Steam Gasification of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS): Effect of Fe/BEA and Ni/BEA Catalysts and Steam to Biomass Ratio on Composition of Gaseous Products
This work presents the hydrogen production from
steam gasification of palm kernel shell (PKS) at 700 oC in the
presence of 5% Ni/BEA and 5% Fe/BEA as catalysts. The steam
gasification was performed in two-staged reactors to evaluate the
effect of calcinations temperature and the steam to biomass ratio on
the product gas composition. The catalytic activity of Ni/BEA
catalyst decreases with increasing calcinations temperatures from 500
to 700 oC. The highest H2 concentration is produced by Fe/BEA
(600) with more than 71 vol%. The catalytic activity of the catalysts
tested is found to correspond to its physicochemical properties. The
optimum range for steam to biomass ratio if found to be between 2 to
4. Excess steam content results in temperature drop in the gasifier
which is undesirable for the gasification reactions.
[1] M. Balat, M. Balat, E. Kirtay, and H. Balat, "Main routes for the thermo-
conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. Part 2: Gasification
System," Energy Conversion and Management, vol 50, pp. 3158-3168,
2009.
[2] T. Suzuki, H. Ohme, Y. Watanabe, "Alkali metal catalyzed carbon
dioxide gasification of carbon," Energy Fuels, vol 6, no 4, pp. 343-
351,1992.
[3] Z. Abu El-Rub, E.A. Bramer, and G. Brem, "Review of Catalysts for Tar
Elimination in Biomass Gasification Process," Ind. Eng. Chem Res., vol.
43, no. 22, pp. 6911-6919, 2004.
[4] D. Sutton, B. Kelleher, and J.R.H Ross, "Review of literature on catalyst
for biomass gasification," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 73, pp. 155-
173, 2001.
[5] T. Nordgreen, T. Liliedahl, and K. Sjostrom, " Metallic iron as a tar
breakdown catalyst related to atmospheric, fluidised bed gasification of
biomass," Fuel, vol. 85, pp 689-694, 2006.
[6] A. Hassan, S. Ahmed, M. A. Ali, H. Hamid, and T. Inui, "A comparison
between β- and USY-zeolite-bases hydrocracking catalysts," Appl.
Catal. A., vol. 220, pp. 59-68, 2001.
[7] A. Ramli, A. R. A Hamid, F. Manaf and S. M. Ibrahim, "Effect of
vanadium and titanium substitution over an antimony- based mixed
oxide catalysts for propane ammoxidation to acrylonitrile," Malaysian J.
Analytical Sci., vol. 11,pp. 166-172,2007.
[8] C. Courson, L. Udron, D. Swierczyn'ski, C Petit, and A. Kiennemann,
"Hydrogen production from biomass gasification on nickel catalysts
Test for dry reforming of methane," Catalysis Today, vol. 76,pp. 75-86,
2002
[9] J. Zielinski, "Morphology of Nickel/Alumina Catalysts," J. Catal., vol
76, pp. 157-163,1982.
[10] M. Virginie, S. Libs, A. Courson, and Kiennemann, " Iron/Olivine
Catalysts for Tar Reforming: Comparison with Nickel/Olivine" (2008),
http://gdricatal.univ-lille1.fr/GDRI%20FR/21-28.pdf (retrieved on
January 13, 2010)
[11] H. J. Wan, B. S. Wu, C. H. Zhang, H. W. Xiang, Y. W. Li, B.F. Xu, and
F.Yi, "Study of Fe-Al2O3 Interaction over Precipitated Iron Catalyst for
Fisher-Tropsch Synthesis," Catal. Commun.,vol. 8, pp. 1538-1545,2007.
[12] A. F. H. Wielers, A. J. H. M. Kock, C. E. C. A. Hop, and J. W. Geus,
"The Reduction Behavior of Silica-Supported and Alumina-Supported
Iron Catalysts: A Mossbauer and Infrared Spectroscopic Study," J.
Catal., vol. 117, pp. 1-18,1989.
[13] C. H. Zhang, Y. Yang, B. T. Teng, T. Z. Li, H. Y. Zheng, H. W. Xiang,
and Y. W. Li, "Study of an Iron-Manganese Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Catalyst Promoted with Copper," J. Catal.,vol. 237, pp. 405-415,2006
[14] P. Lv, Z. Yuan, C. Wu, L. Ma, Y. Chen, N. Tsubaki., "Bio-syngas
production from biomass catalytic gasification," Energy Conversion and
Management, vol. 48, pp. 1132-1139,2007.
[15] M. P. Aznar, M. A. Caballero, J. Corella, G. Molina, and J. M. Toledo,
" Hydrogen production by biomass gasification with steam-O2 mixtures
followed by a catalytic steam reformer and a CO-shift system," Energy
Fuels, vol. 20, pp. 1305-1309,2006.
[16] S. Luo, B. Xiao, Z. Hu, S. Liu, X. Guo, and M. He, "Hydrogen -rich gas
from catalytic steam gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor:
Influence of temperature and steam on gasification performance," Inter.
J. of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, pp. 2191-2194, 2009.
[17] N. Gao, A. Li, C. Quan, and F. Gao, " Hydrogen-rich gas production
from biomass steam gasification in an updraft-fixed bed gasifier
combined with a porous ceramic reformer," Inter. J. of Hydrogen
Energy, vol.33, pp.5430-5438, 2008.
[1] M. Balat, M. Balat, E. Kirtay, and H. Balat, "Main routes for the thermo-
conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. Part 2: Gasification
System," Energy Conversion and Management, vol 50, pp. 3158-3168,
2009.
