The Impact of Financial System on Mixed Use Development – Unrest in UK and Sense of Safety in Mixed Use Development
The past decade has witnessed a good opportunities
for city development schemes in UK. The government encouraged
restoration of city centers to comprise mixed use developments with
high density residential apartments. Investments in regeneration areas
were doing well according to the analyses of Property Databank
(IPD). However, more recent analysis by IPD has shown that since
2007, property in regeneration areas has been more vulnerable to the
market downturn than other types of investment property. The early
stages of a property market downturn may be felt most in
regeneration where funding, investor confidence and occupier
demand would dissipate because the sector was considered more
marginal or risky when development costs rise. Moreover, the Bank
of England survey shows that lenders have sequentially tightened the
availability of credit for commercial real estate since mid-2007. A
sharp reduction in the willingness of banks to lend on commercial
property was recorded. The credit crunch has already affected
commercial property but its impact has been particularly severe in
certain kinds of properties where residential developments are
extremely difficult, in particular city centre apartments and buy-to-let
markets. Commercial property – retail, industrial leisure and mixed
use were also pressed, in Birmingham; tens of mixed use plots were
built to replace old factories in the heart of the city. The purpose of
these developments was to enable young professionals to work and
live in same place. Thousands of people lost their jobs during the
recession, moreover lending was more difficult and the future of
many developments is unknown. The recession casts its shadow upon
the society due to cuts in public spending by government, Inflation,
rising tuition fees and high rise in unemployment generated anger and
hatred was spreading among youth causing vandalism and riots in
many cities. Recent riots targeted many mixed used development in
the UK where banks, shops, restaurants and big stores were robbed
and set into fire leaving residents with horror and shock. This paper
examines the impact of the recession and riots on mixed use
development in UK.
[1] Al Zelinka and Dean Brennan, SafeScape: Creating Safer, More
Liveable Communities Through Planning and Design (American
Planning Association, Planners Press, 2001)
[2] Jane Jacob, 1961, The Death and Life of Great American Cities
[3] British partnership, 2007, urban design compendium
[4] University of Ulster Real Estate, 2009, The Global Financial Crisis:
Impact on Property Markets in the UK and Ireland
[5] Zukin 1995, The cultures of cities, Oxford, Blackwell
[6] City Council, 2004, mixed -use development ordinance
[7] Andy Coupland, 1997, Reclaimin the City Mixed Use Development
[8] Communities and Local Government, 2001, Mixed use development,
practice and potential
[9] Michael Parkinson, Michael Ball, Neil Blake,Tony Key, 2009,The
Credit Crunch and Regeneration Impact and Implications
[10] Kevin Lynch, 1960, the image of the city
[11] Kevin Lynch, 1991, city sense and city design .
[12] Peter Newman and Jeff Kenworthy, 2000, Achieving sustainable urban
form,E&FN Spon
[13] Peter Newman and Jeff Kenworthy, 2000, Achieving sustainable urban
form,E&FN Spon
[14] Andy Coupland, 1997, Reclaiming the City : Mixed Use Development,
London.Spon Press.
[15] Walter, E. (1988) Place ways: A Theory of the Human Environment,
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press
[16] Duncan, J. & Ley, D. (eds.) (1993) Place/Culture/Representation,
London & New York: Routledge.
[17] Renate Bromberg, Urban Design International (2008)13,182-200
[18] Philip Cave, Urban design, winter 2005 .issue93
[19] Keith, M. (1993) Race, Riots and Policing: Lore and Disorder in a
Multi-Racist Society. London: UCL Press.
[20] Richard Sennett, R. (1977) The Fall of Public Man. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf.
