Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16, 2, 151–169, 2011.
[7] E. E. Kossek, S. Pichler, T. Bodner, and L. Hammer,“Workplace social
support and work-family conflict: A meta-analysis clarifying the
influence of general and work-family specific supervisor and
organizational support”, Personnel Psychology. 64: 289-313, 2011.
[8] Z. Aycan, “Cross-cultural perspectives in work-family conflict. In K.
Korabik, D. S. Lero, & D. L. Whitehead (Eds.) Handbook of Work-
Family Conflict (pp.353-371, 2008). London, Academic Press.
[9] S. Collins, and B. Parry-Jones, “Stress: The perceptions of social work
lecturers in Britain”, British Journal of Social Work, 30(6), 769–794,
2000.
[10] B. Lonne, “Social workers and human service Practitioners”, In M.
Dollard, A. Winefield, & H.Winefield (Eds.), Occupational stress in the
service professions (pp. 281–309, 2003). London: Taylor and Francis.
[11] P. Kalliath, M. Hughes, and P. Newcombe, “When work and family are
in conflict: Impact on psychological strain experienced by social
workers in Australia. Australian Social Work, 65(3), 355-371, 2012.
[12] M. Aziz, “Role stress among women in the Indian information
technology sector”. Women in Management Review, 19, 7, 356-363,
2004.
[13] M. Das, “Work-family conflict of Indian women entrepreneurs: A
preliminary report”, New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2, 39-46,
1999.
[14] N. M. Noor, “Work-family conflict, work and family role resilience and
women’s well-being”. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 4, 389-
405, 2004.
[15] P. Kalliath, and T. Kalliath, “Work-Family conflict and coping: A
qualitative investigation ofcouples from four occupational groups in
India”, In Menon, S.T. (Ed), Competing values in an uncertain
environment: managing the paradox, pp. 550-558, 2010. Department of
Management and Marketing, Louisiana State University.
[16] P. Voydanoff, “Linkages between the work-family interface and work,
family, and individual outcomes: an integrative model”,Journal of
Family Issues, 23(1), 138-164, 2002.
[17] U. Bronfenbrenner, “Toward an experimentalecology of human
development”, American Psychologist, 32(7), 513-531, 1977.
[18] P. Voyandoff, “The effects of work demands and resources on work-tofamily
conflict and facilitation”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 66,
398-412, 2004.
[19] P. Voydanoff, Work, family, and communities: Exploring
Interconnections. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007.
[20] J. Greenhaus, and N. Beutell, N. (1985). “Sources of Conflict between
work and family roles”, Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76–
88, 1985.
[21] E. J. Grant-Vallone, and S. I. Donaldson, “Consequences of work-family
conflict on employee wellbeing over time. Work & Stress, 15, 3, 214-
226, 2001.
[22] M.P. O’Driscoll, P. Brough, and T. Kalliath,“ Work/family conflict,
well-being,satisfaction and socialsupport: A longitudinal study in New
Zealand”, Equal Opportunities International, 23 (1/2), 36-56, 2004.
[23] C. L. Scheck, A. J. Kinicki, and J. A. Davy, J. A, “Testing the mediating
processes between work stressors and subjective well-being. Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 50,96-123, 1997.
[24] D. S. Carlson, K. M. Kacmar, and L. J. Williams,“Construction and
initial validation of a multi-dimensional measure of work-family
conflict”, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 56, 249-276, 2000.
[25] D. Goldberg, and P. Williams, A user’s guide to the General Health
Questionnaire. Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1991.
[26] W. Y. Ip, and C. R. Martin, “Psychometric properties of the 12 item
General health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Chinese women during
pregnancy and in postnatal period”, Psychology, Health, and Medicine,
11, 60-69, 2006.
[27] S. Vanheule, and S. Bogaerts, “The factorial structure of the GHQ-12.
Stress and Health, 21,217-222, 2005.
[28] T. Kalliath, M. O’Driscoll, and P. Brough, “Confirmatory factor analysis
of the General Health Questionnaire-12”, Stress & Health, 20, 1, 11-20,
2004.
[29] P. Warr, “The measurement of wellbeing and other aspects of mental
health”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 193-210, 1990.
[30] J. F. Jr. Hair, W. C. Black, B, J., Babin, and R. E. Anderson,
Multivariate data analysis, 7th edn., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Hall, 2010.
[31] S. M. Crampton, and J. A. Wagner, “Percept-percept inflation in micro
organizational research: an investigation of prevalence and effect”,
Journal of Applied Psychology, 79,67-76, 1994.
[32] X. Zhao, J. G., Lynch, and Q. Chen, Q, “Reconsidering Baron and
Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer
Research, 37, 197-206, 2010.
[33] B. M. Bryne, Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Concepts,
applications, and Programming, 2nd edn.,New York, NY: Routledge,
2010.
[34] K. J. Preacher, and A. F. Hayes, “Asymptotic and resampling strategies
for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator
models”, Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891, 2008.
[35] E. Demerouti, and R. Cropanzano, “From thought to action: Employee
work engagement and job performance”, In A.B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter
(Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research
(pp. 147–163,2010). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
[36] P. Brough, M. O’Driscoll, T. Kalliath, C. Cooper, and S. Poelmans,
Workplace psychological health: Current research and practice. Edward
Elgar, U.K, 2009.
[37] W. Pavot, and E. Diener, “The subjective evaluation of wellbeing in
adulthood: Findings and implications”, Ageing Internation, 29, 113-135,
2004.
[38] J. Storey, and J. Billingham, “Occupational stress and social work”,
Social Work Education, 20(6), 659-670, 2001.
[39] T. D. Allen, D.E. L. Herbst, C. S. Bruck, and M. Sutton,“Consequences
associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future
research”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 278-308,
2000.
[40] L. J. Cronbach, “Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests”,
Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334, 1951.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:58435", author = "Thomas Kalliath and Parveen Kalliath and Christopher C. A. Chan and Geetha Thachil", title = "The Path to Wellbeing: The Role of Work-Family Conflict, Family-Work Conflict and Psychological Strain", abstract = "Although considerable amount of research has attested to the link between work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) and psychological strain and wellbeing, there is a paucity of research investigating the phenomenon in the context of social workers. Moreover, very little is known about the impact of WFC and FWC in developing countries. The present study investigated the mediating effect of psychological strain on the relationship between WFC and FWC with wellbeing of social workers in India. Our findings show that WFC and FWC are influential antecedents of wellbeing; their influence is both direct on psychological strain, and indirect on wellbeing transmitted through psychological strain. Implications of the findings are discussed.
", keywords = "Family-to-work conflict, psychological strain,
wellbeing, work-to-family conflict.", volume = "7", number = "7", pages = "2094-6", }