[2] T. Suzuki, H. Ohme, Y. Watanabe, "Alkali metal catalyzed carbon
dioxide gasification of carbon," Energy Fuels, vol 6, no 4, pp. 343-
351,1992.
[3] Z. Abu El-Rub, E.A. Bramer, and G. Brem, "Review of Catalysts for Tar
Elimination in Biomass Gasification Process," Ind. Eng. Chem Res., vol.
43, no. 22, pp. 6911-6919, 2004.
[4] D. Sutton, B. Kelleher, and J.R.H Ross, "Review of literature on catalyst
for biomass gasification," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 73, pp. 155-
173, 2001.
[5] T. Nordgreen, T. Liliedahl, and K. Sjostrom, " Metallic iron as a tar
breakdown catalyst related to atmospheric, fluidised bed gasification of
biomass," Fuel, vol. 85, pp 689-694, 2006.
[6] A. Hassan, S. Ahmed, M. A. Ali, H. Hamid, and T. Inui, "A comparison
between β- and USY-zeolite-bases hydrocracking catalysts," Appl.
Catal. A., vol. 220, pp. 59-68, 2001.
[7] A. Ramli, A. R. A Hamid, F. Manaf and S. M. Ibrahim, "Effect of
vanadium and titanium substitution over an antimony- based mixed
oxide catalysts for propane ammoxidation to acrylonitrile," Malaysian J.
Analytical Sci., vol. 11,pp. 166-172,2007.
[8] C. Courson, L. Udron, D. Swierczyn'ski, C Petit, and A. Kiennemann,
"Hydrogen production from biomass gasification on nickel catalysts
Test for dry reforming of methane," Catalysis Today, vol. 76,pp. 75-86,
2002
[9] J. Zielinski, "Morphology of Nickel/Alumina Catalysts," J. Catal., vol
76, pp. 157-163,1982.
[10] M. Virginie, S. Libs, A. Courson, and Kiennemann, " Iron/Olivine
Catalysts for Tar Reforming: Comparison with Nickel/Olivine" (2008),
http://gdricatal.univ-lille1.fr/GDRI%20FR/21-28.pdf (retrieved on
January 13, 2010)
[11] H. J. Wan, B. S. Wu, C. H. Zhang, H. W. Xiang, Y. W. Li, B.F. Xu, and
F.Yi, "Study of Fe-Al2O3 Interaction over Precipitated Iron Catalyst for
Fisher-Tropsch Synthesis," Catal. Commun.,vol. 8, pp. 1538-1545,2007.
[12] A. F. H. Wielers, A. J. H. M. Kock, C. E. C. A. Hop, and J. W. Geus,
"The Reduction Behavior of Silica-Supported and Alumina-Supported
Iron Catalysts: A Mossbauer and Infrared Spectroscopic Study," J.
Catal., vol. 117, pp. 1-18,1989.
[13] C. H. Zhang, Y. Yang, B. T. Teng, T. Z. Li, H. Y. Zheng, H. W. Xiang,
and Y. W. Li, "Study of an Iron-Manganese Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Catalyst Promoted with Copper," J. Catal.,vol. 237, pp. 405-415,2006
[14] P. Lv, Z. Yuan, C. Wu, L. Ma, Y. Chen, N. Tsubaki., "Bio-syngas
production from biomass catalytic gasification," Energy Conversion and
Management, vol. 48, pp. 1132-1139,2007.
[15] M. P. Aznar, M. A. Caballero, J. Corella, G. Molina, and J. M. Toledo,
" Hydrogen production by biomass gasification with steam-O2 mixtures
followed by a catalytic steam reformer and a CO-shift system," Energy
Fuels, vol. 20, pp. 1305-1309,2006.
[16] S. Luo, B. Xiao, Z. Hu, S. Liu, X. Guo, and M. He, "Hydrogen -rich gas
from catalytic steam gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor:
Influence of temperature and steam on gasification performance," Inter.
J. of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, pp. 2191-2194, 2009.
[17] N. Gao, A. Li, C. Quan, and F. Gao, " Hydrogen-rich gas production
from biomass steam gasification in an updraft-fixed bed gasifier
combined with a porous ceramic reformer," Inter. J. of Hydrogen
Energy, vol.33, pp.5430-5438, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:61844", author = "M.F. Mohamad and Anita Ramli and S.E.E Misi and S. Yusup", title = "Steam Gasification of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS): Effect of Fe/BEA and Ni/BEA Catalysts and Steam to Biomass Ratio on Composition of Gaseous Products", abstract = "This work presents the hydrogen production from
steam gasification of palm kernel shell (PKS) at 700 oC in the
presence of 5% Ni/BEA and 5% Fe/BEA as catalysts. The steam
gasification was performed in two-staged reactors to evaluate the
effect of calcinations temperature and the steam to biomass ratio on
the product gas composition. The catalytic activity of Ni/BEA
catalyst decreases with increasing calcinations temperatures from 500
to 700 oC. The highest H2 concentration is produced by Fe/BEA
(600) with more than 71 vol%. The catalytic activity of the catalysts
tested is found to correspond to its physicochemical properties. The
optimum range for steam to biomass ratio if found to be between 2 to
4. Excess steam content results in temperature drop in the gasifier
which is undesirable for the gasification reactions.", keywords = "Hydrogen, Palm Kernel Shell, Steam gasification,
Ni/BEA, Fe/BEA", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "1129-6", }
