Technology Based Learning Environment and Student Achievement in English as a Foreign Language in Pakistan
The fast growing accessibility and capability of emerging technologies have fashioned enormous possibilities of designing, developing and implementing innovative teaching methods in the classroom. The global technological scenario has paved the way to new pedagogies in teaching-learning process focusing on technology based learning environment and its impact on student achievement. The present experimental study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of technology based learning environment on student achievement in English as a foreign language. The sample of the study was 90 students of 10th grade of a public school located in Islamabad. A pretest- posttest equivalent group design was used to compare the achievement of the two groups. A Pretest and A posttest containing 50 items each from English textbook were developed and administered. The collected data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of Experimental group and the Control group. The performance of Experimental group was better on posttest scores that indicted that teaching through technology based learning environment enhanced the achievement level of the students. On the basis of the results, it was recommended that teaching and learning through information and communication technologies may be adopted to enhance the language learning capability of the students.
[1] Salmon, G. (2005). Flying not flapping: A strategic framework for elearning
and pedagogical innovation in higher education institutions.
ALT-J Research in Learning Technology, 13, 201-218.
[2] Harmon, S. W., & Jones, M. C. (1999). The five levels of Web use in
education: Factors to consider in planning online courses. Educational
Technology, 39(6), 28-31.
[3] Holt, D. M., & Thompson, D. J. (1998). Managing information
technology in open and distance education. Distance Education, 19(2),
197-216.
[4] Jackson, B., & Anagnostopoulou, K. (2001). Making the right
connections: Improving quality in online learning. In J. Stephenson
(Ed.), Teaching and learning online: New pedagogies for new
technologies
[5] Simonsen, M. (1995). Does anyone really want to learn at a distance?
Techtrends, 40(5), 12. Learning Environ Res (2007) 10:189-206 205
[6] Reeves, T. C. (1994). Evaluating what really matters in computer-based
education. In M. Wild & D. Kirkpatrick (Eds.), Computer education:
New perspectives (pp. 219-246). Perth, Australia: MASTEC.
[7] Bennet, S., Priest, A., & Macpherson, C. (1999). Learning about online
learning: An approach to staff development for university teachers.
Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 15,207-221.
[8] Neo, K. T. K., & Neo, M. (2001). A constructivist learning experience:
Reconstructing a web site using web based multimedia authoring tools.
Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 17(3), 330-350.
[9] Torrisi-Steele, G. (2002). Technology for the sake of learningÔÇöA
planning approach for integrating new technologies in tertiary learning
environments. The Eighth Australian World Wide Web Conference, 6-
10 July, Twin Waters Resort, Sunshine Coast, Australia (pp. 349-362).
Lismore, Australia: Southern Cross University. Retrieved January 23,
2008,fromhttp://www.ausweb.scu.edu.au/aw02/papers/refereed/torrisi/in
dex.html.123
[10] Mc Mahon, M. (1997, December). Social constructivism and the World
Wide Web-A paradigm for learning. Paper presented at the annual
meeting of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in
Tertiary Education (ASCILITE), Perth, Australia. Retrieved January 23,
2006, from http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/perth97/papers/Mcmah
on/Mcmahon.html.
[11] Pear, J. J., & Crone-Todd, D. E. (2002). A social constructivist approach
to computer-mediated instruction. Computers and Education, 38, 221-
231.
[12] Ring, G., & McMahon, M. (1997, December). Web instruction:
Searching for a theoretical basis. Paper presented at the International
Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE97), Kuching, Malaysia.
[13] Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1993). Toward a
knowledge base for school learning. Review of Educational Research,
63, 249-294.
[14] Waxman, H. C., & Huang, S. (1998). Classroom learning environments
in urban elementary, middle and high schools. Learning Environments
Research, 1(1), 95-113. doi:10.1023/A:1009940816549.44 Learning
Environ Res (2009) 12:31-44
[15] Langford, P. (1989). The process of learning. In P. Langford (Ed.),
Educational psychology: An Australian perspective (pp. 43-64).
Melbourne, Australia: Longman Cheshire.
[16] Cooke, S. (2005, September). Theme speakerÔÇöImplementation. Paper
presented at the Association of Learning Technology Conference,
Manchester, UK.
[17] Tucker, B., Jones, S., Straker, L., & Cole, J. (2003). Course evaluation
on the web: Facilitating student and teacher reflection to improve
learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 96, 81-93.
[18] Oliver, R., & Herrington, J. (2003). Exploring technology-mediated
learning from a pedagogical perspective. Interactive Learning
Environments, 11, 111-126.
[19] Pelgrum, WJ & N Law (2003). "ICT in Education around the World:
Trends, Problems and Prospects." International Institute of Educational
Planning, UNESCO. Paris. P. 17-122.
[20] Zandvliet, B.D., & Fraser, .B.J (2005). Physical and Psychosocial
environments associated with networked classroom. Learning
Environments Research, 8, 1-17.
[21] Schelfhout, W., Dochy, F., & Janssens, S. (2004). The use of self, peer
and teacher assessment as a feedback system in a learning environment
aimed at fostering skills of cooperation in an entrepreneurial context.
Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29, 177-201.
[22] Krashen, S. D., & Terrel, D. T. (1983). The natural approach: Language
acquisition in the classroom. Oxford: Pergamon.
[23] Claire, E., & Haynes, J. (1994). Classroom teacher-s ESL Survival Kit 1.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
[1] Salmon, G. (2005). Flying not flapping: A strategic framework for elearning
and pedagogical innovation in higher education institutions.
