The Catalytic Effects of Potassium Dichromate on the Pyrolysis of Polymeric Mixtures Part I: Hazelnut Shell and Polyethylene Oxide and their Blend Cases
The pyrolysis of hazelnut shell, polyethylene oxide and their blends were carried out catalytically at 500 and 650 ºC. Potassium dichromate was chosen according to its oxidative characteristics and decomposition temperature (500 ºC) where decomposition products are CrO3 and K2CrO4. As a main effect, a remarkable increase in gasification was observed using this catalyst for pure components and blends especially at 500 ºC rather than 650 ºC contrary to the main observation in the pyrolysis process. The increase in gas product quantity was compensated mainly with decrease in solid product and additionally in some cases liquid products.
[1] T. P. Williams, N. Nugranad, "Comparison of products from the
pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of rice husks," Energ. Vol. 25, no. 6
pp. 493-513, Jun. 2000.
[2] S.M. Al-Salem, P. Lettieri, J. Baeyens, "Recycling and recovery
routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review," Waste Manage. Vol.
29, no. 10, pp. 2625-2643, Oct. 2009.
[3] A. Caglar, B. Aydinli," Isothermal co-pyrolysis of hazelnut shell and
Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: The effect of
temperature and composition on the amount of pyrolysis products," J.
Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 304-309, Nov. 2009.
[4] A. Aboulkas, K. El Harfi, M. Nadifiyine, A. El Bouadili,
"Thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetic of co-pyrolysis of
olive residue with high density polyethylene," J. Therm. Anal. Cal.
Vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 737-743, Mar. 2008.
[5] A. Jimenez, R. A. Ruseckaite, "Binary mixtures based on
polycaprolacton and cellulose derivatives," J. Therm.
Anal. Cal. Vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 851-856, Jun. 2007.
[6] P. Grammelis, P. Basinas, A. Malliopoulou, G. Sakellaropoulos,
"Pyrolysis kinetics and combustion
characteristics of waste recovered fuels," Fuel, vol. 88, no. 1, pp.
195-205, Jun. 2009.
[7] A.E. Shilov, G.B.Shul-pin, "Activation and Catalytic Reactions of
Saturated Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Metal Complexes"
Catalysis by Metal Complexes, Edited by B.R. James. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, USA, pp. 1-19 2000.
[8] Y.Wan, P.Chen, B. Zhang, C. Yang, Y. Liu,, X. Lin, R. Ruan,
"Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass: Catalysts to improve
product selectivity," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 161-167,
Sep. 2009.
[9] J. Shie, J. Lin, C. Chang, S. Shih, D. Lee, C. Wu, "Pyrolysis of oil
sludge with additives of catalytic solid wastes," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol.
Vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 695-707, Jun. 2004.
[10] J.M. Encinar, J.F. González, G. Martínez, S. Román, "Catalytic
pyrolysis of exhausted olive oil waste," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 85,
no. 1,2, pp. 197-203, may. 2009.
[11] A. Khelfa, V. Sharypov, G. Finqueneisel, J. V. Weber," Catalytic
pyrolysis and gasification of Miscanthus Giganteus: Haematite
(Fe2O3) a versatile catalyst," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 84, no. 1, pp.
84-88, May. 2009.
[12] K. Bru, J. Blin, A. Julbe, G. Vole, "Pyrolysis of metal impregnated
biomass: An innovative catalytic way to produce gas fuel," J. Anal.
Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 291-300, Mar. 2007.
[13] H. Zhang, R. Xiao, H. Huang, G. Xiao, "Comparison of Non-
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Corncob in a Fluidized Bed Reactor,"
Bioresour. Technol. Vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 1428-1434, Feb. 2009.
[14] E. Putun, B. B. Uzun, A.E. Putun, "Fixed-bed catalytic pyrolysis of
cotton-seed cake: Effects of pyrolysis temperature, natural zeolite
content and sweeping gas flow rate," Bioresour. Technol. Vol. 97,
no. 5, pp. 701-710, Mar. 2006.
[15] M. Chen, J.Wang, M. Zhang, M. Chen, X. Zhu, F. Min, Z. Tan, "
Catalytic effects of eight inorganic additives on pyrolysis of pine
wood sawdust by microwave heating," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 82,
no. 1, pp. 145-150, May 2008.
