The aim of this study is to describe the associations
between the temperamental traits and the narrative emotional
expression. The Temperament Questionnaire was used: The FCB-TI
of Zawadzki & Strelau. A sample of 85 persons described three
emotional situations: love. hate, and anxiety. This study analyzes the
verbal form of expression by means of a written account of
emotions. The relationship between the narratives of love, hate and
anxiety and temperament characteristics were studied. Results
indicate that vigorousness (VI), perseverance (PE), sensory
sensitivity (SS), emotional reactivity (ER), endurance (EN) and
activeness (AC) have a significant impact on the emotional
expression in narratives. The temperamental traits are linked to the
form of emotional language. It means that temperament has an
impact on cognitive representations of emotions.
[1] P. Ekman, Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of
emotion. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Lincoln: University of
Nebraska Press, 1971.
[2] P. Ekman, R.J. Davidson, The nature of emotion. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1994.
[3] R. Bar-On, J.M., Brown, B.D. Kirkcaldy, E.P. Thome, "Emotional
expression and implications for occupational stress; an application of the
Emotional Quotient Inventory" Personality and Individual Differences,
no 28, pp. 1107-1118, 2000.
[4] R.A. Thompson, "Emotion regulation: A Theme in search of definition"
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child development, 59, 2-3,
no 240, pp. 25-52, 1994.
[5] K. Oatley, J.M. Jenkins, Understanding Emotion. Warsaw: PWN, 2003.
[6] A. Wierzbicka, Semantics, Primes, and Universals. Oxford, New York:
Oxford University Press, 1996.
[7] M. K. Rothbart, "Longitudinal observation of infant temperament"
Developmental Psychology, no 22,pp. 356-365, 1989.
[8] S. Chess, A. Thomas, Continuities and discontinuities in temperament.
In L. Robins, & M. Rutter (Eds.), Straight and devious pathways from
childhood to adulthood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1990.
pp. 205-220.
[9] J. Beatty, J.C. McCroskey, "It-s in Our Nature: Verbal Aggressiveness
as Temperamental Expression" Communication Quarterly, no 45, pp.
147-156, 1997.
[10] P. Ragatt, "Putting the Five - Factors Model into context: Evidence
linking Big five traits to narrative identity" Journal of Personality, vol.
74 , no 5, pp. 1321 -1348, 2006.
[11] C.E. Izard, D. Schultz, S.E. Fine, E. Youngstrom, B.P. Ackerman,
"Temperament, cognitive ability, emotion knowledge and adaptive
social behavior" Imagination, Cognition and Personality, vol. 19,no 4,
pp. 305-330, 1999-2000.
[12] J. Strelau, B. Zawadzki, "The Formal Characteristics of Behavior -
Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI): Validity studies" European Journal
of Personality, no 9, pp. 207-229, 1997.
[13] J. Strelau, B. Zawadzki, "The Formal Characteristics of Behavior -
Temperament Inventory (FCB - TI): Theoretical assumptions and scale
construction" European Journal of Personality, no 7, pp. 313 - 338,
1993.
[14] R.J. Sternberg, Psychology of hate. Washington: APA, 2005.
[15] L. Berkowitz, "On hate and its determinants: some affective and
cognitive influences" In R.J. Sternberg, Psychology of hate. Washington:
APA, 2005, pp. 155-184.
[16] B. Zawadzki, J. Strelau, The Formal Characteristics of Behavior -
Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI). Manual. Warsaw: PTP, 1997.
[17] S.L. Gordon, The socialization of childrenÔÇÿs emotions: Emotion al
culture, competence, and exposure. In C. Saarni, & P.L. Harris (Eds.),
Children-s understanding of emotions. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1989. pp.319-349.
[18] N. Chomsky, Reflections on Language. London: Temple-Smith, 1975.
[19] T. van Dijk, "Cognitive context models and discourse". In M.
Stamenow, Language structure, discourse and the access to
consciousness. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1997. pp. 189-226.
[20] A.P. Demorest and I.E. Alexander, "Affective scripts as organizers of
personal experience" Journal of Personality, Vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 645-663,
1992.
[21] B. Gawda, "Love scripts of persons with antisocial personality" Psych.
Reports, Vol. 103, pp. 371-380, 2007.
[22] B. Gawda, "Syntax of emotional narratives of persons diagnosed with
antisocial personality" Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Vol. 39, no
4, pp. 273-283, 2010.
[1] P. Ekman, Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of
emotion. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Lincoln: University of
Nebraska Press, 1971.
[2] P. Ekman, R.J. Davidson, The nature of emotion. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1994.
