Synthesis and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Sulphonic Acid-Doped Polyaniline When Exposed to Oxygen Gas
Three sulphonic acid-doped polyanilines were
synthesized through chemical oxidation at low temperature (0-5 oC)
and potential of these polymers as sensing agent for O2 gas detection
in terms of fluorescence quenching was studied. Sulphuric acid,
dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) and camphor sulphonic acid
(CSA) were used as doping agents. All polymers obtained were dark
green powder. Polymers obtained were characterized by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption
spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, elemental analysis,
differential scanning calorimeter and gel permeation
chromatography. Characterizations carried out showed that polymers
were successfully synthesized with mass recovery for sulphuric aciddoped
polyaniline (SPAN), DBSA-doped polyaniline (DBSA-doped
PANI) and CSA-doped polyaniline (CSA-doped PANI) of 71.40%,
75.00% and 39.96%, respectively. Doping level of SPAN, DBSAdoped
PANI and CSA-doped PANI were 32.86%, 33.13% and
53.96%, respectively as determined based on elemental analysis.
Sensing test was carried out on polymer sample in the form of
solution and film by using fluorescence spectrophotometer. Samples
of polymer solution and polymer film showed positive response
towards O2 exposure. All polymer solutions and films were fully
regenerated by using N2 gas within 1 hour period. Photostability
study showed that all samples of polymer solutions and films were
stable towards light when continuously exposed to xenon lamp for 9
hours. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values for SPAN
solution, DBSA-doped PANI solution and CSA-doped PANI
solution for repeatability were 0.23%, 0.64% and 0.76%,
respectively. Meanwhile RSD values for reproducibility were 2.36%,
6.98% and 1.27%, respectively. Results for SPAN film, DBSAdoped
PANI film and CSA-doped PANI film showed the same
pattern with RSD values for repeatability of 0.52%, 4.05% and
0.90%, respectively. Meanwhile RSD values for reproducibility were
2.91%, 10.05% and 7.42%, respectively. The study on effect of the
flow rate on response time was carried out using 3 different rates
which were 0.25 mL/s, 1.00 mL/s and 2.00 mL/s. Results obtained
showed that the higher the flow rate, the shorter the response time.
[1] P. Kiattiburr, L.Tarachiwin, L. Ruangchuan, A. Sirivat, and J.
Schwank, "Electrical conductivity responses of polyaniline film to SO2-
N2 mixtures: effect of dopants type & doping level". ,vol. 53, pp. 29-37,
2002.
[2] H.S. Nalwa, Handbook of Organic Concuctive Molecules and Polymer.
England : John Wiley & Sons. 1997.
[3] A.Z. Sadek, W.Wlodarski, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, C. Baker, and R.B.
Kaner. "Doped and dedoped polyaniline nanofiber based
conductometric hydrogen gas sensors", Sensors and Actuators A:
Physical, vol. 139, pp. 53-57. 2007.
[4] J. Yue, and A. J. Epstein, "Synthesis of self-doped conducting
polyaniline. "J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 112, pp. 2800-2801, 1990.
[5] S. Koul, S. K. Dhawan, and R.Chandra, "Compensated sulphonated
polyaniline-correlation a processibility and crystalline structure". Synth.
Metals", vol. 124, pp. 295-299, 2001.
[6] J. Stejskal, P. Kratochlvil, and A. D. Jenkins, "The formation of
polyaniline and the nature of its structures", Polymer, vol. 37 no.2, pp.
367-369, 1996.
[7] X. R. Zeng, and T. M. Ko, "Structured and properties of chemically
reduced polyaniline-, Polymer; vo. 39, no. 5 , pp. 1187-1195, 1998.
[8] F. Lux, "Properties of electronically conductive polyaniline : a
comparison between well-known literature data and some recent
experimental findings", Polymer,; vo. 35, no. 14, pp. 2915- 2936, 1994.
[9] M.G. Han, Y.J Lee, S.W. Byun, and S.S Im, "Physical properties and
thermal transition of polyaniline film", Synthetic Metals,vol. 124, pp.
337-343, 2001.
