The Effect of Material Properties and Volumetric Changes in Phase Transformation to the Final Residual Stress of Welding Process
The wider growing Finite Element Method (FEM)
application is caused by its benefits of cost saving and environment
friendly. Also, by using FEM a deep understanding of certain
phenomenon can be achieved. This paper observed the role of
material properties and volumetric change when Solid State Phase
Transformation (SSPT) takes place in residual stress formation due to
a welding process of ferritic steels through coupled Thermo-
Metallurgy-Mechanical (TMM) analysis. The correctness of FEM residual stress prediction was validated by
experiment. From parametric study of the FEM model, it can be
concluded that the material properties change tend to over-predicts
residual stress in the weld center whilst volumetric change tend to
underestimates it. The best final result is the compromise of both by
incorporates them in the model which has a better result compared to
a model without SSPT.
[1] C. Manfredi and J.L. Otegui, Failures by SCC in buried pipelines,
Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 9, 2002, pp. 495 – 509.
[2] J. Wang and A. Atrens, Microstructure and grain boundary
microanalysis of X70 pipeline steel, Journal of Material Science, vol.38,
2003, pp.323-330.
[3] Viorel Deaconu, Finite element modelling of residual stress – A
powerfull tool in the aid of structural integrity assessment of welded
structures, 5th Int. Conference Structural Integrity of Welded Structures,
Romania, 2007.
[4] R6 revision 4, Assessment of the integrity of structures containing
defects, British Energy Generation Ltd., 2004.
[5] AF Mark, JA Francis, H Dai, M Turski, PR Hurrell, SK Bate, JR
Kornmeier and PJ Withers, On the evolution of local material properties
and residual stress in a three-pass SA508 steel weld, Acta Materialia,
vol. 60, 2013, pp.3268 – 3278.
[6] O. Muransky, M.C. Smith, P.J. Bendeich, T.M. Holden, V. Luzin, R.V.
Martins and L. Edwards, Comprehensive numerical analysis of a threepass
bead-in-slot weld and its critical validation using neutron and
synchrotron diffraction residual stress measurements, International
Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.49, 2012, pp.1045 – 1062.
[7] Lenka Kuzmikova, Huijun Li, John Norrish, Zengxi Stephen Pan and
Nathan Larkin, Development of safe optimized welding procedures for
high strength Q&T welded with austenitic consumables, Revista
Soldagem e Inspecao, vol.18, 2013, pp.169-175.
[8] John Norrish, Advanced welding processes, Woodhead Publishing in
Materials, Cambridge, England, 2006.
[9] Djarot B. Darmadi, Validating the accuracy of heat source model via
temperature histories and temperature field in bead-on-plate welding,
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol.11, 2011, pp.
12-10.
[10] Djarot B. Darmadi, Anh Kiet Tieu and John Norrish, A validated
thermal model of bead-on-plate welding, Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.
48, 2012, pp.1219 – 1230.
[11] Djarot B. Darmadi, Anh Kiet Tieu and John Norrish, A validated thermo
mechanical FEM model of bead-on-plate welding, International Journal
of Materials and Product Technology, vol.48, 2014, pp.146 – 166.
[12] D.P. Koistinen and R.E.Marburger, A general equation prescribing the
extent of the austenite-martensite transformation in pure iron-carbon
alloys and plain carbon steels, Acta metallurgica, vol.7, 1959, pp. 59 –
60.
[13] Djarot B. Darmadi, Study of residual stress mechanism using three
elasto-plastic bars model, Asian Transactions on Engineering, Volume
01 Issue 5 (2011) 76 – 80.
[14] Y. Desalos, Comportement Dilatometrique et Mecanique de l’Austenite
Metastable d’un Acier A 533, IRSID Report #95349401 in J.B. Leblond,
J. Devaux and J.C. Devaux, Mathematical Modelling of Transformation
Plasticity in Steels 1: Case of Ideal-Plastic Phases, International Journal
of Plasticity, vol.5, 1989, pp. 551-572.
[15] Chin-Hyung Lee, Kyong-Ho Chang, Finite element simulation of the
residual stresses in high strength carbon steel butt weld incorporating
solid-state phase transformation, Computational Materials Science,
vol.46, 2009, 1014 – 1022.
[16] Ching-Hyung Lee, Computational modeling of the residual stress
evolution due to solid-state phase transformation during welding,
Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, vol.16,
2008, pp.1 – 16.
[17] K.W. Andrews, Empirical formulae for the calculation of some
transformation temperature, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. vol. 203, 1960, pp.
721 – 727.
[1] C. Manfredi and J.L. Otegui, Failures by SCC in buried pipelines,
Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 9, 2002, pp. 495 – 509.
