The Effect of Multi-Layer Bandage on the Interface Pressure Applied by Compression Bandages
Medical compression bandages are widely used in the
treatment of chronic venous disorder. In order to design effective
compression bandages, researchers have attempted to describe the
interface pressure applied by multi-layer bandages using mathematical
models. This paper reports on the work carried out to
compare and validate the mathematical models used to describe the
interface pressure applied by multi-layer bandages. Both analytical
and experimental results showed that using simple multiplication
of a number of bandage layers with the pressure applied by one
layer of bandage or ignoring the increase in the limb radius due to
former layers of bandage will result in overestimating the pressure.
Experimental results showed that the mathematical models, which
take into consideration the increase in the limb radius due to former
bandage layers, are more accurate than the one which does not.
[1] J. L.Beebe-Dimmer, J. R. Pfeifer, J. S. Engle and D.Schottenfeld, "The
epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins," Annals
of Epidemiology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 175-184, Mar. 2005.
[2] C. V. Ruckley, C. J. Evans, P. L. Allan, A. J. Lee and F. G. Fowkes,
"Chronic venous insufficiency: Clinical and duplex correlations. The
Edinburgh Vein Study of venous disorders in the general population,"
Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 520-525, 2002.
[3] S. O-Meara, J. Tierney, N. Cullum, M. J. Bland, P. J. Franks, T. Mole
and M. Scriven, "Four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage
for venous leg ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised
controlled trials with data from individual patients," BMJ, vol. 338, pp.
b1344, Apr. 2009.
[4] S. O-Meara, N. A. Cullum and E. A. Nelson, "Compression for venous
leg ulcers," Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), 2009.
[5] C. Moffatt, Compression Therapy in Practice, Aberdeen: Wound UK
Publishing, 2007, 228pp.
[6] E. A. Nelson, A Study of Patient and Nurse Factors Influencing Sub-
Bandage Pressure, Strathclyde: Stracthclyde University, 2001, 215 pp.
[7] P. De Bruyne and T. Dvorak, "The pressure exerted by an elastic
stocking and its measurement," Medical and Biological Engineering and
Computing, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 94-96,1976.
[8] S. Thomas, "The use of the Laplace equation in the calculation of subbandage
pressure," EWMA journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21-23, 2003.
[9] J. R. Basford, "The law of Laplace and its relevance to contemporary
medicine and rehabilitation," Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
vol. 83, no. 8, pp. 11651170, 2002.
[10] D. Wertheim, J. Melhuish, R. Williams and K. Harding, "Measurement
of forces associated with compression therapy," Medical and Biological
Engineering and Computing, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 31-34, Jan. 1999.
[11] J. M. Melhuish, M. Clark, R. Williams and K. G. Harding, "The physics
of sub-bandage pressure measurement," Journal of Wound Care, vol. 9,
no. 7, pp. 308-310, Jul. 2000.
[12] J. A. J. Al Khaburi, Pressure mapping of medical compression bandages
used for venous leg ulcer treatment, Leeds: University of Leeds, 2010,
300 pp.
[13] J. Al Khaburi, E. A. Nelson, J. Hutchinson and A. A. Dehghani-Sanij,
"Impact of multi-layered compression bandages on sub-bandage interface
pressure: a model," Phlebology, vol. 26, no.2, pp. 75-83, Mar 2011.
[14] E. J. Hearn, Mechanics of Materials Volume 1: An Introduction to the
Mechanics of Elastic and Plastic Deformation of Solids and Structural
Materials, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997, 450 pp.
[15] S. Thomas and P. Fram, "Laboratory-based evaluation of a compressionbandaging
system," Nursing Times, vol. 99, no. 40, pp. 24-28, 2003.
[16] J. J. Dale, C.V. Ruckley, B. Gibson, D. Brown, A. J. Lee and R. J.
Prescott, "Multi-layer compression: comparison of four Different fourlayer
bandage systems applied to the leg," European Journal of Vascular
and Endovascular Surgery, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 94-99, Jan. 2004.
[17] A. Cornu-Thenard, P. Boivin, P. H. Carpentier, F. Courtet and P. Ngo,
"Superimposed Elastic Stockings: Pressure Measurements," Dermatologic
Surgery, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 269-275, Mar. 2007.
[18] M. Ferguson-Pell, S. Hagisawa and D. Bain, "Evaluation of a sensor
for low interface pressure applications," Medical Engineering & Physics,
vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 657-663, Nov. 2000.
[19] E. R. Komi, J. R. Roberts and S. J. Rothberg, "Evaluation of thin, flexible
sensors for time-resolved grip force measurement." Journal of Mechanical
Engineering Science, vol. 221, pp. 1687-1699, Nov. 2007.
[20] W. Bolton, Measurement and instrumentation systems, Oxford: Newnes,
1996, 412 pp.
[1] J. L.Beebe-Dimmer, J. R. Pfeifer, J. S. Engle and D.Schottenfeld, "The
epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins," Annals
of Epidemiology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 175-184, Mar. 2005.