[3] R. Bar-On, J.M., Brown, B.D. Kirkcaldy, E.P. Thome, "Emotional
expression and implications for occupational stress; an application of the
Emotional Quotient Inventory" Personality and Individual Differences,
no 28, pp. 1107-1118, 2000.
[4] R.A. Thompson, "Emotion regulation: A Theme in search of definition"
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child development, 59, 2-3,
no 240, pp. 25-52, 1994.
[5] K. Oatley, J.M. Jenkins, Understanding Emotion. Warsaw: PWN, 2003.
[6] A. Wierzbicka, Semantics, Primes, and Universals. Oxford, New York:
Oxford University Press, 1996.
[7] M. K. Rothbart, "Longitudinal observation of infant temperament"
Developmental Psychology, no 22,pp. 356-365, 1989.
[8] S. Chess, A. Thomas, Continuities and discontinuities in temperament.
In L. Robins, & M. Rutter (Eds.), Straight and devious pathways from
childhood to adulthood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1990.
pp. 205-220.
[9] J. Beatty, J.C. McCroskey, "It-s in Our Nature: Verbal Aggressiveness
as Temperamental Expression" Communication Quarterly, no 45, pp.
147-156, 1997.
[10] P. Ragatt, "Putting the Five - Factors Model into context: Evidence
linking Big five traits to narrative identity" Journal of Personality, vol.
74 , no 5, pp. 1321 -1348, 2006.
[11] C.E. Izard, D. Schultz, S.E. Fine, E. Youngstrom, B.P. Ackerman,
"Temperament, cognitive ability, emotion knowledge and adaptive
social behavior" Imagination, Cognition and Personality, vol. 19,no 4,
pp. 305-330, 1999-2000.
[12] J. Strelau, B. Zawadzki, "The Formal Characteristics of Behavior -
Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI): Validity studies" European Journal
of Personality, no 9, pp. 207-229, 1997.
[13] J. Strelau, B. Zawadzki, "The Formal Characteristics of Behavior -
Temperament Inventory (FCB - TI): Theoretical assumptions and scale
construction" European Journal of Personality, no 7, pp. 313 - 338,
1993.
[14] R.J. Sternberg, Psychology of hate. Washington: APA, 2005.
[15] L. Berkowitz, "On hate and its determinants: some affective and
cognitive influences" In R.J. Sternberg, Psychology of hate. Washington:
APA, 2005, pp. 155-184.
[16] B. Zawadzki, J. Strelau, The Formal Characteristics of Behavior -
Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI). Manual. Warsaw: PTP, 1997.
[17] S.L. Gordon, The socialization of childrenÔÇÿs emotions: Emotion al
culture, competence, and exposure. In C. Saarni, & P.L. Harris (Eds.),
Children-s understanding of emotions. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1989. pp.319-349.
[18] N. Chomsky, Reflections on Language. London: Temple-Smith, 1975.
[19] T. van Dijk, "Cognitive context models and discourse". In M.
Stamenow, Language structure, discourse and the access to
consciousness. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1997. pp. 189-226.
[20] A.P. Demorest and I.E. Alexander, "Affective scripts as organizers of
personal experience" Journal of Personality, Vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 645-663,
1992.
[21] B. Gawda, "Love scripts of persons with antisocial personality" Psych.
Reports, Vol. 103, pp. 371-380, 2007.
[22] B. Gawda, "Syntax of emotional narratives of persons diagnosed with
antisocial personality" Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Vol. 39, no
4, pp. 273-283, 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:54350", author = "Barbara Gawda and Ewa Szepietowska and Agnieszka Gawda", title = "The Emotional Language and Temperamental Traits", abstract = "The aim of this study is to describe the associations
between the temperamental traits and the narrative emotional
expression. The Temperament Questionnaire was used: The FCB-TI
of Zawadzki & Strelau. A sample of 85 persons described three
emotional situations: love. hate, and anxiety. This study analyzes the
verbal form of expression by means of a written account of
emotions. The relationship between the narratives of love, hate and
anxiety and temperament characteristics were studied. Results
indicate that vigorousness (VI), perseverance (PE), sensory
sensitivity (SS), emotional reactivity (ER), endurance (EN) and
activeness (AC) have a significant impact on the emotional
expression in narratives. The temperamental traits are linked to the
form of emotional language. It means that temperament has an
impact on cognitive representations of emotions.", keywords = "Emotional narratives, Cognitive representation,
Love, Hate, Anxiety, Temperament.", volume = "7", number = "2", pages = "371-4", }