ALT-J Research in Learning Technology, 13, 201-218.
[2] Harmon, S. W., & Jones, M. C. (1999). The five levels of Web use in
education: Factors to consider in planning online courses. Educational
Technology, 39(6), 28-31.
[3] Holt, D. M., & Thompson, D. J. (1998). Managing information
technology in open and distance education. Distance Education, 19(2),
197-216.
[4] Jackson, B., & Anagnostopoulou, K. (2001). Making the right
connections: Improving quality in online learning. In J. Stephenson
(Ed.), Teaching and learning online: New pedagogies for new
technologies
[5] Simonsen, M. (1995). Does anyone really want to learn at a distance?
Techtrends, 40(5), 12. Learning Environ Res (2007) 10:189-206 205
[6] Reeves, T. C. (1994). Evaluating what really matters in computer-based
education. In M. Wild & D. Kirkpatrick (Eds.), Computer education:
New perspectives (pp. 219-246). Perth, Australia: MASTEC.
[7] Bennet, S., Priest, A., & Macpherson, C. (1999). Learning about online
learning: An approach to staff development for university teachers.
Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 15,207-221.
[8] Neo, K. T. K., & Neo, M. (2001). A constructivist learning experience:
Reconstructing a web site using web based multimedia authoring tools.
Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 17(3), 330-350.
[9] Torrisi-Steele, G. (2002). Technology for the sake of learningÔÇöA
planning approach for integrating new technologies in tertiary learning
environments. The Eighth Australian World Wide Web Conference, 6-
10 July, Twin Waters Resort, Sunshine Coast, Australia (pp. 349-362).
Lismore, Australia: Southern Cross University. Retrieved January 23,
2008,fromhttp://www.ausweb.scu.edu.au/aw02/papers/refereed/torrisi/in
dex.html.123
[10] Mc Mahon, M. (1997, December). Social constructivism and the World
Wide Web-A paradigm for learning. Paper presented at the annual
meeting of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in
Tertiary Education (ASCILITE), Perth, Australia. Retrieved January 23,
2006, from http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/perth97/papers/Mcmah
on/Mcmahon.html.
[11] Pear, J. J., & Crone-Todd, D. E. (2002). A social constructivist approach
to computer-mediated instruction. Computers and Education, 38, 221-
231.
[12] Ring, G., & McMahon, M. (1997, December). Web instruction:
Searching for a theoretical basis. Paper presented at the International
Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE97), Kuching, Malaysia.
[13] Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1993). Toward a
knowledge base for school learning. Review of Educational Research,
63, 249-294.
[14] Waxman, H. C., & Huang, S. (1998). Classroom learning environments
in urban elementary, middle and high schools. Learning Environments
Research, 1(1), 95-113. doi:10.1023/A:1009940816549.44 Learning
Environ Res (2009) 12:31-44
[15] Langford, P. (1989). The process of learning. In P. Langford (Ed.),
Educational psychology: An Australian perspective (pp. 43-64).
Melbourne, Australia: Longman Cheshire.
[16] Cooke, S. (2005, September). Theme speakerÔÇöImplementation. Paper
presented at the Association of Learning Technology Conference,
Manchester, UK.
[17] Tucker, B., Jones, S., Straker, L., & Cole, J. (2003). Course evaluation
on the web: Facilitating student and teacher reflection to improve
learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 96, 81-93.
[18] Oliver, R., & Herrington, J. (2003). Exploring technology-mediated
learning from a pedagogical perspective. Interactive Learning
Environments, 11, 111-126.
[19] Pelgrum, WJ & N Law (2003). "ICT in Education around the World:
Trends, Problems and Prospects." International Institute of Educational
Planning, UNESCO. Paris. P. 17-122.
[20] Zandvliet, B.D., & Fraser, .B.J (2005). Physical and Psychosocial
environments associated with networked classroom. Learning
Environments Research, 8, 1-17.
[21] Schelfhout, W., Dochy, F., & Janssens, S. (2004). The use of self, peer
and teacher assessment as a feedback system in a learning environment
aimed at fostering skills of cooperation in an entrepreneurial context.
Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29, 177-201.
[22] Krashen, S. D., & Terrel, D. T. (1983). The natural approach: Language
acquisition in the classroom. Oxford: Pergamon.
[23] Claire, E., & Haynes, J. (1994). Classroom teacher-s ESL Survival Kit 1.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:56835", author = "M. Athar Hussain and M. Zafar Iqbal. and M. Saeed Akhtar", title = "Technology Based Learning Environment and Student Achievement in English as a Foreign Language in Pakistan", abstract = "The fast growing accessibility and capability of emerging technologies have fashioned enormous possibilities of designing, developing and implementing innovative teaching methods in the classroom. The global technological scenario has paved the way to new pedagogies in teaching-learning process focusing on technology based learning environment and its impact on student achievement. The present experimental study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of technology based learning environment on student achievement in English as a foreign language. The sample of the study was 90 students of 10th grade of a public school located in Islamabad. A pretest- posttest equivalent group design was used to compare the achievement of the two groups. A Pretest and A posttest containing 50 items each from English textbook were developed and administered. The collected data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of Experimental group and the Control group. The performance of Experimental group was better on posttest scores that indicted that teaching through technology based learning environment enhanced the achievement level of the students. On the basis of the results, it was recommended that teaching and learning through information and communication technologies may be adopted to enhance the language learning capability of the students.
", keywords = "English as a Foreign Language, Student Achievement, Technology Based Learning", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "27-5", }