[16] Q. Fu, D. S. Argyropoulos, D. C. Tilotta, L. A. Lucia,"
Understanding the pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood: Part I. Effect of
metal ions," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 60-64, Jan. 2008.
[17] Shilov, A.E., and Shul-pin, G.B., 2000. Activation and Catalytic
Reactions of Saturated Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Metal
Complexes. Catalysis by Metal Complexes. Edited by B.R. James.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA, pp. 318-363.
[18] M. Nishimura, S. Iwasaki, M. Horio, "The role of potassium
carbonate on cellulose pyrolysis," J. Taiw. Inst. Chem. Engineer. Vol.
40, no. 6, pp. 630-637, Nov. 2009.
[19] O. Ioannidou, A. Zabaniotou "Agricultural residues as precursors for
activated carbon productionÔÇöA review" Renew. Sustain. Energ.
Rev. Vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1966-2005, Dec. 2007.
[20] Y.Wan, P.Chen, B. Zhang, C. Yang, Y. Liu,, X. Lin, R.
Ruan,"Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass: Catalysts to
improve product selectivity," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 86, no. 1, pp.
161-167, Sep. 2009.
[21] Z. K. Lin, S.F. Li, "Effects of nano nickel powders addition on flash
pyrolysis of poly(ethylene glycol)," Eur. Polym. J. vol. 44, no. 3, pp.
645-652, Mar. 2008.
[22] B. Aydinli, A. Caglar, "The comparison of hazelnut shell copyrolysis
with polyethylene oxide and previous ultra-high molecular
weight" J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 263-268, Mar. 2010.
[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_dichromate
[24] Basak Burcu Uzun, Ayse Eren P├╝t├╝n, Ersan P├╝t├╝n, "Fast pyrolysis of
soybean cake: Product yields and compositions," Bioresour. Technol.
Vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 569-576, Mar. 2006.
[1] T. P. Williams, N. Nugranad, "Comparison of products from the
pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of rice husks," Energ. Vol. 25, no. 6
pp. 493-513, Jun. 2000.
[2] S.M. Al-Salem, P. Lettieri, J. Baeyens, "Recycling and recovery
routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review," Waste Manage. Vol.
29, no. 10, pp. 2625-2643, Oct. 2009.
[3] A. Caglar, B. Aydinli," Isothermal co-pyrolysis of hazelnut shell and
Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: The effect of
temperature and composition on the amount of pyrolysis products," J.
Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 304-309, Nov. 2009.
[4] A. Aboulkas, K. El Harfi, M. Nadifiyine, A. El Bouadili,
"Thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetic of co-pyrolysis of
olive residue with high density polyethylene," J. Therm. Anal. Cal.
Vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 737-743, Mar. 2008.
[5] A. Jimenez, R. A. Ruseckaite, "Binary mixtures based on
polycaprolacton and cellulose derivatives," J. Therm.
Anal. Cal. Vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 851-856, Jun. 2007.
[6] P. Grammelis, P. Basinas, A. Malliopoulou, G. Sakellaropoulos,
"Pyrolysis kinetics and combustion
characteristics of waste recovered fuels," Fuel, vol. 88, no. 1, pp.
195-205, Jun. 2009.
[7] A.E. Shilov, G.B.Shul-pin, "Activation and Catalytic Reactions of
Saturated Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Metal Complexes"
Catalysis by Metal Complexes, Edited by B.R. James. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, USA, pp. 1-19 2000.
[8] Y.Wan, P.Chen, B. Zhang, C. Yang, Y. Liu,, X. Lin, R. Ruan,
"Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass: Catalysts to improve
product selectivity," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 161-167,
Sep. 2009.
[9] J. Shie, J. Lin, C. Chang, S. Shih, D. Lee, C. Wu, "Pyrolysis of oil
sludge with additives of catalytic solid wastes," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol.
Vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 695-707, Jun. 2004.
[10] J.M. Encinar, J.F. González, G. Martínez, S. Román, "Catalytic
pyrolysis of exhausted olive oil waste," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 85,
no. 1,2, pp. 197-203, may. 2009.