[21] Solomos, J. (1988) Black Youth, Racism and the State: The politics of
Ideology and Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[22] Ian Bentley, 1985, Responsive Environments, Architectural Press
[23] www.dailymail.co.uk
[24] www.BBC.co.uk
[25] www.telegraph.co.uk
[1] Al Zelinka and Dean Brennan, SafeScape: Creating Safer, More
Liveable Communities Through Planning and Design (American
Planning Association, Planners Press, 2001)
[2] Jane Jacob, 1961, The Death and Life of Great American Cities
[3] British partnership, 2007, urban design compendium
[4] University of Ulster Real Estate, 2009, The Global Financial Crisis:
Impact on Property Markets in the UK and Ireland
[5] Zukin 1995, The cultures of cities, Oxford, Blackwell
[6] City Council, 2004, mixed -use development ordinance
[7] Andy Coupland, 1997, Reclaimin the City Mixed Use Development
[8] Communities and Local Government, 2001, Mixed use development,
practice and potential
[9] Michael Parkinson, Michael Ball, Neil Blake,Tony Key, 2009,The
Credit Crunch and Regeneration Impact and Implications
[10] Kevin Lynch, 1960, the image of the city
[11] Kevin Lynch, 1991, city sense and city design .
[12] Peter Newman and Jeff Kenworthy, 2000, Achieving sustainable urban
form,E&FN Spon
[13] Peter Newman and Jeff Kenworthy, 2000, Achieving sustainable urban
form,E&FN Spon
[14] Andy Coupland, 1997, Reclaiming the City : Mixed Use Development,
London.Spon Press.
[15] Walter, E. (1988) Place ways: A Theory of the Human Environment,
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press
[16] Duncan, J. & Ley, D. (eds.) (1993) Place/Culture/Representation,
London & New York: Routledge.
[17] Renate Bromberg, Urban Design International (2008)13,182-200
[18] Philip Cave, Urban design, winter 2005 .issue93
[19] Keith, M. (1993) Race, Riots and Policing: Lore and Disorder in a
Multi-Racist Society. London: UCL Press.
[20] Richard Sennett, R. (1977) The Fall of Public Man. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf.
[21] Solomos, J. (1988) Black Youth, Racism and the State: The politics of
Ideology and Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[22] Ian Bentley, 1985, Responsive Environments, Architectural Press
[23] www.dailymail.co.uk
[24] www.BBC.co.uk
[25] www.telegraph.co.uk
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:49911", author = "Tamara Kelly", title = "The Impact of Financial System on Mixed Use Development – Unrest in UK and Sense of Safety in Mixed Use Development", abstract = "The past decade has witnessed a good opportunities
for city development schemes in UK. The government encouraged
restoration of city centers to comprise mixed use developments with
high density residential apartments. Investments in regeneration areas
were doing well according to the analyses of Property Databank
(IPD). However, more recent analysis by IPD has shown that since
2007, property in regeneration areas has been more vulnerable to the
market downturn than other types of investment property. The early
stages of a property market downturn may be felt most in
regeneration where funding, investor confidence and occupier
demand would dissipate because the sector was considered more
marginal or risky when development costs rise. Moreover, the Bank
of England survey shows that lenders have sequentially tightened the
availability of credit for commercial real estate since mid-2007. A
sharp reduction in the willingness of banks to lend on commercial
property was recorded. The credit crunch has already affected
commercial property but its impact has been particularly severe in
certain kinds of properties where residential developments are
extremely difficult, in particular city centre apartments and buy-to-let
markets. Commercial property – retail, industrial leisure and mixed
use were also pressed, in Birmingham; tens of mixed use plots were
built to replace old factories in the heart of the city. The purpose of
these developments was to enable young professionals to work and
live in same place. Thousands of people lost their jobs during the
recession, moreover lending was more difficult and the future of
many developments is unknown. The recession casts its shadow upon
the society due to cuts in public spending by government, Inflation,
rising tuition fees and high rise in unemployment generated anger and
hatred was spreading among youth causing vandalism and riots in
many cities. Recent riots targeted many mixed used development in
the UK where banks, shops, restaurants and big stores were robbed
and set into fire leaving residents with horror and shock. This paper
examines the impact of the recession and riots on mixed use
development in UK.", keywords = "Diversity, mixed use development, outdoor comfort,
public realm, safe places, safety by design.", volume = "6", number = "11", pages = "2761-9", }