[10] L. Ding, X. Wang, and R.V. Gregory, "Thermal properties of
chemically synthesized polyaniline (EB) powder", Synthetic Metals,vol.
104, pp. 73-78, 1999.
[11] P. G. Rodrigues, G. P. Souza, J. D Mata Neto,. and L. "Akeelrud,
Thermal treatment and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of
polyaniline", Polymer; vol. 43, pp. 5493-5499, 2002.
[12] N. Kuramoto and A. Tomita, "Aqueous polyaniline suspensions:
chemical oxidative polymerization of dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid
aniline salt- Polymer,; vo. 38, pp. 3055-3058, 1997.
[13] E. Banka and W. Luzny, "Structural properties of polyaniline
protonated with camporsulfonic acidÔÇÿ, Synthetic Metals, vol. 101, pp.
715-716, 1999.
[14] M. Kamaliah and A. R. Noorsaadah, Kaedah spektroskopi dalam
pengenalpastian sebatian organik. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti
Malaya, 1997.
[15] F. S. Mehamod, R. Daik, and A.Musa, "Poly(1,3-phenylene
diphenylvinylene), as sensing reagent for oxygen gas detection"
Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 4 , no.1, pp. 035-040, 2002.
[16] Y.G. Chen, D.Zhao, Z. K. He, and A.P. Ai, "Fluoresecence quenching
of water-soluble conjugated polymer by metal cations and its
application in sensor", Spectrochimica Acta Part A. vol. 66, pp. 448-
452, 2007.
[17] H. L. F Eduardo and W. M. Azevado, "Polyaniline-poly(vinyl alcohol)
composite as an optical recording material", Synthetic Metals, vol. 28,
pp. 149-154. 2002.
[18] H.W. Hobart, L.M. Lynne, A.D John, and A.S. Frank, Kaedah Analisis
Beralatan. Jilid 1. Terjemahan Pauzi Abdullah, Shamsinar & Wan
Amizah (In Malay language). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahawa dan
Pustaka, 1993.
[1] P. Kiattiburr, L.Tarachiwin, L. Ruangchuan, A. Sirivat, and J.
Schwank, "Electrical conductivity responses of polyaniline film to SO2-
N2 mixtures: effect of dopants type & doping level". ,vol. 53, pp. 29-37,
2002.
[2] H.S. Nalwa, Handbook of Organic Concuctive Molecules and Polymer.
England : John Wiley & Sons. 1997.
[3] A.Z. Sadek, W.Wlodarski, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, C. Baker, and R.B.
Kaner. "Doped and dedoped polyaniline nanofiber based
conductometric hydrogen gas sensors", Sensors and Actuators A:
Physical, vol. 139, pp. 53-57. 2007.
[4] J. Yue, and A. J. Epstein, "Synthesis of self-doped conducting
polyaniline. "J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 112, pp. 2800-2801, 1990.
[5] S. Koul, S. K. Dhawan, and R.Chandra, "Compensated sulphonated
polyaniline-correlation a processibility and crystalline structure". Synth.
Metals", vol. 124, pp. 295-299, 2001.
[6] J. Stejskal, P. Kratochlvil, and A. D. Jenkins, "The formation of
polyaniline and the nature of its structures", Polymer, vol. 37 no.2, pp.
367-369, 1996.
[7] X. R. Zeng, and T. M. Ko, "Structured and properties of chemically
reduced polyaniline-, Polymer; vo. 39, no. 5 , pp. 1187-1195, 1998.
[8] F. Lux, "Properties of electronically conductive polyaniline : a
comparison between well-known literature data and some recent
experimental findings", Polymer,; vo. 35, no. 14, pp. 2915- 2936, 1994.
[9] M.G. Han, Y.J Lee, S.W. Byun, and S.S Im, "Physical properties and
thermal transition of polyaniline film", Synthetic Metals,vol. 124, pp.
337-343, 2001.
[10] L. Ding, X. Wang, and R.V. Gregory, "Thermal properties of
chemically synthesized polyaniline (EB) powder", Synthetic Metals,vol.
104, pp. 73-78, 1999.