[11] A. Khelfa, V. Sharypov, G. Finqueneisel, J. V. Weber," Catalytic
pyrolysis and gasification of Miscanthus Giganteus: Haematite
(Fe2O3) a versatile catalyst," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 84, no. 1, pp.
84-88, May. 2009.
[12] K. Bru, J. Blin, A. Julbe, G. Vole, "Pyrolysis of metal impregnated
biomass: An innovative catalytic way to produce gas fuel," J. Anal.
Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 291-300, Mar. 2007.
[13] H. Zhang, R. Xiao, H. Huang, G. Xiao, "Comparison of Non-
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Corncob in a Fluidized Bed Reactor,"
Bioresour. Technol. Vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 1428-1434, Feb. 2009.
[14] E. Putun, B. B. Uzun, A.E. Putun, "Fixed-bed catalytic pyrolysis of
cotton-seed cake: Effects of pyrolysis temperature, natural zeolite
content and sweeping gas flow rate," Bioresour. Technol. Vol. 97,
no. 5, pp. 701-710, Mar. 2006.
[15] M. Chen, J.Wang, M. Zhang, M. Chen, X. Zhu, F. Min, Z. Tan, "
Catalytic effects of eight inorganic additives on pyrolysis of pine
wood sawdust by microwave heating," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 82,
no. 1, pp. 145-150, May 2008.
[16] Q. Fu, D. S. Argyropoulos, D. C. Tilotta, L. A. Lucia,"
Understanding the pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood: Part I. Effect of
metal ions," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 60-64, Jan. 2008.
[17] Shilov, A.E., and Shul-pin, G.B., 2000. Activation and Catalytic
Reactions of Saturated Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Metal
Complexes. Catalysis by Metal Complexes. Edited by B.R. James.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA, pp. 318-363.
[18] M. Nishimura, S. Iwasaki, M. Horio, "The role of potassium
carbonate on cellulose pyrolysis," J. Taiw. Inst. Chem. Engineer. Vol.
40, no. 6, pp. 630-637, Nov. 2009.
[19] O. Ioannidou, A. Zabaniotou "Agricultural residues as precursors for
activated carbon productionÔÇöA review" Renew. Sustain. Energ.
Rev. Vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1966-2005, Dec. 2007.
[20] Y.Wan, P.Chen, B. Zhang, C. Yang, Y. Liu,, X. Lin, R.
Ruan,"Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass: Catalysts to
improve product selectivity," J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 86, no. 1, pp.
161-167, Sep. 2009.
[21] Z. K. Lin, S.F. Li, "Effects of nano nickel powders addition on flash
pyrolysis of poly(ethylene glycol)," Eur. Polym. J. vol. 44, no. 3, pp.
645-652, Mar. 2008.
[22] B. Aydinli, A. Caglar, "The comparison of hazelnut shell copyrolysis
with polyethylene oxide and previous ultra-high molecular
weight" J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. Vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 263-268, Mar. 2010.
[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_dichromate
[24] Basak Burcu Uzun, Ayse Eren P├╝t├╝n, Ersan P├╝t├╝n, "Fast pyrolysis of
soybean cake: Product yields and compositions," Bioresour. Technol.
Vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 569-576, Mar. 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:61750", author = "A. Caglar and B. Aydinli", title = "The Catalytic Effects of Potassium Dichromate on the Pyrolysis of Polymeric Mixtures Part I: Hazelnut Shell and Polyethylene Oxide and their Blend Cases", abstract = "The pyrolysis of hazelnut shell, polyethylene oxide and their blends were carried out catalytically at 500 and 650 ºC. Potassium dichromate was chosen according to its oxidative characteristics and decomposition temperature (500 ºC) where decomposition products are CrO3 and K2CrO4. As a main effect, a remarkable increase in gasification was observed using this catalyst for pure components and blends especially at 500 ºC rather than 650 ºC contrary to the main observation in the pyrolysis process. The increase in gas product quantity was compensated mainly with decrease in solid product and additionally in some cases liquid products.
", keywords = "Hazelnut shell, Polyethylene oxide, Potassium dichromate, Pyrolysis.", volume = "4", number = "8", pages = "516-5", }