[2] C. V. Ruckley, C. J. Evans, P. L. Allan, A. J. Lee and F. G. Fowkes,
"Chronic venous insufficiency: Clinical and duplex correlations. The
Edinburgh Vein Study of venous disorders in the general population,"
Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 520-525, 2002.
[3] S. O-Meara, J. Tierney, N. Cullum, M. J. Bland, P. J. Franks, T. Mole
and M. Scriven, "Four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage
for venous leg ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised
controlled trials with data from individual patients," BMJ, vol. 338, pp.
b1344, Apr. 2009.
[4] S. O-Meara, N. A. Cullum and E. A. Nelson, "Compression for venous
leg ulcers," Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), 2009.
[5] C. Moffatt, Compression Therapy in Practice, Aberdeen: Wound UK
Publishing, 2007, 228pp.
[6] E. A. Nelson, A Study of Patient and Nurse Factors Influencing Sub-
Bandage Pressure, Strathclyde: Stracthclyde University, 2001, 215 pp.
[7] P. De Bruyne and T. Dvorak, "The pressure exerted by an elastic
stocking and its measurement," Medical and Biological Engineering and
Computing, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 94-96,1976.
[8] S. Thomas, "The use of the Laplace equation in the calculation of subbandage
pressure," EWMA journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21-23, 2003.
[9] J. R. Basford, "The law of Laplace and its relevance to contemporary
medicine and rehabilitation," Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
vol. 83, no. 8, pp. 11651170, 2002.
[10] D. Wertheim, J. Melhuish, R. Williams and K. Harding, "Measurement
of forces associated with compression therapy," Medical and Biological
Engineering and Computing, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 31-34, Jan. 1999.
[11] J. M. Melhuish, M. Clark, R. Williams and K. G. Harding, "The physics
of sub-bandage pressure measurement," Journal of Wound Care, vol. 9,
no. 7, pp. 308-310, Jul. 2000.
[12] J. A. J. Al Khaburi, Pressure mapping of medical compression bandages
used for venous leg ulcer treatment, Leeds: University of Leeds, 2010,
300 pp.
[13] J. Al Khaburi, E. A. Nelson, J. Hutchinson and A. A. Dehghani-Sanij,
"Impact of multi-layered compression bandages on sub-bandage interface
pressure: a model," Phlebology, vol. 26, no.2, pp. 75-83, Mar 2011.
[14] E. J. Hearn, Mechanics of Materials Volume 1: An Introduction to the
Mechanics of Elastic and Plastic Deformation of Solids and Structural
Materials, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997, 450 pp.
[15] S. Thomas and P. Fram, "Laboratory-based evaluation of a compressionbandaging
system," Nursing Times, vol. 99, no. 40, pp. 24-28, 2003.
[16] J. J. Dale, C.V. Ruckley, B. Gibson, D. Brown, A. J. Lee and R. J.
Prescott, "Multi-layer compression: comparison of four Different fourlayer
bandage systems applied to the leg," European Journal of Vascular
and Endovascular Surgery, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 94-99, Jan. 2004.
[17] A. Cornu-Thenard, P. Boivin, P. H. Carpentier, F. Courtet and P. Ngo,
"Superimposed Elastic Stockings: Pressure Measurements," Dermatologic
Surgery, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 269-275, Mar. 2007.
[18] M. Ferguson-Pell, S. Hagisawa and D. Bain, "Evaluation of a sensor
for low interface pressure applications," Medical Engineering & Physics,
vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 657-663, Nov. 2000.
[19] E. R. Komi, J. R. Roberts and S. J. Rothberg, "Evaluation of thin, flexible
sensors for time-resolved grip force measurement." Journal of Mechanical
Engineering Science, vol. 221, pp. 1687-1699, Nov. 2007.
[20] W. Bolton, Measurement and instrumentation systems, Oxford: Newnes,
1996, 412 pp.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:60135", author = "Jawad Al Khaburi and Abbas A. Dehghani-Sanij and E. Andrea Nelson and Jerry Hutchinson", title = "The Effect of Multi-Layer Bandage on the Interface Pressure Applied by Compression Bandages", abstract = "Medical compression bandages are widely used in the
treatment of chronic venous disorder. In order to design effective
compression bandages, researchers have attempted to describe the
interface pressure applied by multi-layer bandages using mathematical
models. This paper reports on the work carried out to
compare and validate the mathematical models used to describe the
interface pressure applied by multi-layer bandages. Both analytical
and experimental results showed that using simple multiplication
of a number of bandage layers with the pressure applied by one
layer of bandage or ignoring the increase in the limb radius due to
former layers of bandage will result in overestimating the pressure.
Experimental results showed that the mathematical models, which
take into consideration the increase in the limb radius due to former
bandage layers, are more accurate than the one which does not.", keywords = "Compression bandages, FlexiForce, interface pressure, venous ulcer", volume = "5", number = "6", pages = "1102-6", }