[11] P. G. Rodrigues, G. P. Souza, J. D Mata Neto,. and L. "Akeelrud,
Thermal treatment and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of
polyaniline", Polymer; vol. 43, pp. 5493-5499, 2002.
[12] N. Kuramoto and A. Tomita, "Aqueous polyaniline suspensions:
chemical oxidative polymerization of dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid
aniline salt- Polymer,; vo. 38, pp. 3055-3058, 1997.
[13] E. Banka and W. Luzny, "Structural properties of polyaniline
protonated with camporsulfonic acidÔÇÿ, Synthetic Metals, vol. 101, pp.
715-716, 1999.
[14] M. Kamaliah and A. R. Noorsaadah, Kaedah spektroskopi dalam
pengenalpastian sebatian organik. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti
Malaya, 1997.
[15] F. S. Mehamod, R. Daik, and A.Musa, "Poly(1,3-phenylene
diphenylvinylene), as sensing reagent for oxygen gas detection"
Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 4 , no.1, pp. 035-040, 2002.
[16] Y.G. Chen, D.Zhao, Z. K. He, and A.P. Ai, "Fluoresecence quenching
of water-soluble conjugated polymer by metal cations and its
application in sensor", Spectrochimica Acta Part A. vol. 66, pp. 448-
452, 2007.
[17] H. L. F Eduardo and W. M. Azevado, "Polyaniline-poly(vinyl alcohol)
composite as an optical recording material", Synthetic Metals, vol. 28,
pp. 149-154. 2002.
[18] H.W. Hobart, L.M. Lynne, A.D John, and A.S. Frank, Kaedah Analisis
Beralatan. Jilid 1. Terjemahan Pauzi Abdullah, Shamsinar & Wan
Amizah (In Malay language). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahawa dan
Pustaka, 1993.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:55718", author = "S.F.S. Draman and R. Daik and A. Musa", title = "Synthesis and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Sulphonic Acid-Doped Polyaniline When Exposed to Oxygen Gas", abstract = "Three sulphonic acid-doped polyanilines were
synthesized through chemical oxidation at low temperature (0-5 oC)
and potential of these polymers as sensing agent for O2 gas detection
in terms of fluorescence quenching was studied. Sulphuric acid,
dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) and camphor sulphonic acid
(CSA) were used as doping agents. All polymers obtained were dark
green powder. Polymers obtained were characterized by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption
spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, elemental analysis,
differential scanning calorimeter and gel permeation
chromatography. Characterizations carried out showed that polymers
were successfully synthesized with mass recovery for sulphuric aciddoped
polyaniline (SPAN), DBSA-doped polyaniline (DBSA-doped
PANI) and CSA-doped polyaniline (CSA-doped PANI) of 71.40%,
75.00% and 39.96%, respectively. Doping level of SPAN, DBSAdoped
PANI and CSA-doped PANI were 32.86%, 33.13% and
53.96%, respectively as determined based on elemental analysis.
Sensing test was carried out on polymer sample in the form of
solution and film by using fluorescence spectrophotometer. Samples
of polymer solution and polymer film showed positive response
towards O2 exposure. All polymer solutions and films were fully
regenerated by using N2 gas within 1 hour period. Photostability
study showed that all samples of polymer solutions and films were
stable towards light when continuously exposed to xenon lamp for 9
hours. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values for SPAN
solution, DBSA-doped PANI solution and CSA-doped PANI
solution for repeatability were 0.23%, 0.64% and 0.76%,
respectively. Meanwhile RSD values for reproducibility were 2.36%,
6.98% and 1.27%, respectively. Results for SPAN film, DBSAdoped
PANI film and CSA-doped PANI film showed the same
pattern with RSD values for repeatability of 0.52%, 4.05% and
0.90%, respectively. Meanwhile RSD values for reproducibility were
2.91%, 10.05% and 7.42%, respectively. The study on effect of the
flow rate on response time was carried out using 3 different rates
which were 0.25 mL/s, 1.00 mL/s and 2.00 mL/s. Results obtained
showed that the higher the flow rate, the shorter the response time.", keywords = "conjugated polymer, doping, fluorescence
quenching, oxygen gas.", volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "155-8", }