[2] J. Wang and A. Atrens, Microstructure and grain boundary
microanalysis of X70 pipeline steel, Journal of Material Science, vol.38,
2003, pp.323-330.
[3] Viorel Deaconu, Finite element modelling of residual stress – A
powerfull tool in the aid of structural integrity assessment of welded
structures, 5th Int. Conference Structural Integrity of Welded Structures,
Romania, 2007.
[4] R6 revision 4, Assessment of the integrity of structures containing
defects, British Energy Generation Ltd., 2004.
[5] AF Mark, JA Francis, H Dai, M Turski, PR Hurrell, SK Bate, JR
Kornmeier and PJ Withers, On the evolution of local material properties
and residual stress in a three-pass SA508 steel weld, Acta Materialia,
vol. 60, 2013, pp.3268 – 3278.
[6] O. Muransky, M.C. Smith, P.J. Bendeich, T.M. Holden, V. Luzin, R.V.
Martins and L. Edwards, Comprehensive numerical analysis of a threepass
bead-in-slot weld and its critical validation using neutron and
synchrotron diffraction residual stress measurements, International
Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.49, 2012, pp.1045 – 1062.
[7] Lenka Kuzmikova, Huijun Li, John Norrish, Zengxi Stephen Pan and
Nathan Larkin, Development of safe optimized welding procedures for
high strength Q&T welded with austenitic consumables, Revista
Soldagem e Inspecao, vol.18, 2013, pp.169-175.
[8] John Norrish, Advanced welding processes, Woodhead Publishing in
Materials, Cambridge, England, 2006.
[9] Djarot B. Darmadi, Validating the accuracy of heat source model via
temperature histories and temperature field in bead-on-plate welding,
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol.11, 2011, pp.
12-10.
[10] Djarot B. Darmadi, Anh Kiet Tieu and John Norrish, A validated
thermal model of bead-on-plate welding, Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.
48, 2012, pp.1219 – 1230.
[11] Djarot B. Darmadi, Anh Kiet Tieu and John Norrish, A validated thermo
mechanical FEM model of bead-on-plate welding, International Journal
of Materials and Product Technology, vol.48, 2014, pp.146 – 166.
[12] D.P. Koistinen and R.E.Marburger, A general equation prescribing the
extent of the austenite-martensite transformation in pure iron-carbon
alloys and plain carbon steels, Acta metallurgica, vol.7, 1959, pp. 59 –
60.
[13] Djarot B. Darmadi, Study of residual stress mechanism using three
elasto-plastic bars model, Asian Transactions on Engineering, Volume
01 Issue 5 (2011) 76 – 80.
[14] Y. Desalos, Comportement Dilatometrique et Mecanique de l’Austenite
Metastable d’un Acier A 533, IRSID Report #95349401 in J.B. Leblond,
J. Devaux and J.C. Devaux, Mathematical Modelling of Transformation
Plasticity in Steels 1: Case of Ideal-Plastic Phases, International Journal
of Plasticity, vol.5, 1989, pp. 551-572.
[15] Chin-Hyung Lee, Kyong-Ho Chang, Finite element simulation of the
residual stresses in high strength carbon steel butt weld incorporating
solid-state phase transformation, Computational Materials Science,
vol.46, 2009, 1014 – 1022.
[16] Ching-Hyung Lee, Computational modeling of the residual stress
evolution due to solid-state phase transformation during welding,
Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, vol.16,
2008, pp.1 – 16.
[17] K.W. Andrews, Empirical formulae for the calculation of some
transformation temperature, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. vol. 203, 1960, pp.
721 – 727.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:71365", author = "Djarot B. Darmadi", title = "The Effect of Material Properties and Volumetric Changes in Phase Transformation to the Final Residual Stress of Welding Process", abstract = "The wider growing Finite Element Method (FEM)
application is caused by its benefits of cost saving and environment
friendly. Also, by using FEM a deep understanding of certain
phenomenon can be achieved. This paper observed the role of
material properties and volumetric change when Solid State Phase
Transformation (SSPT) takes place in residual stress formation due to
a welding process of ferritic steels through coupled Thermo-
Metallurgy-Mechanical (TMM) analysis. The correctness of FEM residual stress prediction was validated by
experiment. From parametric study of the FEM model, it can be
concluded that the material properties change tend to over-predicts
residual stress in the weld center whilst volumetric change tend to
underestimates it. The best final result is the compromise of both by
incorporates them in the model which has a better result compared to
a model without SSPT.", keywords = "Residual stress, ferritic steels, SSPT, coupled-TMM.", volume = "9", number = "12", pages = "2060-5", }
